Microlicia parviflora (D.Don) Versiane & R.Romero, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197: 54. 2021.

Pacifico, Ricardo, Almeda, Frank, Penneys, Darin S. & Fidanza, Karina, 2022, Systematics of the Trembleya sensu stricto clade of Microlicia (Melastomataceae, Lavoisiereae), PhytoKeys 216, pp. 1-101 : 1

6. Microlicia parviflora (D.Don) Versiane & R.Romero, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 197: 54. 2021.

Fig. 24

Meriania parviflora D.Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 4: 323. 1823. basionym. Type: Brazil. F. Sellow s.n. (lectotype, designated here: G [G00396696]!; probable isolectotype: P [P05317745]!).

Trembleya heterostemon Mart. & Schrank ex DC., Prod. 3: 126. 1828. syn. nov. Type: Brazil. "In Brasiliae subalpinis ad fontes in prov. Minarum Generalium" [Minas Gerais], C.F.P. Martius 961 (lectotype, designated here: M [M0165884]!; isolectotypes: G [G00310210]!, M [M0165883]!).

Trembleya triflora Mart. & Schrank ex DC., Prod. 3: 126. 1828. syn. nov. Type: Brazil. "In sylvis caeduis prope Villam-Riceam prov. Minarum generalium" [Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto], 1827, C.F.P. Martius s.n. (lectotype, designated here: M [M0165882]!; isolectotypes: G [G00310209]!, P [P00723390]!; image of isolectotype at P is available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00723390).

Trembleya paniculata Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Sér. 3, 2: 154. 1844. Type: Brazil. "In campis circa Juruoca in prov. Minas Geraës” [Minas Gerais], 1816-1821, [catal. D, n° 462] A. Saint-Hilaire s.n (lectotype, first-step designated by Martin and Cremers (2007), second-step designated here: P [P00723414]!; isolectotype: P [P00723415]!; image of lectotype is available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00723414).

Trembleya parviflora (D.Don) Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 127. 1883. Type: Based on Meriania parviflora D.Don.

Trembleya parviflora subsp. heterostemon (Mart. & Schrank ex DC.) Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 128. 1883. syn. nov. Type: Based on Trembleya heterostemon Mart. & Schrank ex DC.

Trembleya parviflora subsp. triflora (Mart. & Schrank ex DC.) Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 129. 1883. syn. nov. Type: Based on Trembleya triflora Mart. & Schrank ex DC.

Trembleya parviflora var. angustifolia Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 128. 1883. syn. nov. Type: Brazil. "In prov. Rio de Janeiro ad Serra dos Orgâos” [Rio de Janeiro], 1838, G. Gardner 379 (lectotype, designated here: P [P005317041]!; isolectotypes: BR [BR0000005520404]!, NY [NY00245857-online image]!, US [US00623960]!; image of lectotype is available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p05317041).

Trembleya parviflora var. denticulata Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 129. 1883. syn. nov. Type: Brazil. "In prov. S. Paulo ad Paitura" [ São Paulo], 1846, Prates s.n. (lectotype, designated here: P [P00723407]!; isolectotypes: P [P00723406]!, P [P00723408]!; image of lectotype is available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00723407).

Trembleya parviflora var. farinacea Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 128. 1883. syn. nov. Type: Brazil. "In campo sicco apricot vel umbroso ad Caldas prov. Minas Geraës” [Minas Gerais, Caldas], H. Mosen 1971 (lectotype, designated here: R [R000166846]!; isolectotypes: C [C10015104]!, P [P005317106]!; image of isolectotype at P is available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p05317106).

Trembleya parviflora var. latifolia Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 128. 1883. syn. nov. Type: Brazil. "In prov. Rio de Janeiro ad Serra dos Orgâos”, 1838, G. Gardner 380 (lectotype, designated here: P [P00723401]!; isolectotypes: BR [BR0000005225798]!, F [F0064040F]!, G [G00359408]!, G [G00368014-online image]!, NY [NY00217747]!, NY [NY00245859]!, P [P00723402]!, S [S05-3227]]!, US [US00623963]!; image of lectotype is available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00723401).

