Psalidodon, Eigenmann, 1911

Toledo-Piza, Mônica, Baena, Eduardo G., Dagosta, Fernando C. P., Menezes, Naércio A., Ândrade, Marcelo, Benini, Ricardo C., Bertaco, Vinicius A., Birindelli, José Luís O., Boden, Gert, Buckup, Paulo A., Camelier, Priscila, Carvalho, Fernando R., Castro, Ricardo M. C., Chuctaya, Junior, Decru, Eva, Derijst, Eddy, Dillman, Casey B., Ferreira, Katiane M., Merxem, Dimitri G., Giovannetti, Victor, Hirschmann, Alice, Jégu, Michel, Jerep, Fernando C., Langeani, Francisco, Lima, Flávio C. T., Lucena, Carlos A. S., Lucena, Zilda Margarete S., Malabarba, Luiz R., Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L., Marinho, Manoela M. F., Mathubara, Kleber, Mattox, George M. T., Melo, Bruno F., Moelants, Tuur, Moreira, Cristiano R., Musschoot, Tobias, Netto-Ferreira, André L., Ota, Rafaela P., T. Oyakawa, Osvaldo, Pavanelli, Carla S., Reis, Roberto E., Santos, Osmar, Serra, Jane Piton, Silva, Gabriel S. C., Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison, Souza-Lima, Rosana, Vari, Richard P. & Zanata, Angela M., 2024, Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi), Neotropical Ichthyology (e 230086) 22 (1), pp. 1-548 : 258-264

PSALIDODON Eigenmann, 1911

AM Zanata, VA Bertaco, FCT Lima

Psalidodon Eigenmann, 1911c:165 . Type species: Psalidodon gymnodontus Eigenmann, 1911 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Remarks: Synonymy with Astyanax proposed by Pavanelli, Oliveira, 2009:569. Considered as a valid genus by Teran et al., 2020.

Psalidodon anisitsi (Eigenmann, 1907)

Hemigrammus anisitsi Eigenmann , in Eigenmann, Ogle, 1907:16. Type locality: Villa Rica. [Villarica, Guairá Department, río Tebicuary drainage, río Paraguay basin, Paraguay]. Holotype: CAS 11984 (1 of 3). [Holotype (30.9 mm SL) and two paratypes (22.2 and 26.6 mm SL) under the same catalog number (CAS 11984), in the same jar].

Hemigrammus caudovittatus Ahl, 1923a:261 , figure. Unnumbered on page 261. Type locality: Buenos Aires. [Buenos Aires, Argentina]. Types: Probably at ZMB. [The material cited by Zarske, Géry (1995:110) are probably syntypes of Hemigrammus caudovittatus . There are two uncatalogued lots at ZMB identified as Hemigrammus caudovittatus , with labels indicating that they are syntypes: ZMB uncatalogued with 6 specimens and ZMB uncatalogued with 141 specimens].

Hyphessobrycon erythrurus Ahl, 1928a:319 . Type locality: Südamerika, vermutlich Amazonenstrom. Holotype: ZMB 20828 .

Distribution: 344, 343, 329, 330, 332, 345 (FR Carvalho, pers. obs.).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon bifasciatus (Garavello, Sampaio, 2010)

Astyanax bifasciatus Garavello, Sampaio, 2010:856 , fig. 6. Type locality: Rio Iguaçu , marginal ponds at Avenida das Torres, at side of Reserva do Cambuí, São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 105961 .

Distribution: 346 (Garavello, Sampaio, 2010).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon bockmanni ( Vari, Castro, 2007)

Astyanax bockmanni Vari, Castro, 2007:151 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Goiás, Rio Paranaíba basin, Município de Catalão, Córrego Fundo , just above bridge along dirt road, right hand tributary of Rio San Marcos , 18°07’29”S, 47°43’27”W. Holotype: LIRP 5638 .

Distribution: 344 ( Vari, Castro, 2007).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon chico (Casciotta, Almirón, 2004)

Astyanax chico Casciotta, Almirón, 2004:12 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Argentina, Jujuy Province, río San Francisco basin, río de Zora in route 34. Holotype: MACN-Ict 8673.

Distribution: 342 (Casciotta, Almirón, 2004).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon correntinus (Holmberg, 1891)

Tetragonopterus correntinus Holmberg, 1891:188 . Type locality: Corrientes, Río Paraná, Argentina. No types known.

Distribution: 345 (Mirande et al., 2006).

Remarks: Species redescribed by Mirande et al. (2006). Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon dissensus (Lucena, Thofehrn, 2013)

Astyanax dissensus Lucena, Thofehrn, in Lucena , Castro , Bertaco , 2013:538, figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Candiota , arroio Candiota , downstream of Thermoelectric Power Plant , rio Jaguarão drainage, 31°34’36”S, 53°40’22”W. Holotype: MCP 47000 .

