Druon fullawayi ( Beutenmüller, 1913 ) Cuesta-Porta & Melika & Nicholls & Stone & Pujade-Villar, 2022

Cuesta-Porta, Victor, Melika, George, Nicholls, James A., Stone, Graham N. & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2022, Re-establishment of the Nearctic oak cynipid gall wasp genus Druon Kinsey, 1937 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), with description of five new species, Zootaxa 5132 (1), pp. 1-92 : 16-20

Druon fullawayi ( Beutenmüller, 1913) , comb. nov.

Figs. 20–32

Andricus fullawayi Beutenmüller, 1913: 244 , female, gall.

Type material. The holotype female labelled as “Palo Alto Calif. Beutenm.”, “ Andricus fullawayi Type”, “Beut. Coll. rec’dl 1935”, red label “Type No. 52977 USNM ”, “ Andricus fullawayi Beut. ” http://n 2t.net/ark:/65665/37401b5e2- 74f2-4641-8029-6303c3a0ae25.

Additional material. 34 females “ USA, CA, Stockton , gall type 161, ex Q. lobata , coll. 2004.ii.29., leg. K. Schick ” ; 2 females “ USA, CA, 30km SW of Williams , ex Q. douglasii ; CA3, coll. 2007.xi.02; leg. J.A. Nicholls ”; 28 females “ USA, CA, Cosumnes River Preserve, CA994 , CA1005 , CA1006 , CA1007 , CA1014 , ex Q. lobata , coll. 2007.xi.07., leg. J.A. Nicholls ”; 5 females “ USA, CA, 30km E of Arcata , CA1309 , ex Q. garryana , coll. 2007. xi.09., leg. J.A. Nicholls ”; 1 female “ Mexico, Zac. , Monte Escobedo 22°20’16.0”N 103°22’48.0”W; Code 452; ex Quercus sp. , coll. and emergence 2013.i.10, leg. C. Carrillo ” .

Diagnosis. The asexual form of this species belongs to the Druon group in which the front of the head is rusty brown and the posterior part of the head and mesosoma are dark brown to black ( Figs. 20–23 ). The most similar species is D. ignotum , from which D. fullawayi differs in having a dark brown mesosoma ( Fig. 27 ) (reddish brown in D. ignotum ( Fig. 75 )), mesoscutellar foveae smooth, glabrous, separated by central carina ( Fig. 28 ) (foveae coriaceous and inconspicuously divided in D. ignotum ( Fig. 77 )), and long prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium ( Fig. 39 ) (slightly longer than broad in ventral view in D. ignotum ( Fig. 79 )).

Redescription. Asexual female ( Figs. 20–30 ). Head rusty brown anteriorly, dark brown posteriorly, antenna paler; mesosoma black; metasoma uniformly dark brown; mandibles and palpi brown, paler than rest of head; legs dark brown, with darker base to coxae.

Head alutaceous, sides of frons delicately coriaceous, with sparse setae, denser on lower face; rounded, 1.3× as broad as high and slightly broader than mesosoma in frontal view; 2.2× as broad as long in dorsal view. Gena alutaceous, not broadened or very slightly broadened behind eye in frontal view, narrower than transverse diameter of eye in lateral view. Malar space alutaceous, with striae radiating from clypeus and reaching eye, malar sulcus absent; eye 3.5× as high as length of malar space. Eyes slightly converging ventrally. POL 3.1× as long as OOL, OOL shorter than diameter of lateral ocellus and slightly shorter than LOL, all ocelli ovate, of same size. Transfacial distance slightly shorter than height of eye; toruli located slightly above mid height of eyes and frons shorter than height of lower face, diameter of antennal torulus 1.7× as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye slightly shorter than diameter of torulus; lower face delicately coriaceous, with dense white setae, with short delicate striae above malar space; slightly elevated median area delicately coriaceous, with a few setae. Clypeus rectangular, slightly broader than high, smooth, glabrous, with long setae along ventral edge; ventrally rounded, not emarginate and without median incision; anterior tentorial pit large, rounded, distinct, epistomal sulcus distinct, clypeo-pleurostomal line well impressed. Frons uniformly alutaceous, without striae and setae, interocellar area alutaceous. Vertex, occiput and postocciput, postgena alutaceous, with setae; posterior tentorial pit large, elongated, area below impressed; occipital foramen slightly shorter than height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina emarginate, continuing into postgenal sulci which diverge strongly toward occipital foramen, postgenal bridge anteriorly slightly broader than occipital foramen. Antenna longer than head+mesosoma, with 12 flagellomeres, pedicel slightly longer than broad; flagellomeres sequentially broadening towards apical end of antenna; scape+pedicel as long as F1, F1 2.0× as long as pedicel and as long as F2; F2 1.2× as long as F3; F3=F4, F5–F12 nearly equal in length; placodeal sensilla on F3–F12.

