Pachyptera erythraea (Dugand) A.H. Gentry, Phytologia 35(3): 186, fig. 2A. 1977

Francisco, Jessica Nayara Carvalho & Lohmann, Lucia G., 2018, Taxonomic revision of Pachyptera (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae), PhytoKeys 92, pp. 89-131 : 101-103

2. Pachyptera erythraea (Dugand) A.H. Gentry, Phytologia 35(3): 186, fig. 2A. 1977 Fig. 7

Pachyptera erythraea (Dugand) A.H. Gentry, Phytologia 35(3): 186, fig. 2A. 1977. Pachyptera kerere var. erythraea Dugand, Caldasia 7(31): 16. 1955. Mansoa erythraea (Dugand) A. Gentry, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 66(4): 782. 1979 [1980]. Type: Colombia. Santander: 10 leguas al S.E. de Barranca Bermeja, a 9 km de la margen izquierda del Río Opón, 200 m., 26 Aug. 1954, fl., R. Romero-Castañeda 4727 (holotype, COL000004375!).

Description.

Liana; stem solid, tetragonal (cylindrical when young), green or brown, with greyish striations, lenticellate; prophylls of axillary buds 3(-4)-seriated, flattened and ensiform. Leaves with blades discolorous, chartaceous, elliptic, ovate-lanceolate, asymmetric, apex caudate, base cordate, oblique, lateral blades 11.0-19.2 × 4.7-8 cm, apical blades 12.0-12.3 × 5.7-6.2 cm; petioles semi-cylindrical, 3.8-6.5 cm long; petiolules not pulvinated, lateral petiolules 1.3-2.4 cm long, apical petiolules 2.5-4.1 cm long. Inflorescence a congested raceme, 2.2-4.5 cm long; pedicel 1.8-2.6 cm long; bracts 1.2-1.3 × 0.5-0.9 mm long; bracteoles cymbiform or triangular, 0.4-0.8 mm. Calyx reddish-wine, cupular, truncate, minutely 5-lobed, 0.9 × 0.7-0.9 cm. Corolla orange to red, tubular-campanulate, 8.5-8.7 cm long, ca. 2.2 cm of diameter at the tube mouth; lobes rounded (sub-circular), 1.8 × 1.4-1.6 cm. Androecium with the longer stamens 44.8-49.3 mm long, the shortest stamens 34.6-39.3 mm long, sparsely puberulous at the dorsal portion of the apex; anthers villous, sub-exserted, with thecae curved forward, 2.0-2.6 × 0.6-1.4 mm; pollen 3-colpate, microreticulate. Gynoecium ca. 6.6 cm long; ovary 3.1-3.9 ×1.3– 1.6, cylindrical, bisulcate, smooth, sparsely puberulous at grooves, with simples trichomes, moderately lepidote, with patelliform glandular trichomes distributed in two vertical lines parallel to the grooves, glandular peltate trichomes forming a vertical line of transition between internal and external grooves and mixing with simple trichomes within the grooves; stigma elliptic, 3.8 × 1.9-2.1 mm; nectar disc ca. 2.4 × 3.8 mm. Capsule linear, flattened, 34.0-41.0 × 2.7-3.0 cm, each valve with an inconspicuous longitudinal midline; seeds oblong, 7.5-9.8 × 2.0-2.1 cm, thin, not-corky, chartaceous to woody, striated, secondary sculpture not seen, winged, with membranaceous and hyaline wings.

Distribution.

Pachyptera erythraea is endemic to wet forest vegetation from the Magdalena River Valley in northern Colombia (Antioquia, Santander). Fig. 8 .

Phenology.

Flowers collected in January, March and July to December. Two fruiting collections are known, one collected in July and the other in September.

Taxonomic comments.

Pachyptera erythraea is distinguished by the orange to red corollas (vs. white, light pink to pale purple in all other species), cupular calyces (vs. tubular in all other species) and sub-exserted anthers (vs. included anthers in all other species). Moreover, P. erythraea is the sole species of Pachyptera with tubular-campanulate corollas. The fruit of P. erythraea is flat, without a visible longitudinal midline. The seeds are thin and winged, similar to those of P. incarnata and P. linearis . Pachyptera erythraea is closely related to P. incarnata , with which it shares a moderately to densely lepidote ovary (Fig. 1 ). However, these species are separated by the bi-sulcate ovary, with glandular peltate and patelliform trichomes arranged in vertical lines in P. erythraea vs. the non-sulcate ovary, fully covered by glandular peltate trichomes in P. incarnata .

Specimens examined.

COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Caucasia, along road to Nechi 24 km from Caucasia-Planeta Rica road, Hacienda Costarica, margin of primary forest and trees remaining in cleared pasture, 8°03'36.0"N, 75°04'48.0"W, 60 m, 21 Mar 1987, fl., J.L. Zarucchi 4887 (HUA, K, MO); Ibid., 21 Mar 1987, fl., J.L. Zarucchi 4862A (MO); Zaragoza, Carretera a Zaragoza entre Carralao y Angostura, 70 m, 13 Jan 1989, fl., G. Ramiro Fonnegra 2580 (HUA); Rio Magdalena, July 1868, fl., M. Weir 72 (K). Santander: Barranca Bermeja, 10 leguas al SE de Barranca Bermeja, 7°03'36.0"N, 73°51'36.0"W, 200 m, 26 Aug 1954, fl., R. Romero-Castañeda 4727 (COL, MO); Ibid., 12 leguas al SE de Barranca Bermeja, orilla derecha del rio Opón, 200 m, 4 Oct 1954, fl., R. Romero-Castañeda 4979 (COL); Ibid., 2 km S. of Llanitas, 19 km N. of Barranca Bermeja, 7°03'36.0"N, 73°51'36.0"W, 160 m, 24 July 1975, fl., A.H. Gentry 15369 (MO); 11-13 km N of Barranca Bermeja on road to Puerto, 07°09'19"N, 73°50'28"W, 160m, 24 July 1975, fl., A.H. Gentry 15372 (MO); Campo Capote, Magdalena Valley, campo Capote, 30 km E of Carare, 6.61, -73.91, 300 m, 29 Sept 1977, fr., A.H. Gentry 20050 (MO); El Centro, 3 km S. of El Centro on road to Yarima, 200 m, 25 July 1975, fl., fr., A.H. Gentry 15402 (MO).

Figures

Figure 1. Schematic diagram summarising phylogenetic relationships within Pachyptera, with morphological characters mapped on the diagram. Names of the terminal taxa indicate the taxon in which these species were previously included. The taxonomic updates proposed here are also indicated. Relationships depicted follow Francisco and Lohmann (submitted).

Figure 7. Pachyptera erythraea: A Branchlets with four leaves B Inflorescence C Interpetiolar region showing extra floral nectaries and prophylls of axillary buds 3 - seriated, flattened and ensiform D Open calyx (external view) E Open flower showing the androecium with anthers united by the villous indument F Upper portion of stamen, showing villous and curved thecae G Gynoecium H Detail of the lepidote ovary indument, with simples trichomes and glandular peltate, and patelliform trichomes (M. Weir 72, K) I Linear and flattened fruit J Seed wings (A. H. Gentry 20050, MO).

Figure 8. Distribution of Pachyptera erythraea.