Distribution: 332, 333, 334 (Lucena et al., 2013).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon eigenmanniorum (Cope, 1894)

Tetragonopterus eigenmanniorum Cope, 1894a:89 , Pl. 6 (fig. 8). Type locality: Rio Grande do Sul. [ Brazil]. Lectotype: ANSP 21598 . [Designated by Fowler (1906:346). Treated as holotype by Böhlke (1984:45), and Vari, Castro (2007:159)].

Distribution: 332, 333, 334, 335, 345 (Malabarba, 1989; Vari, Castro, 2007; Lucena et al., 2013; Santos et al., 2022:3).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10). Redescribed by Santos et al., 2022.

Psalidodon endy (Mirande, Aguilera, Azpelicueta, 2006)

Astyanax endy Mirande, Aguilera, Azpelicueta, 2006b:59 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Argentina: Salta, Orán, Río Bermejo basin, tributary of Río Bermejo in its intersection with Ruta Provincial 19, near Estancia Santa Rosa (22°43’18”S, 64°24’13”W; approximately 440 meters above sea level). Holotype: CI-FML 3834.

Distribution: 342 (Mirande et al., 2006b).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon erythropterus (Holmberg, 1891)

Tetragonopterus erythropterus Holmberg, 1891:189 . Type locality: República Argentina, Rio de la Plata: Paraná, Buenos Ayres. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. [Soneira et al, 2010].

Distribution: 345 (Soneira et al., 2010).

Remarks: Species redescribed by Soneira et al. (2010). Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819)

Chalceus fasciatus Cuvier, 1819:352 , Pl. 26 (fig. 2). Type locality: Brésil. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: MNHN A-9896 (2), A-8653 and A-8654 (2).

Tetragonopterus viejita Valenciennes , in Cuvier, Valenciennes, 1850:154. Type locality: Lagune de Maracaibo. [ Venezuela]. Syntypes: MNHN A-9820 (2, poor condition) Lake Maracaibo , A-8656 (1, dry) Brazil. Considered a provisional synonym by Lima et al., 2003:109; not from rio São Francisco drainage (region 327).

Astyanax carolinae Gill, 1870:92 . Type locality: River Napo or Marañon. [some species described by Gill (1870) were based on specimens from the Pacific versant of the Andes; see comments for Tetragonopterus ortonii herein]. Holotype: USNM 8225 . Considered a provisional synonym by Lima et al., 2003:109; not from rio São Francisco drainage (region 327).

Tetragonopterus cuvieri Lütken, 1875c:131 [5]. Type locality: fluminibus S. Francisco et Rio das Velhas cum affluentibus. [Minas Gerais, Brazil]. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9581 (2); ZMB 9198 (2) ; ZMUC 306 , 308 , 310 , 312 , 314 , 315 , 328 , 329 , 363 .

Astyanax heterurus Eigenmann, Wilson , in Eigenmann, Henn, Wilson, 1914:11. Type locality: Turando. [Colombia]. Holotype: FMNH 56577. [Ibarra, Stewart (1987:13)]. Suggested as a provisional synonym of Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier 1819) (= Psalidodon fasciatus ) in Lima et al. (2003:109).

Astyanax hanstroemi Dahl, 1943:217 [3], figure. Type locality: Rio Batatal , tributary to Rio San Jorge , Magdalena system. Municipio of Ayapel , department of Bolivar, Republic of Colombia. Holotype: ZMUL. Considered a provisional synonym by Lima et al., 2003:109; not from rio São Francisco drainage (region 327).

Astyanax fasciatus orteguasae Fowler, 1943d:237 , fig. 16. Type locality: Florencia, Rio Orteguasa , Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 70498 . Considered a provisional synonym by Lima et al., 2003:109; not from rio São Francisco drainage (region 327).

Distribution: 327 (Melo, Buckup, 2006).

Remarks: Melo, Buckup (2006) suggested that the species name should only be applied to specimens from the rio São Francisco drainage. Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon gymnodontus Eigenmann, 1911

Psalidodon gymnodontus Eigenmann, 1911c:166 , Pl. 4 (figs. 2–3). Type locality: Porto União , Rio Iguassú. [ Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54574 .

Distribution: 346 (Pavanelli, Oliveira, 2009).

Psalidodon gymnogenys (Eigenmann, 1911)

Astyanax gymnogenys Eigenmann, 1911c:179 , Pl. 9. Type locality: Porto União , Rio Iguassú. [ Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54707 .

Astyanax longirhinus Garavello, Sampaio, 2010:853 , fig. 4. Type locality: Rio Iguaçu, downstream of Salto Santiago dam, between Laranjeiras do Sul and Chopinzinho, Laranjerias do Sul, Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 105954. [Type series of the species is a mixture of different species (Oliveira et al., 2019:237)]. Synonymy with Astyanax gymnogenys Eigenmann, 1911 (= Psalidodon gymnogenys ) proposed by Oliveira et al., 2019.

