Saguinus inustus (Schwarz, 1951)
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https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.5730714 |
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5730888 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DF668780-FFF4-FFE7-FA37-FD8A6BD9E1F2 |
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Conny |
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Saguinus inustus |
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Mottled-face Tamarin
French: Tamarin a face marbrée / German: Marmorgesichttamarin / Spanish: Tamarin jaspeado Other common names: Mottle-faced Tamarin
Taxonomy. Leontocebus midas inustus Schwarz, 1951 View in CoL ,
Tabocal, Amazonas, Brazil.
J. Hernandez-Camacho and T. Defler in 1989 indicated the possibility of two subspecies of S. inustus in Colombia. Monotypic.
Distribution. Brazilian Amazon and SE Colombia, between the upper Rio Negro and Rio Japura, W from opposite the Rio Padauari (64° W), N of the Rio Caqueta, E as far as the lower Rio Yari and the right bank of the Rio Mesay; it extends N through the Apaporis and Vaupés basins, possibly to the upper Rio Guaviare; N and W limits in Colombia are not known; not recorded in Venezuela. View Figure
Descriptive notes. Head-body 21-26 cm, tail 33-41 cm; weight ¢.430 g (n = 11). One wild adult male weighed 500 g. The body and tail of the Mottled-face Tamarin are black except for chocolate-brown on the back and cinnamon on the flanks. The face is bare, except for some short white hairs covering the muzzle, with a lack of pigmentation on certain areas causing a blackish mottling effect on the otherwise pink surface. Ears are black and naked but occasionally have white patches. Genitals are naked and white.
Habitat. Lowland terra firma forest, seasonally flooded forest or varzea (flooded for three to five months), mature forest, and second-growth forest around abandoned clearings. More than 50% of the home range of a group of Mottled-face Tamarins in interfluvial forests adjacent to the lower rios Caqueta and Apaporis (near La Pedrera, Comeyafu Indigenous Reserve 1° 17° S, 69° 34’ W) was secondary forest, and most of that was young (low) second-growth forest or “rastrojo bajo.” About 12% of its home range was cultivated by local people.
Food and Feeding. During a short four-month study at Comefayu, near the rios Caqueta and Apaporis, Mottled-face Tamarins ate fruits from 22 tree species and the liana Mendoncia ovata ( Acanthaceae ), totaling 13 genera and twelve families—many of them pioneer species in secondary growth. Sweet juicy arils of Inga (Fabaceae) seeds (including cultivated I. edulis ) were important in the diet during four months of the early and middle wet season. Fruits from Tapirira guianensis (Anacadiacaeae), Rollinia mucosa ( Apocynaceae ), Pseudolmedia laevis ( Moraceae ), Pouteria (Sapotaceae) , Couma macrocarpa ( Apocynaceae ), and Pourouma (Urticaceae) , eaten by marmosets and tamarins throughout the Amazon, also occurred in the diet of Mottled-face Tamarins. Small animal prey include orthopterans, small spiders, and ant larvae. Prey is found as they forage in the middle and lower levels of the forest, especially in rastrojo bajo, even as low as 0-5 m above the forest floor. The double-toothed kite (Harpagus bidentatus) will follows groups of Mottled-face Tamarin, presumably to catch insects that they flush.
Breeding. In Colombia, newborn twins are seen in March-April (early wet season) and September.
Activity patterns. There is no information available for this species.
Movements, Home range and Social organization. Seven groups of Mottled-face Tamarins counted in Colombia had 3-7 individuals (mean 6, n = 7). Group sizes recorded in Amana Sustainable Development Reserve were smaller, averaging 2-7 individuals (n =4). During a four-month study, a group offive Mottled-face Tamarins used a home range of 35 ha. Mean daily movement during five days from dawn to dusk was 961 m (range 750-1100 m). Density in Comeyaft Indigenous Reserve near La Pedrera was 3-8 groups/km? and 19-6 ind/km®. Density on the upper Rio Jat was 3-3 ind/km?®.
Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Plots cultivated by local people, peasant crops, and small-scale logging have transformed much of the natural habitat of the Mottled-face Tamarin. Slash-and-burn is the prevalent agricultural practice in the region, but it is low impact when there are not too many humans. Rural populations, however, are growing considerably in some areas, including notably the interfluvium of the rios Caqueta and Apaporis, east to the mouth of the Rio Miriti where a very large proportion of the region’s indigenous population is concentrated (1-2 people/km?) and where numbers continue to increase through immigration. Much (60-70%) of the range of Mottled-face Tamarins in Colombia is within the boundaries of indigenous reserves. Mottled-face Tamarins are not hunted but are sometimes captured as pets. In Brazil, they occur in Amana Sustainable Development Reserve and western parts ofJau National Park. In Colombia, they may occur in Serrania de Chiribiquete National Natural Park and Nukak National Natural Reserve, and they have been studied in Comeyafui Indigenous Reserve on the left margin of the Rio Caqueta.
Bibliography. Barnett et al. (2002), Castillo-Ayala & Palacios (2007), Defler (2003b, 2004), Hershkovitz (1977), Hernadndez-Camacho & Cooper (1976), Herndndez-Camacho & Defler (1989), lwanaga (2004), Palacios et al. (2004), Rylands et al. (1993), Snowdon & Soini (1988), de Souza et al. (2004), Valsecchi et al. (2010).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
