Trissolcus tumidus (Mayr), 1893

Talamas, Elijah J., Buffington, Matthew L. & Hoelmer, Kim, 2017, Revision of Palearctic Trissolcus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 56, pp. 3-185 : 64-69

Trissolcus tumidus (Mayr) Figures 8 , 199-202 , 203-205 , 206-208

Trissolcus cephalotes Kozlov & Lê syn. n. м http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/3198; Morphbank71

Trissolcus delucchii Kozlov syn. n. м http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/3212; Morphbank72

Trissolcus pierrot Mineo, O’Connor & Ashe syn. n. м http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/274651; Morphbank73

Telenomus tumidus Mayr, 1879: 699, 703 (original description, keyed).

Aphanurus Tumidus (Mayr): Kieffer, 1912: 74 (description, generic transfer).

Microphanurus tumidus (Mayr): Kieffer, 1926: 91, 96 (description, generic transfer, keyed).

Asolcus tumidus (Mayr): Delucchi, 1961: 44, 52 (description, keyed); Voegelé, 1964: 28 (keyed).

Trissolcus delucchii Kozlov syn. n., 1968: 198, 203 (original description, keyed); Voegelé, 1969: 149 (keyed); Fabritius, 1972: 30 (keyed); Kozlov & Lê, 1976: 658 (keyed); Kozlov & Lê, 1977: 506 (keyed); Kozlov, 1978: 632 (description); Kozlov & Kononova, 1983: 90 (description); Ryu & Hirashima, 1984: 36, 41 (description, keyed); Ghahari, Buhl & Kocak, 2011: 595 (listed, note on incorrect Lepidopteran association from Modarres Awal (1997)).

Trissolcus tumidus (Mayr): Safavi, 1968: 415 (keyed); Kozlov, 1968: 198, 204 (diagnosis, keyed); Voegelé, 1969: 149 (keyed); Fabritius, 1972: 30 (keyed); Kozlov & Lê, 1976: 658 (keyed); Kozlov & Lê, 1977: 504 (keyed); Kozlov, 1978: 632 (description); Kozlov & Kononova, 1983: 89 (description); Ryu & Hirashima, 1984: 36, 42 (description, keyed); Kononova, 1995: 95 (keyed); Ghahari, Buhl & Kocak, 2011: 598 (listed); Petrov, 2013: 324 (keyed).

Trissolcus cephalotes Kozlov & Lê syn. n., 1976: 658, 661 (original description, keyed); Kozlov & Lê, 1977: 506 (keyed); Kozlov, 1978: 632 (description); Kozlov & Kononova, 1983: 93 (description).

Trissolcus pierrot Mineo, O’Connor & Ashe syn. n., 2010: 27 (original description, placement within Trissolcus pierrot group); Kononova, 2014: 1421 (keyed); Kononova, 2015: 258 (keyed).

Description.

Female body length: 0.94-1.53 mm (n=21). Male body length: 0.89-1.03 mm (n=3). Body color: head, mesosoma, and metasoma black.

Head. Color of radicle: yellow; brown; dark brown. Length of radicle: less than width of clypeus. Color of A1-A6 in female: variably yellow to black. Color of A7-A11 in female: dark brown to black. Number of basiconic sensilla on A6: 0. Number of basiconic sensilla on A7: 2. Facial striae: absent. Number of clypeal setae: 2. Microsculpture on gena directly above mandibular condyle: absent. Shape of ventral gena in lateral view: bulging; narrow. Genal carina: absent. Malar striae: absent. Sculpture of malar sulcus: antero-posteriorly striate. Orbital furrow: expanding in size ventrally, strongly so at intersection with malar sulcus. Macrosculpture of frons between antennal scrobe and anterior ocellus: absent. Preocellar pit: present. Setation of lateral frons: moderately dense. Punctation of lateral frons: absent. Sculpture directly ventral to pre ocellar pit: microsculptured. Macrosculpture of lateral frons: absent. OOL: separated by less than one ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: effaced medially. Macrosculpture of posterior vertex: absent. Microsculpture on posterior vertex along occipital carina: present. Anterior margin of occipital carina: coarsely crenulate.

Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present. Macrosculpture of lateral pronotum directly anterior to netrion: finely rugulose; striate, striae formed by elongation of cells of netrion sulcus. Netrion sulcus: complete. Pronotal suprahumeral sulcus in posterior half of pronotum: undifferentiated from sculpture of dorsal pronotum; weakly differentiated from sculpture of dorsal pronotum. Location of pronotal suprahumeral sulcus: posterior half of pronotum. Number of episternal foveae: 3; 2. Course of episternal foveae ventrally: distinctly separate from postacetabular sulcus. Course of episternal foveae dorsally: distinctly separate from mesopleural pit. Subacropleural sulcus: present. Speculum: transversely strigose. Mesopleural pit: extending ventrally into dorsoventral furrow parallel to mesopleural carina. Mesopleural carina: well defined anteriorly, poorly defined to absent posteriorly. Sculpture of femoral depression: smooth. Patch of striae at posteroventral end of femoral depression: present, striae perpendicular to long axis of femoral depression; present, striae weakly developed and perpendicular to long axis of femoral depression. Setal patch at posteroventral end of femoral depression: present. Microsculpture of anteroventral mesopleuron: present dorsally. Macrosculpture of anteroventral mesopleuron: absent. Postacetabular sulcus: formed by open crenulae; formed by small punctures. Mesopleural epicoxal sulcus: formed by large cells; formed by small punctures. Setation of posteroventral metapleuron: absent. Sculpture of dorsal metapleural area: absent. Posterodorsal metapleural sulcus: present as line of foveae. Paracoxal sulcus in ventral half of metapleuron: indistinguishable from sculpture to absent. Anteroventral extension of metapleuron: extending to base of mesocoxa. Metapleural epicoxal sulcus: present as coarse rugae. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus: indicated by a line of cells. Median mesoscutal carina: absent. Macrosculpture of mesoscutum: absent; longitudinally striate posteromedially, otherwise absent; longitudinally striate posteriorly, otherwise absent. Pattern of mesoscutal microsculpture: uniform throughout; effaced posteriorly lateral of notaulus. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: comprised of cells. Length of mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus: about half the length of anterolateral edge of mesoscutum. Parapsidal line: present. Notaulus: extending at least 1/3 length of mesoscutum. Median protuberance on anterior margin of mesoscutellum: present. Protruberance on anterior margin of mesoscutellum directly posterior to notaulus: present. Shape of dorsal margin of anterior lobe of axillar crescent: round. Sculpture of anterior lobe of axillar crescent: dorsoventrally strigose. Area bounded by axillar crescent: rugulose punctate. Macrosculpture of mesoscutellum: absent. Microsculpture on mesoscutellum: absent. Median mesoscutellar carina: absent. Setation of posterior scutellar sulcus: present. Form of metascutellum: coarsely rugose. Metanotal trough: smooth in dorsal half, with line of foveae ventrally. Metapostnotum: invaginated near lateral edge of metascutellum. Length of postmarginal vein: about twice as long as stigmal vein. Color of legs: coxae dark brown to black, femora and tibia yellow to dark brown, trochanters and tarsi yellow to pale brown. Anteromedial portion of metasomal depression: punctate or crenulate.

Metasoma. Longitudinal striae on T1 posterior to basal costae: present. Number of sublateral setae (on one side): 0. Setation of laterotergite 1: absent. Longitudinal striation of T2: present throughout anterior half of tergite; present in anteromedial portion of the tergite. Setation of T2: uncertain, present throughout posterolateral corner. Setation of laterotergite 2: present. Posteriorly directed setae on medial S1: absent. Striation of S2: present in anterior half of sternite not covered by laterotergites. Setation of S2: sparsely present throughout area not covered by laterotergite.

Diagnosis.

Trissolcus tumidus is unusual among Palearctic species in the flavipes group because the episternal foveae are clearly separated from the cells of the postacetabular sulcus and the mesopleural pit, a character shared with T. gonopsidis and T. nycteridaner . In most species of the flavipes group these foveae form a more or less continuous line between the postacetabular sulcus and the mesopleural pit. This character, in combination with a glabrous first laterotergite and a well-defined and ventrally expanded orbital furrow, separate it from other species of the flavipes group.

Material examined.