Trembleya parviflora var. martii Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 129. 1883. syn. nov. Type: Brazil. "In prov. Minas Geraës ad Serra do Ouro Preto" [Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto], C.F.P. Martius 931 (lectotype, designated here: P [P005317103]!; isolectotypes: BM, G [G00368009]!, G [G00318575]!, M [M0165879]!, M [M0165880]!, MO [MO-2267366]!, P [P005317750]!, P [P005317751]!; image of lectotype is available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p05317103).

Trembleya parviflora var. multiflora Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 129. 1883. syn. nov. Type: Brazil. "Ayuruoca, Minas Gerais’”, 17 April 1878, A.F.M. Glaziou 9454 (lectotype, designated here: R [R000009197]!; isolectotypes: BR [BR0000005226733]!, BR [BR0000005226405]!, BR [BR0000005227068]!, C [C10015105-online image]!, G [G00368008]!, G [G00318573-online image]!, S [S-0912956-online image]!, P [P005317099]!, P [P005317057]!; image of isolectotype at P is available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p05317099).

Trembleya parviflora var. parvifolia Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 129. 1883. syn. nov. Type: Brazil. "In prov. Minas Geraës ad Rio das Pedras" [Minas Gerais], F. Sellow 1154 (lectotype, designated here: US [US00623966-online image]!; image of lectotype is available at http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/392812a8c-782b-431c-b2fc-3644dcfad16e).

Trembleya parviflora var. selloana Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 128. 1883. syn. nov. Type: Brazil. "In prov. Minas Gerais" [Minas Gerais], F. Sellow 5278 (lectotype, designated here: P [P00723410]!; image of lecotype is available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00723410).

Trembleya parviflora var. tomentosa Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 128). syn. nov. Type: Brazil. "In prov. Rio de Janeiro ad Serra dos Orgâos” [Rio de Janeiro], J.B.A. Guillemin 946 (lectotype, designated here: P [P005317767]!; isolectotypes: G [G00368013]!, P [P00723409]!; image of lectotype is available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p05317767).

Trembleya parviflora var. triflora (Mart. & Schrank ex DC.) Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 129. 1883. syn. nov. Type: Based on Trembleya triflora Mart. & Schrank ex DC.

Trembleya parviflora var. valtheri Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 128. 1883. syn. nov. Type: Brazil. "In prov. Minas Geraës” [Minas Gerais], 1833, M. Vauthier 43 (lectotype, designated here: P [P00723403]!; isolectotypes: BR [BR0000005226375]!, G [G00368012]!, G [G00318569]!, P [P00723404]!, P [P00723405]!; image of lectotype is available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00723405).

Trembleya parviflora var. vulgaris Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 128. 1883. syn. nov. Type: Brazil. "In prov. Minas Geraës” [Minas Gerais], 1840, G. Gardner 4602 (lectotype, designated here: R [R000168427]!, isolectotypes: NY [NY00245860]!, NY [NY00245861]!, US; image of isolectotype at NY is available at http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/vh/specimen_details.php?irn=535234).

Trembleya parviflora var. warmingii Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 128. 1883. syn. nov. Type: Brazil. "In prov. Minas Gerais ad Lagoa Santa" [Minas Gerais, Lagoa Santa], E. Warming s.n. (lectotype, designated here: P [P005317116]!; isolectotypes: BR [BR0000005520732]!; C [C10015107-online image]!; image of lectotype is available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p05317116).

Trembleya parviflora var. widgrenii Cogn. in Martius et al., Fl. Bras. 14(3): 128. 1883. syn. nov. Type: Brazil. "In prov. Rio de Janeiro" [Rio de Janeiro], Widgren s.n. (lectotype, designated here: P [P005317115]!; isolectotypes: BR [BR0000005227044]!, PH [PH00027744]!, S [S-053231]!; image of lectotype is available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p05317115).

