Liriomyza trifoliearum Spencer, 1973

Lonsdale, Owen, 2011, The Liriomyza (Agromyzidae: Schizophora: Diptera) of California 2850, Zootaxa 2850 (1), pp. 1-123 : 104-106

Liriomyza trifoliearum Spencer

Figs 236–239

Liriomyza pictella . Misidentification, in part. Frick 1959: 408.

Liriomyza trifoliearum Spencer In Spencer & Stegmaier 1973: 107 . Spencer & Steyskal 1986: 296.

Description. Wing length 1.8–2.3mm (♂), 1.8–2.2mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein CuA 1 divided by penultimate section: 1.5–3.3 (up to 4.0 in some CA specimens). Eye height divided by gena height: 2.8–3.2. Scutum subshining.

Chaetotaxy: Two ori (sometimes three on one side), two ors. Acrostichal setulae in four or five irregular rows.

Colouration: Calypter margin and hairs dark. Ocellar triangle, back of head, clypeus and posterolateral margin of frons to base of inner vertical bristle dark brown; orbital plate brown to base of posterior or anterior ors (fading anteriorly), or with light mottling at base of bristles; face light brown to yellow; posteroventral margin of gena with thin brownish stripe; first flagellomere yellow, with distal margin sometimes infuscated. Scutum sometimes brown posterolaterally; laterotergites brown, usually with katatergite partially yellow dorsally. Pleuron brown with dorsal ¼ or less of anepisternum, mottling on anepimeron, dorsal margin of meron, and dorsal or dorsomedial margin of katepisternum yellow; katepisternal bristle usually enclosed by brown, sometimes on yellow border. Coxae (sometimes excluding tip to distal 2/3 of fore coxa), tibiae and tarsi brown; base of femora brown (sometimes only dorsally or mid femur entirely yellow) with remainder variably patterned, but usually paler on fore or mid femora, and infrequently entirely brown with knee and anteroventral surface yellow (that is, similar to L. langei ). Abdomen brown, sometimes with posterior margin of tergites 2–5 yellow, or with lateral margins becoming slightly yellowish along edge.

Genitalia: Figs 236–239 . Surstylus slightly narrowing distally and with two subapical spines (outer spine slightly smaller). Apical membrane of basiphallus produced into one pair of pointed paraphalli. Hypophallus absent or present as small offset sclerotized plate. Mesophallus slightly longer than wide, most heavily sclerotized laterally and dorsally; mesophallus and distiphallus with complete ventral suture. Distiphallus almost entirely divided medially with halves narrow, weakly sclerotized apically and with several inner-marginal triangular points. Ejaculatory apodeme narrow and poorly developed with venter of bulb broadly sclerotized.

Hosts. Fabaceae — Coronilla , Medicago sativa , Phaseolus vulgaris , Pisum , Trifolium repens ( Spencer & Steyskal, 1986; Dempewolf, 2004). Solanaceae — Solanum sarachoides ( Spencer & Steyskal, 1986) . Californian adults[?] also found on Chrysanthemum (Asteraceae) , Brassica (Brassicaceae) , Gypsophila (Caryophyllaceae) and Adenostoma fasciculatum (Rosaceae) .

Range. USA: Arizona*, California [widespread], Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Mexico*, New York, Oregon*, Pennsylvania, Utah*, Washington, Wisconsin. Canada: Prince Edward Island .

Type material. Holotype, USA. Florida: Gainesville , 24.iv.1964, ex. Trifolium repens, D.H. Habeck (1♂, USNM).