Distribution: 346 (Oliveira et al., 2019).

Remarks: Species redescribed by Oliveira et al., 2019. Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon hermosus (Miquelarena, Protogino, López, 2005)

Astyanax hermosus Miquelarena, Protogino, López, 2005:14 , fig. 1. Type locality: San Francisco River , Primero River basin, Valle Hermoso (31°07’S, 64°29’W), Punilla Department, Córdoba Province, Argentina. Holotype: CFA-IC-11690. [Bogan et al., 2019:12].

Distribution: 339 (Miquelarena et al., 2005).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon ita (Almirón, Azpelicueta, Casciotta, 2002)

Astyanax ita Almirón, Azpelicueta, Casciotta, 2002:4 , figs. 1–4. Type locality: Argentina, province of Misiones , Río Iguazú basin, Arroyo Tateto (25°47’12,8”S, 53°58’12,9”W). Holotype: MLP 9599 .

Distribution: 346 (Almirón et al., 2002).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon jequitinhonhae (Steindachner, 1877)

Tetragonopterus rutilus var. jequitinhonhae Steindachner, 1877:577 , 693, Pl. 2 (fig. 3). Type locality: Jequitinhonha. [ Rio Jequitinhonha , Brazil]. Syntypes: NMW 57759–61 (5, 3, 6).

Distribution: 328 (Steindachner, 1877)

Remarks: Considered a provisional synonym by Lima et al., 2003:108; and a valid species by Terán et al., 2020:10 and Salgado, 2021b:4.

Psalidodon leonidas (Azpelicueta, Casciotta, Almirón, 2002)

Astyanax leonidas Azpelicueta, Casciotta, Almirón, 2002:245 , figs. 1–4, 6, 8, 12. Type locality: Argentina, Misiones , río Paraná basin, headwaters of arroyo Urugua-í (26°10’S, 53°41’W). Holotype: MLP 9580 .

Distribution: 345 (Azpelicueta et al., 2002).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon marionae (Eigenmann, 1911)

Astyanax marionae Eigenmann, 1911c:175 , Pl. 7 (fig. 3). Type locality: Six miles from San Louiz de Caceres. [ Brazil]. Holotype: FMNH 54711 .

Distribution: 343 (Britski et al., 1999).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon ojiara (Azpelicueta, Garcia, 2000)

Astyanax ojiara Azpelicueta, Garcia, 2000:246 , figs. 1–13. Type locality: Argentina, province of Misiones , arroyo Benítez, headwaters of río Yaboty, an affluent of río Uruguay. Holotype: MLP 9470 .

Distribution: 333 (Azpelicueta, Garcia, 2000).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon pampa (Casciotta, Almirón, Azpelicueta, 2005)

Astyanax pampa Casciotta, Almirón, Azpelicueta, 2005:402 , figs. 1–4. Type locality: Argentina, Province of Buenos Aires, arroyo Las Mostazas (38°5’S, 61°27’W). Holotype: MACN-ict 8651.

Distribution: 339, 347 (Pérez, 2008).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon parahybae (Eigenmann, 1908)

Astyanax fasciatus parahybae Eigenmann, 1908:97 . Type locality: Rio Parahyba, Mendez, Muriahe, and Taubaté. [ Brazil]. Lectotype: MCZ 20685 . [Designated by Melo (2001:29)].

Distribution: 329, 352 (Melo, 2001).

Remarks: Species redescribed by Melo (2001). Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:10).

Psalidodon paranae (Eigenmann, 1914)

Astyanax scabripinnis var. paranae Eigenmann, 1914b:47 . Type locality: Parana. [Upper rio Tibagi, Castro, Paraná State, Brazil, according to Garutti, Britski (2000:81)]. Holotype: CAS 22555.

Distribution: 344 (Garutti, Britski, 2000; Oliveira et al., 2019).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:11).

Psalidodon pellegrini (Eigenmann, 1907)

Astyanax pelegrini Eigenmann , in Eigenmann, McAtee, Ward, 1907:136, Pl. 40 (fig. 3). Type locality: Basin of the Paraguay and Bahia Negra. [ Paraguay]. Syntypes: AMNH 1447 (2); CAS 39350 (1), CAS 39351 (2), CAS 39352 (1), CAS 39353 (1), 39355 (1).

Distribution: 343 (Mirande et al., 2006; Brancolini et al., 2011).

Remarks: Comments on Astyanax pellegrini (= Psalidodon pellegrini ) in Mirande et al. (2006:13). See Géry (2006) for comments on the use of the species name pellegrini instead of pelegrini. Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:11) (as pelegrini).

