Diastolinus clavatus Mulsant and Rey, 1859

Hart, Charles J. & Ivie, Michael A., 2016, A Revision of the Genus Diastolinus Mulsant and Rey (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (3), pp. 485-540 : 485-540

Diastolinus clavatus Mulsant and Rey, 1859

( Figs. 12–15 , 99–101 , 105 )

Diastolinus clavatus Mulsant and Rey, 1859: 91, 1860: 155 (type locality: St. Thomas); Leng and Mutchler 1914: 460 (St. Thomas); Gebien 1938: 295 [414] (St. Thomas); Blackwelder 1945: 524 (St. Thomas); Marcuzzi 1957: 128 (St. Thomas, Mona), 1977: 13 (in part, St. Thomas, Puerto Rico, Mona records only), 1984: 77 (St. Thomas), 1998: 154; Garrido 2002: 38 (St. Thomas, Mona, Monito), 2003: 27 (Mona, Monitos [sic]); Valentine and Ivie 2005: 279 (Guana); Peck 2011a: 33 (in part, Mona, Guana, Puerto Rico, St. Thomas records only), 2016: 159 (in part, Mona, Guana, Puerto Rico, St. Thomas records only).

Diastolinus (Diastolinus) clavatus ; Marcuzzi 1986: 179.

Diastolinus hummelincki Marcuzzi 1962: 28 (type locality: St. John, here restricted by lectotype designation. Also recorded from St. Thomas. Martinique records here excluded) [junior primary homonym of Diastolinus hummelincki Marcuzzi, 1949 and 1950]. New synonymy.

Comments. Marcuzzi did not designate a holotype for D. hummelincki , only a series of syntypes, and, as was often the case with Marcuzzi, he did not label the types as such. Further, especially in the case of material from Wagenaar Hummelinck, he often did not fully label the specimens, using abbreviated data from the station numbers on the actual labels, but reporting Wagenaar Hummelinck’ s (1982) full collection localities in the actual publication. This practice has resulted in syntypes often being mixed in with general material, as is the case in the three (out of 20) syntypes examined. Marcuzzi (1962) published the label data for a series of 13 syntypes as “St. John: Chocolate Hole, Sta. 618, 19.VI.1955.” A specimen (female, HNHM) clearly from this series actually bears a locality label written in Marcuzzi’ s hand that reads “ 618/ St. John, 19.VI.1955; Chokolat Hole ; P.W. Hummelink .” A second specimen (female, HNHM) from this series bears the locality label “ St. John ; 1955. Sta.618 ” possibly in P. Wagenaar Hummelinck’ s hand. These two specimens have an additional determination label of “ Diastolinus mulsanti Marc ; det. Marcuzzi,” with the “ Diastolinus ” left off the first. The first of these is hereby designated lectoype, the second a paralectotype, and they are so labeled. A third syntype (female) in the BMNH is labeled “St. Thomas (W.I.); 17.VI.55; leg. Hummelinck/ Brit.Mus; 1958-136./ Diastolinus perforatus ; sen. m./ Diastolinus hummelincki Marc. ; M.J.D. Brendell det. 1981.” The first and third labels are written in Marcuzzi’ s hand. This specimen is also designated a paralectotype (BMNH). This specimen is the voucher for Marcuzzi’ s (1957) record of D. perforatus from St. Thomas. The association is also evidence for the misidentification of the St. John record for D. perforatus .

Diastolinus mulsanti Marcuzzi and D’ Aguilar 1971: 79 [Replacement name for Diastolinus hummelincki Marcuzzi, 1962: 28 , not 1949 or 1950.]; Marcuzzi 1977: 19 (in part, St. Thomas, St. John records only), 1983: 246 (male genitalia, St. Thomas), 1984: 77 (in part, St. Thomas, St. John, records only), 1998: 154, 2001: 251 (in part, St. Thomas, St. John records only); Peck 2011b: 29 (in part, St. Thomas, St. John records only), 2016: 159 (in part, St. Thomas, St. John records only); Soldati and Touroult 2014: 99 (in part, St. Thomas, St. John records only). New synonymy.