Holotype, female, T. tumidus : AUSTRIA: Lower Austria St., Markt Piesting, 1872, Tschek , NHMW 0002 (deposited in NHMW) . Holotype, female, T. cephalotes : TAJIKISTAN: Dushanbe Indep. City, Pavlovsky Institute of Zoology and Parasitology (IZIP), trees, Dushanbe, 18.X.1961, V. Triapitsyn, ZMAS 0142 (deposited in ZIN) . Paratype of T. cephalotes : TAJIKISTAN: 1 female, USN MENT 00916629 ( ZIN) . Holotype, female, T. delucchii : ARMENIA: Erevan City , Yerevan (Erevan), 23.VI.1959, A. Avetjan, ZMAS 0148 (deposited in ZIN) . Paratypes of T. delucchii : (4 females) ARMENIA: 3 females, USNMENT00916635-00916637 ( ZIN) . Holotype, female, T. pierrot : ITALY: Genova , San Lorenzo di Cas., VIII-1936, F. Solari, MCSN 0014 (deposited in MCSN) . Other material: (34 females, 5 males) AFGHANISTAN: 1 male, USNMENT00916640 ( ZIN). CHINA : 29 females, 4 males, USNMENT00979423, 00979425-00979429, 00979620-00979646 ( USNM). RUSSIA : 1 female, OSUC523869 ( OSUC). SOUTH KOREA : 1 female, USNMENT00896013 ( CNCI). TAJIKISTAN : 1 female, USNMENT00916641 ( ZIN). TURKEY : 2 females, USNMENT00916030-00916031 ( BMNH). TURKMENISTAN : 2 females, USNMENT00916630, 00916639 ( ZIN).

Link to distribution map.

http://hol.osu.edu/map-large.html?id=3325

Comments.

Petrov (2013) used the longitudinal striation of the mesoscutum between the notauli and the smooth and shining frons between the antennal scrobe and median ocellus as identifying characters. In the lectotype of T. tumidus , longitudinal striation is present between the notauli but the frons is not entirely smooth and shining. Our examination reveals that both of these characters are size dependent. Large specimens tend to have longitudinal striation between the notauli, pustulate microsculpture throughout the mesoscutum (Figure 208 ), microsculpture throughout the frons (Figures 203 , 205 ), and a gena that does not sharply recede behind the compound eye. Smaller specimens have less development of mesoscutal sculpture (Figures 206-207 ), the frons is smooth and shining (Figure 204 ), there is no striation between the notauli (Figure 206 ), and the gena recedes sharply behind the compound eye.

Figures

Figure 7 - 12. 7 T. mitsukurii, female (USNMENT 00675722), axillar crescent, lateral view 8 T. tumidus, female (USNMENT 00979425), axillar crescent, lateral view 9 T. flavipes, holotype of T. circus, female (ZMAS 0143), axillar crescent, lateral view 10 T. japonicus, female (USNMENT 00675989), axillar crescent, lateral view. 11 T. saakowi, female (USNMENT 00977544) axillar crescent, lateral view 12 T. nycteridaner, female (USNMENT 00896178), axillar crescent, lateral view. Scale bars in millimeters.

Figures 199 - 202. Trissolcus tumidus 199 female holotype (NHMW 0002), head, mesosoma, metasoma, lateral view 200 female holotype of T. cephalotes syn. n. (ZMAS 0142), head, mesosoma, metasoma, dorsal view 201 female holotype of T. cephalotes syn. n. (ZMAS 0142), head, anterior view 202 female (USNMENT 00979425), mesopleuron, lateral view. Scale bars in millimeters.

Figures 203 - 205. 203 Trissolcus tumidus, female holotype (NHMW 0002), head and antennae, anterolateral view 204 Trissolcus cephalotes, female holotype (ZMAS 0142), head and antenna, anterolateral view 205 Trissolcus delucchii, female holotype (ZMAS 0148). Scale bars in millimeters.

Figures 206 - 208. Trissolcus tumidus 206 female paratype of T. delucchii syn. n. (USNMENT 00916636), head and mesosoma, dorsal view 207 female (USNMENT 00979425), mesosoma, dorsal view 208 female (OSUC 523869), mesosoma, dorsal view. Scale bars in millimeters.