Psalidodon powelli (Terán, Butí, Mirande, 2017)

Astyanax powelli Terán, Butí, Mirande, 2017:2 , figs. 1. Type locality: Argentina, Catamarca Province, El Alto, Río Sucuma, tributary of the arheic Río Las Tunas , 28°14’21”S, 65°22’45”W, ca. 800 meters above sea level. Holotype: CI-FML 6797.

Distribution: 345 (Terán, Butí, Mirande, 2017).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:11).

Psalidodon puka (Mirande, Aguilera, Azpelicueta, 2007)

Astyanax puka Mirande, Aguilera, Azpelicueta, 2007:33 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Argentina, Tucumán, Monteros, Río Salí basin, Río Mandolo , under the bridge of Ruta Provincial 344, near Monteros City. Holotype: CI-FML 3844.

Distribution: 345 (Mirande et al., 2007; Terán et al., 2017).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:11).

Psalidodon pynandi (Casciotta, Almirón, Bechara, Roux, Ruíz Díaz, 2003)

Astyanax pynandi Casciotta, Almirón, Bechara, Roux, Ruíz Díaz, 2003:808 , figs. 1–4, 6–7. Type locality: Argentina, Corrientes, Esteros del Iberá, Laguna Iberá, Lobo-Cuá (28°32’S, 57°12’W). Holotype: MACN-Ict 8543.

Distribution: 345.

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:11).

Psalidodon rioparanaibanus Al’ves, Oliveira, Pasa, Kavalco, 2020

Psalidodon rioparanaibanus Alves, Oliveira, Pasa, Kavalco, 2020:810 , fig. 3. Type locality: Rita stream, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 19.187714”S, 46.236178”W. [(coordinates should be 19.187714°S 46.236178°W)]. Holotype: LaGEEvo 4011 - L12.

Distribution: 344 (Alves et al., 2020).

Psalidodon rivularis (Lütken, 1875)

Tetragonopterus rivularis Lütken, 1875c:132 [6]. Type locality: flumine Rio d. Velhas cum affluentibus. [ Brazil]. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-9582 (4), NMW 57707 (5) , SMNS 2046 (3) , ZMB 9199 (4) , ZMUC (49).

Distribution: 327 (Lütken, 1875c).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:11).

Psalidodon rutilus (Jenyns, 1842)

Tetragonopterus rutilus Jenyns, 1842:125 , Pl. 23 (figs. 2, 2a). Type locality: Rio Parana, South America. Holotype: BMNH 1917.7 .14.14.

Salmo ovatus Larranãga, 1923:388 . Type locality: Uruguay. No types known. Synonymy uncertain.

Distribution: 345 (Melo, Buckup, 2006).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:11).

Psalidodon schubarti (Britski, 1964)

Astyanax schubarti Britski, 1964:214 , fig. Type locality: Rio Mogi Guassu em Emas, São Paulo, a jusante da barragem. [ Brazil]. Holotype: MZUSP 4263 .

Distribution: 344 (Britski, 1964; Castro, Vari, 2004).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:11).

Psalidodon troya (Azpelicueta, Casciotta, Almirón, 2002)

Astyanax troya Azpelicueta, Casciotta, Almirón, 2002:249 , figs. 5, 7, 10–11, 13–18, 20–21. Type locality: Argentina, Misiones, arroyo Cuñapirú Chico , near its mouth in the arroyo Cuñapirú, an affluent of río Paraná. Holotype: MACN 8310.

Distribution: 345 (Azpelicueta et al., 2002).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:11).

Psalidodon tumbayaensis (Miquelarena, Menni, 2005)

Astyanax tumbayaensis Miquelarena, Menni, 2005:663 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: manmade channel near the road crossing the village of Tumbaya (23°51’ S- 65°28’ W), Grande River basin, Jujuy Province, Argentina. Holotype: CFA-IC 11702. [Bogan et al., 2019:12].

Distribution: 342 (Miquelarena, Menni, 2005).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:11).

Psalidodon xavante (Garutti, Venere, 2009)

Astyanax xavante Garutti, Venere, 2009:378 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, creek tributary to the córrego Avoadeira, inside the Parque Estadual da Serra Azul , approx. 15°53’S, 52°15’W. Holotype: MZUSP 100375 .

Distribution: 324 (Garutti, Venere, 2009).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:11).

Psalidodon xiru (Lucena, Castro, Bertaco, 2013)

Astyanax xiru Lucena, Castro, Bertaco , 2013:544, figs. 7–8. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Sapiranga , rio Feitoria , rio Caí drainage, 29°38’10”S, 51°00’28”W. Holotype: MCP 19986 .

Distribution: 332, 333, 334 (Lucena et al., 2013; Bertaco et al., 2016).

Remarks: Placed in Psalidodon by Terán et al. (2020:11).