Diastolinus (Diastolinus) mulsanti ; Marcuzzi 1986: 179.

Diastolinus perforatus ; Marcuzzi 1957:128 (in part, St. John, St. Thomas records only).

Diastolinus fuscicornis ; Garrido 2002: 38 (not Chevrolat 1877) (Mona), 2003: 27 (Mona); Peck 2005: 152 (no records, apparently a lapsus calami).

Type Material. Diastolinus clavatus types were not examined. They are said to be in the Chevrolat collection, but they were not found in the BMNH (M. Barclay, in litt.) nor the Mulsant and Rey collection in Lyon (H. Labrique, in litt.). They are possibly in the Oberthur collection in MNHN. Diastolinus hummelincki Marcuzzi lecotype is designated above ( HNHM).

Other Material Examined. See Appendix 1.

Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from D. clathratus by the matte elytra, not shiny, and lack of confluent punctation on the elytra, and from other species by the combination of the tiny punctation on the pronotum, lack of setae on the pronotal disc, humeri equal in width to the base of the pronotum, lack of armed male tibia, male parameres straight, not sinuate in lateral view, and with widest point of parameres basally then tapering evenly. The aedeagus is very similar in form to that of D. clathratus .

Note. This species is highly variable in size across islands. Mona Island examples tend to have a slightly more convex form.

Redescription. Male. Length 7.1–9.2 mm, width 3.4–4.1 mm. Body ( Fig. 12 ) black, except last 3 antennomeres testaceous; dorsal and ventral surfaces matte, not shiny; ovate-oblong; widest just behind middle, moderately convex; setae almost entirely absent on dorsal surface of body, except head (rarely minute and sparse setae on lateral edge of pronotum).

Head ( Fig. 12 ) with epistoma evenly convex; punctures subequal to diameter of ommatidium, covering dorsal surface, evenly spaced, separated by 2–3X puncture diameters; setae 2X longer than puncture diameter, present laterally, mostly absent medially. Labrum densely punctate, about 2X size of punctures on head and separated by less than puncture diameter. Antenna clavate ( Fig. 12 ). Dorsal and ventral portions of eye roughly equal in size and shape. Gular horns short, not prominent.

Pronotum ( Fig. 12 , 99 ) widened posteriorly; apical margin evenly, broadly emarginate; apical corners rounded, lateral margin widened from apex in anterior 1/3, then sides nearly parallel to base; basal width equal to width across humeri; basal margin bisinuate; dorsal surface broadly, evenly convex, all margins narrowly beaded, except obsolete at middle anterior margin; finely punctate, puncture diameter subequal to punctures on head, spaced 3–5X puncture diameter on pronotal disc; pronotal disc lacking setae, rarely minute white setae equal to puncture diameter in length remain laterally. Hypomeron feebly rugulose, feebly rugulose, almost impunctate laterally. Prosternal process blunt, punctate, white semi-erect setae about length of puncture diameter visible.

Scutellum ( Fig. 12 ) small, triangular, about 2X times wider than long. Elytron gradually broadening from base to widest point opposite posterior margin of metaventrite, then evenly arcuate to apices; striae impressed; strial punctures deep, distinct, never confluent; intervals slightly convex, punctation minute, evenly spaced. Stria 7 ending in lateral stria at humeral angle.

Mesoventrite smooth, almost shiny; punctures shallow, sparse. Metaventrite short, punctate on anterior border behind mesocoxae.

Leg ( Fig. 12 ) surfaces setose and finely punctate. Protibia narrow, expanding gradually in distal 3/4; dorsolateral margin nearly straight; posteroventral surface with stout spines in apical 2/3; apex obliquely truncate, ringed by stout spines. Protarsus with tarsomeres 1–3 expanded, ventrally with golden, densely setose pads, tarsomere 2 widest, more than 2X width of tarsomere 4. Mesotarsus with tarsomeres 1–3 weakly expanded, ventrally with densely setose pads. Metatarsus narrow, about 3/4 as long as metatibia, without setose pads; 1 st tarsomere 2X length of 2 nd.

