Faltalini, : Linnavuori & DeLong, 1977

Zahniser, James N., 2021, Revision of the New World leafhopper tribe Faltalini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) and the evolution of brachyptery, Zootaxa 4954 (1), pp. 1-160 : 15-16

Key to genera of Faltalini

1. Macropterous (59A,B, 93Q)........................................................................... 2

1’. Brachypterous (12A2,B 2, 94S,T) or subbrachypterous (7A1,B1, 93T,U), or rarely macropterous (males of Hecullus , 44A2,B2) or submacropterous (males of Acrolithus , 7A2,B2) and if so then dorsum without orange stripes, pygofer without processes, and connective articulated with aedeagus................................................................. 4

2(1). Ocelli distant from eyes, only slightly closer to eye than to head apex (42R); crown and pronotum completely and densely shagreen (42Q,R); anterior part of head strongly depressed, foliaceous (39B1,B 2, 42S); lateral margin of pronotum longer than greatest width of eye (39A, 42Q); ovipositor not greatly exceeding pygofer apex (40Q); first valvula dorsal sculpturing granulose (40N); Costa Rica................................................................. Hecalocorica

2’. Ocelli close to eyes (20R); discal portion of crown smooth, shiny (20R); pronotum mostly smooth (20Q); anterior part of head not strongly depressed and foliaceous; lateral margin of pronotum much shorter than greatest width of eye (20Q); ovipositor extending very far beyond pygofer apex (16B, 20U); first valvula dorsal sculpturing maculose, dorsoventrally elongated (18N,Q)........................................................................................... 3

3(2’). Dorsum with distinct longitudinal orange stripes (17A,B); subgenital plates with numerous long macrosetae arranged across entire plate (17F); connective articulated with aedeagus; Argentina, Brazil................................ Bonamus

3’. Dorsum without distinct longitudinal orange stripes (sometimes with more faint orange markings) (74A,B); subgenital plates with one row of macrosetae near lateral margin (74F); connective fused to aedeagus (74G,H); southern Mexico to Argentina........................................................................................ Tenucephalus

4(1’). Female subbrachypterous (7A1,B1, 93T,U), male submacropterous (7A2,B2) or macropterous (44A2,B2); crown texture uniformly and distinctly shagreen (9Q); pronotum texture mostly shagreen (9Q).................................. 5

4’. Female and male brachypterous (12A2,B 2, 94S,T); crown texture smooth (23T,U) or at least partly rugose (14R); pronotum texture smooth, with transverse rugae, and/or with only patches of shagreen (36Q)................................ 6

5(4). Frontoclypeus inflated subapically (7B1,B2); aedeagus with pair of twice-branched apical processes, without pair of basal processes (7H,I); Venezuela.................................................................... Acrolithus

5’. Frontoclypeus not inflated subapically (44B1,B2); aedeagus without apical processes, with pair of simple basal processes (44H,I); US, Mexico........................................................................... Hecullus

6(4’). Ocelli absent (30Q); head extremely elongate (28A1,A2,B), crown length 2.5x or more interocular width and median length 5.0x or more length next to eye; Argentina....................................................... Dietrichana

6’. Ocelli present, although often reduced in size; head not so elongate, crown length at most 1.5x interocular width and median length 3.5x or less length next to eye.................................................................... 7

7(6’). Ocelli relatively close to eyes, 2x–3x their own diameter from eyes (36Q); body form relatively short, robust; male pygofer with distinct posterodorsal tooth (33D); Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay.................................... Faltala

7’. Ocelli more distant from eyes; body form usually more elongate; male pygofer usually without distinct posterodorsal tooth (exception: some Ackbaria spp.)....................................................................... 8

8(7’). Body narrow, length 3.5x or more than greatest width across forewings (4A1,A2); strongly dorsoventrally flattened (4B); forewing without reticulate venation (4A1,A2,B); male (4D) and female (4B) pygofers with numerous long macrosetae; Argentina, Chile.............................................................................. Ackbaria

8’. Body not so narrow, length 3.0x or less than greatest width across forewings; not so dorsoventrally flattened; forewing with reticulate venation (12A2,B2); male and female pygofers without or with few macrosetae.......................... 9

9(8’). Texture of frontoclypeus predominantly smooth, shiny (23Q,R, 55C, 57Q); Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay...... 10

9’. Texture of frontoclypeus predominantly shagreen or rugose (13R, 51Q, 90R,T); northwestern Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru............................................................................................. 11

10(9). Ocelli midway between eye and head apex, situated on crown posterad of anterior margin (23U); anterior margin of head thin, foliaceous (22B1,B2); male pygofer without macrosetae (25D); male pygofer without posteroventral tooth or claw (25D); eastern Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay..................................................... Clorindaia

10’. Ocelli 1/3–2/5 distance from eye to head apex, on or near anterior margin (58A,B); anterior margin of head variable (55B, 58B); male pygofer with 4–6 moderately long macrosetae posterodorsally (58D); male pygofer with posteroventral tooth or claw (58D); Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay....................................................... Paraclorindaia

11(9’). Crown shorter than interocular width (49A1), or nearly as long as width (females of K. junina ; 50A1); anterior margin of head not subfoliaceous, crown bluntly angled to face (49B4, 50B1); aedeagus with broad base in lateral view and narrow shaft (51H1,H2) or aedeagus short, broad ( K. linnavuorii , 51H3); Chile, Peru................................ Kramerana

11’. Crown nearly as long (87A1) or longer (12A1,A2) than interocular width; anterior margin of head subfoliaceous, crown sharply angled to face (89B); base of aedeagus narrow (87H) or moderately broad ( V. danasensis , 86H) in lateral view.... ................................................................................................. 12

12(11’). Crown nearly as long (87A1) or little longer (86A) than interocular width; texture of discal region of crown indistinct, mostly smooth (90Q); metatarsomere I plantar surface with two rows of 2–4 tapered setae (90S,U); Chile, Ecuador..... Virganana

12’. Crown distinctly longer than interocular width (12A1,A2); texture of discal region of crown shagreen and rugose (14Q,R); metatarsomere I plantar surface outer row (=anterior, with legs extended) with 2–3 platellae and 1–2 tapered setae and inner row with 3–4 tapered setae (14S,T); Chile...................................................... Aequcephalus