Additional material examined. USA. Arizona: Tempe , V. L. Wildermuth, “May 24–12” (3♂ 4♀, USNM) , California: Alameda Co., Live Oak Park , 24.v.1944, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM) , Del Norte, Six Rivers NF For Route 16N02, nr. Bear Basin Outlk , 41.8016°N, 123.7369°W, 1500m, 3.vi–24.vii.2009, P. Kerr & O. Lonsdale (1♂ 1♀, CSCA) , El Dorado Co., Summit Luther Pass , 6.viii.1948, sweeping, Lot No., 102-2, K.E. Frick (2♀, CASC) , Bijou , 10.vi.1952, P.H. Arnaud (1♂, USNM) , Echo Lake , 23.vii.1955, E.I. Schlinger (5♂ 5♀, UCD) , Glenn Co., Rold Ranch , 1.vii.1953, Ladino clover, R. F. Smith (1♂ 1♀, CASC) , Imperial Co., Niland , 17.iv.1979 (1♂, UCR) , Inyo Co., Deep Spr. , 16.vii.1953, E.I. Schlinger (1♂, EMEC) , Kern Co., Havilah , 15mi SW, 15.v.1963, J. Powell (1♂, EMEC) , King Co., Corcoran , 18.vii.1967, G.L. Jensen (1♂, CSCA) , Los Angeles Co., Llano, Mojave Desert , 13.iii.1935, A.L. Melander (2♂, USNM) , Mendocino Co., Ortega Highway nr. Summit, “11/6/44”, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM) , Monterey Co., Chualar , 19.vi.1980, Chrysanthemum (2♂ 17♀, EMEC) , Chualar , [?]. xii.1980 (1♂, EMEC) , Riverside Co., Riverside , 21.ii.1935, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM) , P.L. Boyd Des. Res. Centre , 3.5mi S Palm Desert, elev. 2960’, 5–13.vi.1973, Malaise trap, A. Tabet (1♀, UCR) , Salinas Co., 19.vi.1980, Brassica (3♂ 5♀, EMEC) , Solanum (2♀, EMEC) , San Bernardino Co., 9 air mi. S Baker Zzyzx Sprs. , 25.iv.1977, Ulrich, Malaise trap (1♂, EMEC) , San Luis Obispo Co., Morro Bay , 8mi E, 2.v.1962, Adenostoma fasciculatum, C.A. Toschi (2♂, EMEC) , Santa Clara Co., Stanford , vi.1915, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM) , Palo Alto , 18.ix.1980, ex. mums (4♂ 3♀, EMEC) , ex. tomato (2♂ 2♀, EMEC) , Santa Cruz Co., Mount Hermon , 1.viii.1948, sweeping, Lot No., 50-5, K.E. Frick (1♀, CASC) , “ Santa Cruz Co. ”. #5, 10.vi.1917, W.M. Giffard (1♂, CASC) , Siskiyou Co., Mt. Shasta City , 24.vi.1958, J. Powell, at light (1♂, EMEC) , Yolo Co., Davis , 11.ix.1978, tomato (1♂, UCD) , Florida: Bradenton , 16.ix.1980, ex. Gypsophylla (1♂ 1♀, EMEC) , ex. mums (1♂ 2♀, EMEC) , ex. Chrysanthemum (1♀, EMEC) , New Mexico: Bandelier Mon., Frijoles Can. , 14.vi.1960, Burks & Kinzer (1♂, USNM) , Oregon: Mt. Hood, Hoods Rapids , 29.vii.1921, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM) , Lake Co., 9mi SE Fort Rock , 3.vii.1971, G. Steyskal (2♂, USNM) , Utah: Timpanogos Mt. , 25.vi.1940, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM) , Salt Lake Laboratory, 22.viii.1913, L.P. Rockwood (1♂ 2♀, USNM) , Salt Lake , C.N. Ainslie, 15.vii.1912, reared from Agromyza mines (3♂ 3♀, USNM) , Salt Lake , C.N. Ainslie, reared from alfalfa leaf mines, “May 11” (1♂, USNM) , Salt Lake , C.N. Ainslie, 2.ix.1912, reared from alfalfa mine (1♀, USNM) , Salt Lake , T. H. Parks (1♂ 2♀, USNM) , Washington: Eusum , 28.vi.1917, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM) .

Comments. Liriomyza trifoliearum is encountered with relative frequency throughout the United States and has been reared from a number of taxa in the Fabaceae , including several agriculturally significant species. A number of these crops are also attacked by L. langei , which is similarly dark and variable in its colouration, and although these two species can be identified externally using the above key, the most reliable means of determination is through examination of the phallus. Liriomyza trifoliearum has one pair of pointed, sclerotized “wings” at the base of the mesophallus, which is barely separated from the basiphallus, while L. langei is missing these wings and the mesophallus is widely separated from the basiphallus by a long, (usually) curved membranous space from which the elongate, curved hypophallus projects.

Figures

FIGURES 232–239. Figs 232–235: Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), male genitalia; 232: external components, ventral; 233: ejaculatory apodeme; 234: phallus, left lateral; 235: phallus, ventral. Figs 236–239: L. trifoliearum Spencer, male genitalia; 236: external components, ventral; 237: ejaculatory apodeme; 238: hypandrial complex, left lateral; 239: phallus, ventral.