Abdominal ventrites ( Fig. 13 ) finely punctate; ventrites 1–2 slightly concave medially, concavity extending onto intercoxal process; anterior border of ventrite 1, just behind hind coxae, with row of heavy punctures, slightly extending onto intercoxal process; ventrites 2 and 3 laterally with row of heavy punctures on anterior edge, typically indistinct on medial concavity; ventrite 3 slightly concave antero-medially; ventrite 5 flattened medially, posterior margin evenly rounded. Aedeagus ( Figs. 14, 15 , 100 ) with basal piece and parameres strongly arched, less than 1/3 elytral length; parameres widest basally, narrowed apically; parameres with straight lateral margin, chisel-like, not undulate or with upturned tips in lateral view.

Female. Length 7.2–10.5 mm, width 3.8–4.9 mm. Similar to male except body typically larger, more robust than male. Pro- and mesotarsi not heavily expanded. Abdominal ventrites 1–3 slightly convex medially; ventrite 5 slightly convex; ovipositor as in Fig. 101 .

Biology. Adults have been collected under various organic debris such as Opuntia pads, rotten logs and driftwood, trash such as sheet metal, and rocks. They have been taken in pitfall traps and the pitfall portion of FITs as well.

Distribution. Mona, Monito, Puerto Rico, Vieques * (NMNH), St. Thomas, Saba Is.* (STT, WIBF), Buck Is.* (STT, WIBF), Thatch Cay* (STT), Great St. James* (STT, WIBF), Little St. James* (STT, OSUC), St.John, Great Tobago * (Jost van Dyke, NMNH), Tortola * (WIBF), Frenchman Cay* (TOR, NMNH), Beef Is.* (TOR, WIBF), Peter Is.* (TOR, NMNH, WIBF), Dead Chest* (TOR, WIBF), Guana (TOR), Marina Cay* (TOR, WIBF), Great Camanoe* (TOR, WIBF), Virgin Gorda * (WIBF), Ginger Is.* (VG, WIBF), George Dog* (VG, NMNH), Prickly Pear Is.* (VG, WIBF), Anegada * (BMNH, WIBF) ( Fig. 105 ).

Discussion. This species has a tortured nomenclatural history, with misidentifications both adding island records that are incorrect and naming or using existing names that are synonyms for members of this species. As shown in the synonymical lists, this species’ name has been widely reported in the region, but our findings show that it is a Puerto Rican Bank endemic. The exceptions are Mona and Monito in the Mona Passage to the west of the Puerto Rican Bank. Human assisted introductions may explain those populations, or over water disperal.