Trembleya parviflora var. heterophylla Cogn. in de Candolle & de Candolle [A.D.C. & C.DC.], Monogr. Phan. 7: 75. 1891. syn. nov. Type: Brazil. "In prov. Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo" [Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo], 31 July 1877, A.F.M. Glaziou 16778 (lectotype, designated here: R [R000009196]!; isolectotypes: C [C10015106]!, G [G00368010]!, G [G00368011]!, L [L0056325]! P [P00723411]!, P [P00723412]!, P [P00723413]!; image of isolectotype at P is available at http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00723411).

Description.

Erect shrubs or treelets 0.7-4.0 m tall. Branchlets quadrangular, always glandular-punctate and usually pruinose-granulose, eventually sparsely to densely covered with gland-tipped trichomes 0.1-0.9 mm long, rarely covered with rigid hyaline eglandular trichomes 0.1-0.5 mm long, light green (when fresh). Internodes 0.6-3.8 cm long, angles unwinged. Petioles 1-15 mm long. Leaf blades 12-117 mm long, 3-38 mm wide, papyraceous (when dry), elliptic to narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, rarely obovate, adaxial surface green and partially covered by a thin layer of whitish indumentum, abaxial surface totally concealed by the white lanose indumentum (when fresh), adaxial surface blackened and abaxial surface pale green to pale brown (when dry), discoloured (when dry), base attenuate, apex acute to obtuse, margin flat or slightly revolute, entire to slightly serrulate and glabrescent, granulose or granular-punctate or ciliate with gland-tipped trichomes 0.1-0.9 mm long, 5-nerved from the base, one pair of acrodromous veins and one pair of tenuous veins close to the margin, tertiaries evident on the abaxial surface, nearly perpendicular to the mid-vein, reticulate and randomly branching, adaxial surface glandular-punctate, usually pruinose and becoming glabrescent with age, abaxial surface glandular-punctate and usually pruinose, eventually sparsely to densely covered with gland-tipped or eglanduar trichomes 0.1-0.9 mm long. Inflorescences simple or compound dichasia consisting of with biparous cymes, not congested. Bracts (including petioles) 0.7-1.6 cm long, 0.1-0.6 cm wide, 3-nerved, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, indumentum like that of the principal leaves. Bracteoles (at anthesis) with petioles 0.9-1.9 mm long, blades 2.2-3.8 mm long, 0.5-1.0 mm wide, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, base attenuate, apex acute to obtuse, margin entire, 1-3-nerved, indumentum like that of the principal leaves. Flowers 5(-6)-merous, pedicels (at anthesis) 1.1-2.0 mm long. Hypanthia (at anthesis) 1.9-2.8 mm long, 1.5-2.2 mm wide at the torus, campanulate to urceolate, light green, sometimes with reddish stains (when fresh), externally always glandular-punctate and usually pruinose, eventually sparsely to densely covered with gland-tipped trichomes 0.1-0.9 mm long, rarely covered with rigid hyaline eglandular trichomes 0.1-0.5 mm long. Calyx tubes 0.2-0.7 mm long. Calyx lobes (at anthesis) 0.7-2.5(-3.0) mm long, 0.9-1.5 mm wide at the base, triangular, apex acute, acuminate or apiculate, margin entire, (when fresh) light green or reddish, externally like the hypanthia. Petals 4.5-8.1 mm long, 3.0-4.9 mm wide, white, usually flushed with pink at the base and around the veins, rarely entirely pink, obovate, apex emarginate, rounded or acute, margin entire, glabrous or ciliate with eglandular or gland-tipped trichomes 0.1-0.4 mm long at the apical region, both surfaces glabrous. Stamens 10(-12), strongly dimorphic. Larger (antesepalous) stamens 5(-6), filaments 3.5-4.0 mm long, white or pink, pedoconnectives 3.0-4.0 mm long, white or pink, appendages 0.7-1.5 mm long, yellow, apex emarginate to bilobate, thecae (excluding rostra) 0.8-1.3 mm long, red to vinaceous, oblong, rostra 0.2-0.4 mm long, the circular pores 0.1-0.2 mm wide. Smaller (antepetalous) stamens 5(6), filaments 2.0-3.1 mm long, white or pink, pedoconnectives 0.2-0.5 mm long, white or pink, inconspicuous appendages ca. 0.1 mm long, yellow or pink, apex emarginate, thecae (excluding rostra) 0.8-1.3 mm long, yellow, oblong, rostra 0.2-0.4 mm long, the circular pores ca. 0.2 mm wide. Ovary 1.8-2.2 mm long, 1.6-1.8 mm wide, globose, 5-locular. Style 3.0-3.6 mm long, white or pink. Capsules (at maturity) 2.9-5.0 mm long, 2.5-4.0 mm wide, globose, initially enveloped by the hypanthium, torus constricted at the apex, fruiting calyx tubes 0.2-1.0 mm long, fruiting calyx lobes 1.2-2.9(-3.5) mm long, not thickened. Seeds 0.3-0.6 mm long, reniform.

