Scilla hakkariensis, Firat & Yildirim, 2020

Firat, Mehmet & Yildirim, Hasan, 2020, Scilla hakkariensis, sp. nov. (Asparagaceae: Scilloideae): a new species of Scilla L. from Hakkari (eastern Anatolia), Adansonia 42 (2), pp. 89-94 : 90-93

Scilla hakkariensis FIrat & YIldIrIm, sp. nov. ( Figs 1 ; 2 )

Scilla hakkariensis , sp. nov. is related to S. libanotica Speta and S. mischtschenkoana Grossh. It differs from both of them by its seeds without elaiosome (elaiosome is not distinct on the raphe). Also Scilla hakkariensis , sp. nov. is easily separate from related species by the following features: tepal 10-15 (12.8±1.3) mm long and filaments 6-8 (7.2±0.8) mm long (14-20 [17.7±1.7] mm and 8-11 [9.2±1.2] mm in S. mischtschenkoana ); tepals whitish to very pale pinkish-blue, styles 4-7 (5.3±1.3) mm long (light blue, 7-10 [8.4±1.4] mm in S. libanotica ).

TYPE. — Turkey, Hakkari: Şemdinli district, Gelyaşîn region , on rock areas and Crataegus bushes opening, 890 m, 37°4’45”N, 44°25’46”E, 7.IV.2012, M. FIrat 28629 (holo-, VANF !; iso-, EGE!, HUB!, VANF!, and in the personal herbarium of the collector Herb. FIrat!.).

POLLEN MORPHOLOGY. — The pollen grain is dark bluish-purple, heteropolar, monosulcate, pollen shape perprolate, equatorial diameter 22-25 µm, polar axis 57-73 µm, exine ornamentation perforate ( Fig. 2 ).

ETYMOLOGY. — The species epithet is derived from Hakkari province, where the new species was first discovered.

VERNACULAR NAME. — Scilla hakkariensis , sp. nov., is called (Kurdish name) “Berfîne” by the local people of the Şemdinli district of Hakkari province.

SUGGESTED CONSERVATIONAL STATUS. — Scilla hakkariensis , sp. nov., is represented with two discovered populations in Hakkari province. Total area of occupancy is smaller than 20 km 2 and observed individual numbers about 800 in total for these two populations. Following the criteria laid out by IUCN (2013), the plant is categorized as ‘Vulnerable’ (VU) D1 + 2, on account of its restricted distribution. No anthropogenic or grazing effects were observed on the population. Following the criteria laid out by the IUCN (2011), the plant is categorized as ‘Vulnerable’ (VU) D1, on account of its restricted distribution.

DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT AND ECOLOGY. — Scilla hakkariensis , sp. nov., is endemic to eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is found in the Şemdinli and Çukurca districts of the Hakkari province, that neighbours Iraq ( Fig. 3 ). After a detailed search of some new populations, it might be discovered on the Iraqi border. This species belongs to the Iranian-Turanian floristic region and occurs in rocky areas and clearings of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. at altitudes ranging from 890-1070 m above sea level. The habitat of new species mostly included high calcareous soils ( Fig. 1E, F ). The common species growing in the near vicinity include Arum rupicola Boiss., Bellevalia kurdistanica Feinbrun, Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Corydalis rutifolia Boiss. & Buhse, Eranthis hyemalis Salisb., Gagea luteoides Stapf, Iris persica L., Iris reticulata M.Bieb. var. kurdica Rukšāns, Lamium amplexicaule L., Ranunculus kochii Ledeb., Veronica persica Poir., Viola odorata L.

PARATYPES. — Turkey, C9 Hakkari: Çukurca district, Geliya Tiyar , on rocky areas and rock crevices, 1070 m, 37°17’53”N, 43°40’31”E, fl., 30.III.2012, M. FIrat 28603 ; Şemdinli district, Gelyaşîn region, rocky areas and Crataegus crevices 890 m, 37°4’45”N, 44°25’46”E, fr., 17.IV.2014, M. FIrat 30711 .

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS. — Scilla ingridae Speta : Turkey, Adana: Saimbeyli, Bozoğlan Dağ, Obruk Yayla, 1450 m, 13.IV.1957, Davis 26674 (ANK!, E[E00349355]!); Kahramanmaraş: AndIrIn, Cokak yukarIsI yayla yolu üzeri, dere kenarI, 1420 m, 18.IV.2012, H.YIldIrIm 2286 (EGE!) ; SüleymanlI, Berit DağI, Çimen yaylasI, 2500 m, 11.VI.1978, B.YIldIz 2040 (AIBU!) ; Göksun, Kaman DağI, 1800-2000 m, 20.VI.1981, B.YIldIz 3015 (HUB[HUB 34614]!) ; Kayseri: BakIr Dağ at Akoluk Yayla above Kisge , edge of snow, 2000 m, 29.VI.1952, Davis 19439 (E[E00349362]!) ; Niğde: Niğde, Aladağlar, Emli BoğazI, 10.IV.2012, H.YIldIrIm 2255, (EGE!) ; Torasan DağI ( Aladağlar ), kuzey yamaçlarI, c. 2800 m, 1970, P.Quézel (ANK!) ; Ala Dağ, South-west flank of DemirkazIk by ArpalIk Cave and all raund little DemirkazIk , screes by snow, 2400-2800 m, 27.VI.1963, E.Parry 171 (E[E00349361]!) ; in the Ala Dağ , on DemirkazIk, SW facing stony slope, very close to snow, 28.VIII.1965, G.W.D.Findlay 121 (E[E00349357]!) .