Diastolinus clavatus Mulsant and Rey

VIRGIN IS: St. John; Est. Lameshur Bay; Europa Bay Trail; 14 JULY 1994; M. S. Becker colr. (73 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Estate Lameshur Bay; Europa Bay Trail; 20 JULY 1994, M. S. Becker; berlese leaf litter (1 WIBF) . VIRGIN IS: St. John; Estate Lameshur Bay; Europa Bay Trail; 25 JULY 1994, under; rocks, M. S. Becker colr. (18 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Estate Concordia; Ramshead Pt. Trail; 18–19JULY1994, leaf; litter, M.S. Becker (1 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Estate Concordia; Saltpond Bay; 18JULY1994; M.S. Becker, on beach (1 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Ramshead Pt. Trail; 21JULY1994; M.S. Becker colr; berlese leaf litter (1 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Annaberg ruins; 13 JUN 1980; litter along wall; W. B. Muchmore (1 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Est. Hermitage; 03 MAY 1984, debris; under sheet metal; W. B. Muchmore colr. (3 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Est. Hermitage; 03 MAY 1984, under; boards, W. B. Muchmore (8 WIBF) . VIRGIN IS: St. John; Est. Hermitage, ruins; 04 MAY 1984, under; boards, W. B. Muchmore (2 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Ram Head, pitfall; trap, 11 JAN-01 FEB; 1986, W. B. Muchmore (6 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; East End Qtr., Haulover; 05MAY1984, in &; around lg tamarind; W. B. Muchmore colr (1 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Ram Head, 11 JAN1986; litter & rotting; Melocactus; W. B. Muchmore colr. (2 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Francis Bay, pitfall; trap, 19 JAN-02 FEB 1986; berm between pond &; bay, W. B. Muchmore (6 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; American Hill; 08 MAR 1985; W. B. Muchmore colr.; litter in ruins (1 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Ram Head, nr. Point; 07 FEB 1986; W. B. Muchmore colr./ under rocks (2 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Ram Head, nr. Point; 07 FEB 1987, under rocks/ colr. W. B. Muchmore (3 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Est. Maho Bay; Maho Bay. 22JUNE1994; beach litter; M.S. Becker colr. (2 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Est. Lameshur Bay; V.I.E.R.S. at light; 13 JULY 1994; M. A. Ivie colr (1 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Calabash Boom; 16 OCT 1980 / under rocks (2 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Est. Hermitage, ruins; 20 JUN 1980 / base of wall/ colr. W. B. Muchmore (1 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Est. Concordia; Ram Head; 17 JUN 1980 / under shrubs/ colr. W. B. Muchmore (2 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Little Lameshur Bay/ 17 MAR 1984; under rocks/ W. B. Muchmore colr. (1 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Little Lameshur Bay/ 03 MAR 1984; under rocks/ W. B. Muchmore colr. (1 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Little Lameshur Bay/ 18 JUN 1980 / under rocks/ colr. W. B. Muchmore (6 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; East End Qtr., Haulover; 05MAY1984, litter; under Opuntia ; W. B. Muchmore colr (1 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Estate Concordia; Drunk Bay 18 JUN 80; und. bush & cactus; W. B. Muchmore colr (1 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; V.I.E.R.S.; 18–27 JUL 1972; A.B. Gray; Colr. (1 WIBF). SALT POND BAY; ST. JOHN, U.S. V.I.; 05MAY78/ M.A. Ivie; Colr.