Representative specimens

(one specimen selected for each municipality of occurrence). Bahia: Abaíra, Ganev 879 (HUEFS, NY, SPF); Andaraí, Orlandi et al. 778 (MBM); Lençóis, Carvalho 1086 (CEPEC, RB, SPF); Miguel Calmon, Guedes et al. 12092 (ALCB); Morro do Chapéu, Hage et al. 2317 (CEPEC, MBM, RB); Mucugê, Roque 2869 (ALCB); Palmeiras, Bautista 1347 (CEPEC); Piatã, Ganev 965 (HUEFS, SPF); Ribeirão do Largo, Carvalho 6986 (CEPEC, NY); Rio de Contas, Carvalho et al. 6651 (CEPEC); Seabra, Irwin et al. 31141 (NY); Utinga, Samento & Bautista 859 (RB); Wenceslau Guimarães, Goldenberg & Michelangeli 2093 (UPCB). Distrito Federal: Brasília, Azevedo et al. 675 (CAS); Taguatinga, Irwin et al. 8149 (SP). Espírito Santo: Domingos Martins, Pereira 309 (CEPEC, SP); Dores do Rio Preto, Monge et al. 2595 (UEC); Fundão, Kollmann 231 (RB, UPCB); Itaguaçu, Brade et al. 18205 (RB); Iúna, Fontana et al. 7678 (UPCB); Marechal Floriano, Hatschbach et al. 74974 (FURB, HCF, MBM); Santa Rita de Jacutinga, Krieger 8857 (MBM); Santa Teresa, Martinelli et al. 10932 (RB). Goiás: Alto Paraiso de Goiás, Marquete et al. 2332 (RB, US); Cocalzinho de Goiás, Versiane et al. 305 (HUFU, RB); Corumbá de Goiás, Irwin et al. 34521 (NY); Cristalina, Monteiro 78 (RB, SPF, UPCB); Pirenópolis, Delprete 9205 (RB). Minas Gerais: Aiuruoca, Glaziou 9454 (P); Alagoa, Guiamarães 333 (RB); Alto Caparaó, Hatschbach & Guimarães 55455 (MBM); Baependi, Souza et al. 1013 (CESJ, MBM); Barão de Cocais, Fontana 2309 (RB, UPCB); Barbacena, Barreto 4621 (SP); Barroso, Assis et al. 520 (MBM); Belo Horizonte, Vidal s.n. (CEN [46402]); Boa Esperança, Silva s.n. (UPCB [52391]); Bom Jardim de Minas, Krieger et al. 24423 (SPF); Brumadinho, Martens 524 (SPF); Buenópolis, Davis et al. 2298 (UEC); Buritizeiro, Hatschbach et al. 75995 (MBM); Caeté, Paula & Grandi s.n. (BHCB [7956], MBM [178326]); Carandaí, Costa 451 (RB); Carangola, Leoni 1 (SPF); Carmésia, Stehmann 2532 (ESA); Carrancas, Sobral et al. 14085 (RB); Catas Altas, Oliveira et al. 508 (BHCB, RB); Conceição do Ibitipoca, Oliveira 25197 (CESJ, RB); Conceição do Mato Dentro, Guarçoni & Sartori 1367 (HUFU); Coromandel, Brandão 14509 (HUFU); Cristália, Hatschbach 41498 (MBM, US); Delfinópolis, Romero & Nakajima 3432 (HUFU); Diamantina, Hatschbach & Pelanda 28014 (MBM); Espera Feliz, Foster & Leoni 64 (ESA); Estrela do Sul, Costa