Scilla melaina Speta : Turkey, Gaziantep: NurdağI Geçidi, AslanlIbeli yukarIsI yamaçlar, 1026 m, 11.IV.2009, H.YIldIrIm 1516 (EGE!); Sofdağ, Akçaoba Köyü, 20.III.1981, A.Baytop 47071 (ISTE!); Hatay: İskenderun, Atik YaylasI üstü, 1045 m, 10.IV.2012, H.YIldIrIm 2253 (EGE!); Dörtyol, Kuzuculu, Keldaz çIkIşI, 521 m, 04.IV.2012, H.YIldIrIm 2250, (EGE!); Amanos, ÇardaklI yaylasI, c. 1400 m, 21.III.1989, N. Zeybek (IZEF[IZEF 2220]!); İskenderun, Soğukoluk üstü, KayalIk altlarI, 12.IV.1981, H. Malyer 899 (ANK!); Sofdağ’a bağlI Akçaoba köyü, 20.03.1981, I.Arslanyürek (ISTF[ISTF47071]!); Belen, Atik, 1000 m, 07.III.1970, T.Baytop 16472 (E[E00349351]!); Amanus Mts, SE of Dörtyol, lower foothills, rocky slopes in deciduous wood, 500 m, 01.IV.1966, J.M.Watson 665 (E[E00349350]!); Amanus Mts, KIzIldağ, slopes deep shade of Quercus scrub, 1600 m, 10.IV.1967, A.R.Mitchell 2617 (K!); Amanus Mts, KarlIk Tepe above Soğukoluk, hillside limestone, 1250 m, 03.IV.1967 M.J.Cheese 2502 (K!).

Scilla mischtschenkoana Grossh. : Azerbaijan, Distr. Nachitshevan, in monte Sojuch supra oppidum Ordubad, 8000-9000 ft, Culta in sect. cauc., 29.V.1975, Grossheim (TBI[TBI1025600]!, E!).

Armenia: Nachrespublica, prope st. viae ferr. Negrom, in calcareis, 29.IV.1933, T. Heidemann & L. Prilipko (W!).

Scilla libanotica Speta : Lebanon: Hermon; sheltered earthy places un- der boulders, 12.IV.1959, O.Polunin 5241 (E!); Above Jezzine, ledges of shady rocks in Quercetum with Galanthus, 3300 ft, 14.III.1943, P.H.Davis 5405 (E!); N. of Jezzin, towards Beit ed Dine, open turf between limestone outcrops and pockets on limestone, 1070 m, 6.III.1966, J.C.Archibald 1071 (E!); Liban: M. Labillardière (G!); Jebel el-Hadid, 13.V.1882, 7.IV.1883, E. Peyron 1754 (G); Merj, 26.IV.1878, Post 265 (G-Boiss.!); Nebal Hadid, ad nives, V.1882, E. Peyron (G-BOISS.!); Antiliban: Quadi el Karn, III.1889, E. Peyron 942 (G!); Liban sup., III.1891, Michon (P[P02058194]!); Ain Zhalta, 9.IV.1934, P. Mouterde 3146 (P[P02058197]!); Barouk, III.1940, F. Louis (P[P02058193]!); Jebel Barouk, vers 1600 m, sous des broussailles près de cèdres, 16.III.1930, R. Gombault 830 (P[P02058196]!).

DESCRIPTION

Bulb 15-25 × 10-20 mm, subglobose to ovoid; outer tunic membranous, thin texture, pale brown, inner tunic purplish. Leaves 2-5(-7), 4-20 × 0.4-1.3 cm, green, linear, flat, shorter than inflorescence or sometimes equal. Scape 1-3, 3- 15 cm long, erect. Inflorescence 2-8 cm long; 1-6-flowered raceme. Bracts minute, triangular or oblong, c. 1 mm long, mostly 2-partite, whitish to slightly purplish. Pedicel 3-28 mm long in flower, 5-35 mm in fruit, erect to patent. Perianth whitish to very pale pinkish-blue, mostly pale blue at base of outer surface.Tepal 10-15 × 2-5 mm; midrib concolorous or slightly darker outside, mostly pale bluish. Anthers 2-2.5 × 0.7-1 mm, dark blue; filaments 6-8 mm long, white; pollen grains dark blue to yellowish green. Ovary 2-2.5 × 2-2.5 mm, globose, yellowish-green, 3-locular; style 4-7 mm long, terete, rarely geniculate, whitish; stigma capitate. Capsule 7-10 mm wide, sub-globose. Seeds globose, c. 2 mm long, black; surface micropapillate; without ant strophiole or elaiosome.

Figures

FIG. 1. — Scilla hakkariensis, sp. nov.: A-D, habitus; E, F, populations areas; G, fruit; H, seeds.

FIG. 2. — Scilla hakkariensis, sp. nov., SEM photos: A-C, seed and details of seed surface; D-F, pollen grains and details of exine. Scale bars: A, B, 100 µm; C-E, 2 µm; F, 200 nm.

FIG. 3. — The distribution of the Scilla hakkariensis, sp.nov., according to herbarium samples:(), S. ingridae Speta () S. libanotica Speta (), S. melaina Speta (), S. mischtschenkoana Grossh. ().