(2 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. John; Estate Caneel Bay; Caneel Bay to Lind Pt; 0–75m, 02JAN1993; Ivie, Miller & Sikes (1 WIBF). F5133B; St. John, V.I.; III.10.1925 (4 AMNH). F5028B; St. John, V.I.; III.9.1925 (2 AMNH). St. John; 1955. Sta. 618/ Diastolinus ; mulsanti Marc. ; det. Marcuzzi/ Paralectotype; Diastolinus ; hummelinki; Marcuzzi 1962/ WIBF 036018 (1 HNHM). 618/ St. John, 19.VI.55; Chokolate Hole; P.W. Hummelinck/ mulsanti Marcuzzi ; det. Marcuzzi/ Lectotype; Diastolinus ; hummelinki; Marcuzzi 1962/ WIBF 036019 (1 HNHM). MONA IS. [Commonwealth of Puerto Rico]; Native Forest; APRIL 1999; M.A. Garcia, MN1a2 (2 WIBF). MONA IS. [Commonwealth; of Puerto Rico], Bajura; Corral de los Indios; 22–25 FEB 2002; M.A. Garcia & J. Sustache (1 WIBF). Mona Isl. P.R.; Apr.6–8, 1927; WAHoffman (1 NMNH). Mona Is. P.R.; Aug. 1938; Acc# 192-39/ L. F. Martorell; Col. (1 NMNH). Mona Isl. W.I.; III.10.1926 (1 AMNH). Vieques I; Feb 1899 / Porto Rico; Aug Busck/ Opatrinus (1 NMNH). Los Cerezos; Mona Is., P.R.; 18 NOV 1955 (1 NMNH). PUERTO RICO; Toa Boja; Rd 2 @ km 21.3 ; 09 JUNE 1984; J.A. Santiago-Blay (1 EPRL). Ins. Mona; o. Haiti / Diastolinus ; clavatus Muls. ; H. Gebien det. 1931 (1 NHMB). St. Thomas (W.I.); 17.VI.55; leg. Hummelinck/ Brit.Mus; 1958-136./ Diastolinus perforatus ; sen. m./ Diastolinus hummelincki Marc. ; M.J.D. Brendell det. 1981/ Paralectotype; Diastolinus ; hummelinki; Marcuzzi 1962/ WIBF 036017 (1 BMNH). VIRGIN IS.; St. Thomas; Perseverance; Bay 2 AUG 1980 / M.A. Ivie; Colr. (11 WIBF). VIRGIN IS.; St. Thomas, Est.; Bordeaux Elv.50’; 25 APR1979 / M.A. Ivie; Colr. (1 WIBF). VIRGIN IS.; St. Thomas; Brewer’ s Bay; 22NOV1979 / leaf litter; on hillside/ colr. D.; Spillemaeckers (2 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. Thomas; Estate Nazareth. Sea; Horse Cottages; 01–04JAN 1993. 120ft; VIBFP colrs (2 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: St. Thomas; Est. Nazareth. 40ft; 01JAN1993 - 06JUL1994; VIBFP colrs; flight intercept#9 (5 WIBF). VIRGIN IS.; St. Thomsa; 11 VIII 1970 / C Brockner; on cactus; Lot70-1923 (1 NMNH). StThomas; VirginIs/ Near Crown Bay; on ground; W.R. Fyke; St.T&St.J. 1463; 4.15.56.5704 (1 NMNH). VIRGIN IS.; Saba Is. 2 mi. S.; St. Thomas; 24 Mar. 1979 / M.A. & L.L.; Ivie, Colrs. (3 WIBF). V.I.: Buck Is.; Nr. St. Thomas; 30 JULY 1979 / G. Zeletosky (4 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: Little Saba; nr. St. Thomas; 05 JUN 1980; C. Jenning (5 WIBF). VIRGIN IS: Gt. St. James; north side beach to; ridge, 20 OCT 1994; M.A. Ivie colr. (2 WIBF). BRITISH VIRGIN; ISLANDS; Prickly Pear/ 12-X-1991; T. Sinclair (1 WIBF). BR. VIRGIN ISL.; Prickly Pear Isl.; 6 June 1966; Univ.P.R.Isl.; Proj. Staff (1 WIBF). BR.VIRGIN IS: Tortola; Zion Hill, 20m; 07 JULY 1985; S. & P. Miller (20 WIBF). TORTOLA IS; 21-V-62/ B.Boyd with; driftwood/ St. Cr.; 1675/ 62-22806 (1 WIBF). BRIT. VIRGIN ISL.; Frenchmans Cay; (near Tortola Is.); 8 July 1985; G. Mayer (1 NMNH). BRITISH VIRGIN IS; Beef I; 16.vii.1988 / C. O’ Connell, Colls.; Bishop Museum/ Acc. #1988.350 (2 WIBF). BRITISH VIRGIN IS.; Marina Cay; 5.viii.1988 / S.E. Miller & C.; O’ Connell, Colls.; Bishop Museum/ Acc. #1988.350 (1 WIBF). BRITISH