Botrucnidifer norvegicus Carlgren, 1912

Stampar, Sergio N., Reimer, James D., Maronna, Maximiliano M., Lopes, Celine S. S., Ceriello, Hellen, Santos, Thais B., Acuna, Fabian H. & Morandini, Andre C., 2020, Ceriantharia (Cnidaria) of the World: an annotated catalogue and key to species, ZooKeys 952, pp. 1-63 : 1

44 Botrucnidifer norvegicus Carlgren, 1912

Botrucnidifer novergicus Carlgren, 1912a: 30-34; Carlgren 1931: 10; Leloup 1932: 16-18; Carlgren 1940: 6,10,14-15; Carlgren 1942: 70-71; Carlgren 1945: 72; Nair 1949: 245; den Hartog 1977:136; Molodtsova 2000: 14-17; Molodtsova 2001c: 1027, 1033-1036; Molodtsova 2004a: 292-293, 295-296; Stampar et al. 2016 c: 2,4; Ceriello et al. 2019: 2017-2020

Type locality.

Trondheimfjord, Trondheim, Norway.

Distribution.

Norwegian Sea, at 50-700 m depth.

Remarks.

This species was described by Carlgren (1912a) based on specimens from Trondheim Fjord, Norway. These are small ceriantharians (up to 4 cm long) with an expansion of the cnidoglandular tract and some botrucnidae (= cnidoragae) at the end of some mesenteries. Although the description is fairly comprehensive, knowledge of this species is limited. Other authors cite only some of the species characteristics or have reported occurrences in areas that look similar (e.g., Molodtsova 2004a). Recently, Ceriello et al. (2019) reported on the coloniality of this species, which is a newly discovered trait among Ceriantharia . This species is important in the discussion on the homology of morphological characters, particularly in relation to mesenterial structures.

Type material.

Lund Museum of Zoology (MZLU) - L898/3051 and Marine invertebrate collection Norwegian University of Science and Technology University Museum (NTNU) - 40499 (syntype).