Cyanopterus flavator (Fabricius 1793)

Petersen-Silva, Ricardo, Pujade-Villar, Juli, Naves, Pedro, Edmundo Sousa, & Belokobylskij, Sergey, 2012, Parasitoids of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), vector of the pine wood nematode, with identification key for the Palaearctic region, ZooKeys 251, pp. 29-48 : 33-34

Cyanopterus flavator (Fabricius 1793) Figures 1d7b, d, g

Material examined.

Portugal: 1 female, "Leiria, 14/6/2011", "Ensaio Pupas Natural", "Col. Entomologica, est. Florestal", “13”; 1 female, same labels, 17.VI.2011, N 12. " Leiria, Larvas Artificial": 1 female, N 26; 1 female, N 27. "Leiria, Posturas Artificial": 1 female, 31.VIII.2011, N 25; 1 female, N 27. "Leiria, Ensaio, Posturas Artificial": 1 male, 31.VIII.2011, N 21. "Vale Feitoso": 1 female, N 9; 1 female, N 10; 1 male, N 11; 1 female, N 14; 1 female, N 15; 1 female, N 16; 1 female, N 17.

Distribution.

Palaearctic: Algeria, Croatia, Cyprus, former Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Latvia, Morocco, Netherland, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Kingdom, former Yugoslavia ( Yu et al. 2005) and Portugal ( Naves et al. 2005).

Hosts.

Bostrichus capucinus (Linnaeus) ( Bostrichidae ); Acanthocinus griseus (Fabricius), Acanthoderes clavipes (Schrank), Hesperophanes pallidus (Olivier), Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier), Monochamus sartor (Fabricius), Morimus asper (Sulzer), Phymatodes testaceus (Linnaeus), Pogonochaerus fasciculatus (Degeer), Pogonochaerus hispidus (Linnaeus), Rhagium inquisitor (Linnaeus), Saperda scalaris (Linnaeus) ( Cerambycidae ) ( Yu et al. 2005), and Monochamus rosenmulleri (Cederhjelm) ( Watanabe 1937).

Biology.

The biology of this parasitoid is poorly known, but in this study all the specimens emerged from cocoons from the xylemic galleries of Monochamus galloprovincialis , which were not completely sealed with frass, as it is normal. Considering the length of the ovipositor of Cyanopterus flavator , it is apparent that only first larval instars of Monochamus galloprovincialis (found beneath the bark) are parasitized, which subsequently enter the wood carrying the parasitoid. Only the mandibles of the host larvae were found in galleries with cocoons.

Remark.

Monochamus galloprovincialis as a host of Cyanopterus flavator was already recorded by Campadelli and Scaramozzino (1994) for Italy and Naves et al. (2005) for Portugal.