et al. 60 (HUFU); Extrema, Yamamoto 1549 (UEC); Gouveia, Hatschbach 27277 (MBM); Grão Mogol, Cavalcanti CFCR8314 (SPF); Itabira, Faria et al. 1332 (HUFU); Itabirito, Brandão 22298 (HUFU); Itamonte, Batista & Naves 405 (UEC); João Pinheiro, Heringer 8544/736 (UB, US); Joaquim Felício, Cavalcanti et al. CFCR8035 (SPF, UEC); Lagoa Santa, Warming s.n. (BR [BR0000005520732], C [C10015107], P [P005317116]); Lavras, Avezum & Almeida 10 (SPF); Lima Duarte, Heluey & Castro 108 (RB); Manhuaçu, Hatschbach & Silva 49393 (HUEM, MBM); Mariana, Lombardi 4045 (BHCB, ESA); Moeda, Silva & Grandi 6627 (HUFU); Nova Lima, Williams & Assis 7274 (SP); Ouro Branco, Delfini et al. 97 (ESA, RB); Ouro Preto, Colletta 161 (SPF), Martius 931 (BM, G, M, MO, P); Paracatu, Bovini & Barros 3235 (RB); Passa Quatro, Meireles et al. 1766 (RB, UEC); Patrocínio, Farah et al. 580 (ESA, HUEM); Perdizes, Mendes & Araújo 970 (SPF); Piuhmhi, Emygdio 3613 (NY, R); Poços de Caldas, Oliveira 1013 (US); Prados, Sobral et al. 12797 (UPCB); Presidente Soares, Hatschbach et al. 55434 (MBM); Rio Acima [Gandarela], Emygdio 3312 (NY, R); Rio Pardo de Minas, Sevilha et al. 7075 (CEN); Rio Preto, Barros & Feteira 1625 (RB); Rio Vermelho, Mello-Silva et al. CFCR7836 (SPF); Rosário de Limeira, Marcolino 222 (RB); Sabará, Barreto 6759 (BHCB, SP); Sacramento, Romero et al. 2155 (MBM); Santa Bárbara, Barreto 6757 (BHCB, SP); Santa Bárbara do Monte Verde, Pivari 15 (MBM); Santana de Pirapama, Zappi et al. 2504 (SPF); Santana do Riacho, Pacifico 191 (HUEM); Santos Dumont, Mello-Silva et al. 1217 (SPF); São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, Foresto et al. 59 (SPF); São Gonçalo do Sapucaí, Hatschbach 26964 (MBM); São João Batista da Glória, Kinoshita et al. 43767 (HUEM); São João del Rei, Barreto 4654 (SP, US); São Roque de Minas, Pacifico 413 (CAS, HUEM); São Tomé das Letras, Valente & Azevedo 57 (RB); Serro, Almeda et al. 9076 (CAS, UEC); Tapira, Salgado 167 (RB); Tiradentes, Alves 600 (R); Tombos, Fraga & Saddi 1786 (CEPEC, RB); Uberlândia, Romero & Nakajima 3021 (HUFU); Unknown municipality in Minas Gerais State, Gardner 4602 (NY, R, US), Martius 961 (G, M), Mosen 1971 (C, P, R), Saint-Hilaire s.n. [D462] (P [P00723414], P [P00723415]), Sellow 1154 (US), Sellow 5278 (P), Vauthier 43 [part] (BR, G, P), Widgren 967 (BR). Paraná: Adrianópolis, Camargo