Mesosoma 1.2× as long as high, with a few white setae, denser along propleuron and lateral propodeal area. Pronotum smooth, glabrous, with numerous delicate parallel striae extending onto entire pronotum laterally, with sparse setae laterally; anterior rim of pronotum impressed, foveolate; propleuron delicately coriaceous, glabrous. Mesoscutum uniformly and entirely reticulate, with a few white setae along sides of mesoscutum, slightly longer than broad (greatest width measured across mesoscutum level with base of tegulae). Notaulus deep and complete, strongly converging posteriorly, gradually broadening towards posterior end; at posterior end the distance between notauli shorter than distance between notaulus and side of mesoscutum, notaulus furrow smooth, glabrous; anterior parallel line in the form of an impressed stripe with more delicate sculpture than rest of mesoscutum, extending to 1/3 of mesoscutum length; parapsidal line marked with broad smooth, glabrous area; median mesoscutal line absent or only very short; parascutal carina broad, smooth, reaching notaulus. Mesoscutellum rounded, as long as broad; disk of mesoscutellum uniformly dull rugose, with strong parallel rugae posteriorly, overhanging metanotum, with sparse long setae. Mesoscutellar foveae transverse, about 2.0× as broad as high, smooth, glabrous, divided by a narrow rugose elevated median carina; circumscutellar carina indistinct. Mesopleuron including speculum entirely covered with delicate interrupted parallel striae, which extend across mesopleuron, orientated in ventroposterior to dorsoanterior direction, with long white setae ventrally; mesopleural triangle smooth, glabrous, with a few strong irregular striae and long white setae; dorsal and lateral axillar areas smooth, glabrous; axillula with delicate parallel longitudinal striae; subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, triangular, posteriorly higher than height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron at half of its height, upper part of sulcus indistinct, lower part of sulcus separating smooth, glabrous area, with some setae. Metascutellum coriaceous, as high as height of smooth glabrous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, glabrous; central propodeal area smooth, glabrous, with a few delicate interrupted rugae; lateral propodeal carinae distinct, bent outwards in mid height; lateral propodeal area smooth, glabrous, with long dense white setae. Nucha with numerous irregular rugae dorsally and laterally. Tarsal claws with acute basal lobe.

Fore wing longer than body, hyaline, with short dense cilia on margin, veins brown, radial cell open, 3.7× as long as broad; Rs and R1 not reaching wing margin; areolet small, triangular, closed and distinct. Rs+M pale brown along 3/4 of its length, its projection reaching basalis slightly below half of its height.

Metasoma longer than head+mesosoma, slightly higher than long in lateral view; second metasomal tergum extending to half-length of metasoma in dorsal view, with white setae anterolaterally, without micropunctures; subsequent terga smooth, glabrous, without micropunctures. All subsequent terga and hypopygium without micropunctures, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium 4.0× as long as broad in ventral view, with long setae ventrally. Body length 2.2–2.5 mm (n = 10).

Gall ( Figs. 31–32 ). Brown, elliptical, thin-walled, unilocular, with reticulate surface, covered with long soft rusty brown woolly fibers. Gall 5–8 mm in diameter, found singly or in groups of two to many galls on the upper side of the leaf, along the midrib, cluster usually beginning at the base of the leaf. The long, soft hairs distinguish this gall from all other hairy leaf galls on white oaks.

Biology. Only the asexual generation is known, which induces leaf galls on Q. garryana , Q. douglasii , Q. lobata (Section Quercus , Series Dumosae). Galls do not dehisce from their host leaf, instead falling to the ground with the leaves in autumn; adults emerge in March of the following year.

Distribution. USA: California ( Burks 1979) and Mexico: Zacatecas.

Figures

FIGURES 20–25. Druon fullawayi, comb. nov., asexual female. 20–23, head: 20, frontal view, 21, dorsal view, 22, lateral view, 23, posterior view. 24, antenna. 25, mesosoma and propleura, frontal view.

FIGURES 26–29. Druon fullawayi, comb. nov., asexual female. 26, mesosoma, lateral view. 27, mesoscutum, dorsal view. 28, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 29, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view.

FIGURES 30–32. Druon fullawayi, comb. nov., asexual female. 30, metasoma, lateral view. 31–32, gall.

FIGURES 75–79. Druon ignotum, comb. nov., asexual female. 75, mesosoma, lateral view. 76, mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 77, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 78, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 79, metasoma, lateral view.

FIGURES 39–42. Druon garciamartinonae, sp. nov., asexual female. 39, mesosoma, lateral view. 40–41, mesosoma, dorsal view. 42, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view.