VIRGIN; ISLANDS; Ginger Island/ 2X-1992; W. Lu (1 WIBF). AMER. VIRGIN ISL; Thatch Cay; 12 Nov. 1966; Univ.P.R.Isl.; Proj. Staff (1 WIBF). BR.VIRGIN ISL.; Deadman’ s Chest; 26MAY 1966; Univ.P.R.Isl.; Proj. Staff (1 WIBF). BRITISH VIRGIN IS; George Dog; 07 JUNE 1966; UPR.Isl.Proj.Staff (1 NMNH). BRIT. VIRGIN ISLANDS; Great Tobago; 13 July 1986; in and on logs; M. S. Collins (2 NMNH). BR.VIRGIN IS.: Virgin; Gorda, Coppermine Pt.; 18 JULY 1994; M.A. Ivie & T.R. Hughes; under rocks (22 WIBF). VIRGIN GORDA; The Baths BVI; 30 III 1958; J.F.G. Clarke (1 WIBF). BR.VIRGIN IS.: Guana Is; The Flat; 10 JULY 1994; M.A. Ivie colr. (3 WIBF). BR.VIRGIN IS.: Guana Is; The Flat; 12 JULY 1994; M.A. Ivie colr. (1 WIBF). BR. VIRGIN IS.: Guana Is; Hotel to gardens; 16 OCT 2002; M.A. Ivie colr. (2 WIBF). BR.VIRGIN IS.: Guana Is; SW corner Salt Pond; 13 JULY 1994; S. A. Bucklin colr.; berlese leaf litter (2 WIBF). BRITISH VIRGIN; ISLANDS; Gauna Is./ 3X- 1994; W. Lu (1 WIBF). BRITISH VIRGIN IS.: Guana Is; 21–26 OCT 1992. M. A.; & L.L. Ivie, at light (1 WIBF). BRIT. VIRGIN ISL; Guana Island, 0–80m; 5–23 JULY 1985; S.E. & P.M. Miller (1 WIBF). BRIT. VIRGIN ISL; Guana Island; 1– 14 JULY 1984; S.E. & P.M. Miller (1 WIBF). BRITISH VIRGIN IS.: Guana Is; 18–24 October 2008; coll. T. J. Henry (3 NMNH). BRIT.VIRGIN ISLS.; Guana Island; 8July1988; M. S. Collins/ in litter; under stones (1 NMNH). BR.VIRGIN IS: Peter Is; Deadman Bay, und. rocks; under tamarind; 18 OCT 1994; M. A. & L. L. Ivie (11 WIBF). Peter Id. BVI; Little Bay; 30-III-1958; J F G Clarke (1 WIBF). BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS; Peter Island; 21 October 1994; dead branch on ground; Coll. J. Egelhoff (2 NMNH). British Virgin Is.; Anegada, Airport; 23 March 1983; R. S. Miller colr./ under rocks (3 WIBF). British Virgin Is.; Anegada, Setting Pt.; 21–24 March 1983; R. S. Miller colr./ at light (1 WIBF). BR.VIRGIN IS: Anegada; Settlement Ruffling; Pt. Rd. & Nutmeg Pt.; 08 OCT 1994, M.A. & L.L.; Ivie, in rotten log (3 WIBF). VIRGIN IS.; Anegada; Setting Point; 9.viii.-21.ix.1975 / R. K. Butlin; B.M. 1976-140/ Inside dead; papyra trunks (1 BMNH). BRITISH VIRGIN IS; Gt. Camanoe Is., Cam Bay; 0–100ft, 11JULY1994; M.A. Ivie, M.S. Becker; S.A. Bucklin colrs. (3 WIBF). BR. VIRGIN IS; Great Camanoe Is., 11JULY; 1994. M.A. Ivie, M.S.; Becker & S.A. Bucklin; dry forest litter (1 WIBF) . BR. VIRGIN IS: Great; Camanoe Is. 100ft; 11JULY1994; berl. litter, M.A. Ivie,; S.A. Bucklin, M.S.; Becker (1 WIBF). U.S. VIRGIN IS.; Little St. James; 9/ 11-x-1999; W. Lu coll./ Diastolinus ; hummelincki Marcuzzi ; det. C. A. Triplehorn ’99 (1 OSUC). British Virgin Is.; Guana I.; 1/ 10-x-1999; B. & B. Valentine (1 OSUC).

Figures

Figs. 8–15. Diastolinus chalumeaui, holotype: 8) Dorsal habitus; 9) Abdominal ventrites; 10) Aedeagus, dorsal view; 11) Aedeagus, lateral view. Diastolinus clavatus: 12) Dorsal habitus; 13) Abdominal ventrites; 14) Aedeagus, dorsal view; 15) Aedeagus, lateral view.

Figs. 98–101. Diastolinus species. 98) D. desecheo, pronotal bead; D. clavatus: 99) Pronotal bead; 100) Aedeagus - a) Ventral view, b) Lateral view; 101) Ovipositor - a) Dorsal view, b) Ventral view.

Fig. 105. Map of the distributions of the “clathratus” species-group of Diastolinus species on Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Symbols represent island distributions, not all collection events.