et al. 109 (UPCB); Antonina, Hatschbach & Guimarães 56167 (MBM); Araponga, Caiafa & Umbelino 172 (UPCB, VIC); Arapoti, Hatschbach 6908 (MBM); Balsa Nova, Hatschbach et al. 42967 (MBM); Bocaiúva do Sul, Ribas et al. 6769 (MBM, UPCB); Campina Grande do Sul, Brotto & Vieira 1921 (MBM); Colombo, Hatschbach 647 (MBM, RB); Jaguariaíva, Ribas et al. 8528 (MBM); Ortigueira, Silva et al. 6478 (MBMB, UNOP); Palmeira, Hatschbach 2775 (MBM); Piraí do Sul, Goldenberg et al. 1652 (NY, UPCB); Ponta Grossa, Silva & Koch 7610 (MBM); Rio Branco do Sul, Silva & Abe 2310 (MBM); Sengés, Hatschbach 39954 (MBM); Tibagi, Kirizawa 3665 (SP); Tunas do Paraná, Brotto 2600 (MBM, RB); Ventania, Estevan et al. 617 (UPCB). Rio de Janeiro: Bom Jardim, Hottz et al. 302 (MBM, RB); Duque de Caxias, Lima et al. 8445 (RB); Itatiaia, Baumgratz et al. 1127 (MBM, SPF); Miguel Pereira, Wängler & Ferreira 1352 (RB); Nova Friburgo, Forzza et al. 3427 (RB); Petrópolis, Vieira & Yamamoto 26186 (FUEL, RB, UEC); Resende, Eiten & Eiten 7305 (NY, P, RB, SP, US); Rio Claro, Moutinho et al. 76 (RB); Santa Maria Madalena, Lima 400 (US); Teresópolis, Duarte & Brade 1155 (RB); Unknown municipality in Rio de Janeiro state, Gardner 379 (BR, NY, P, US), Gardner 380 (BR, F, G, NY, P, S, US), Guillemin 921 (P), Guillemin 946 (G, P), Widgren s.n. (BR [BR0000005227044], PH-27744, S-53231). São Paulo: Apiaí, Souza et al. 6098 (ESA, RB); Bananal, Martinelli 19464 (RB); Bom Sucesso de Itararé, Aguiar 102 (MBM); Brotas, Queiroz 2808 (CEPEC); Campos do Jordão, N. da Cruz 135 (CAS, MBM); Cunha, Mamede et al. 666 (RB, SP); Eldorado, Pastore et al. 685 (RB); Iporanga, Souza et al. 5934 (SPF); Itapeva, Baitello et al. 2136 (UPCB); Itirapina, Tannus 760 (HUFU); Lavrinhas, Caddah et al. 636 (UPCB); Mogi Mirim, Hoehne 20521 (NY, SP); Pedregulho, Polisel et al. 176 (UPCB); Pindamonhangaba, Nicolau et al. 2212 (SP); Piquete, Gonçalves et al. 172 (RB); Rio Claro, Loefgren 557 (BHCB, SP); Santo André, Kirizawa et al. 2132 (SP); São Bernardo do Campo, Kuhlmann 4381 (SP); São Carlos, Eiten et al. 3019 (SP, US); São José do Barreiro, Handro 790 (NY); São José dos Campos, Mimura 479 (SP, US); São Paulo, Beraldo & França 85 (SPF); Ubatuba, Souza et al. 1108 (UPCB); Unknown municipality in São Paulo State, Prates s.n. (P [P00723407], P [P00723406, P [P00723408]). Unknown state: Bunbury s.n. (BR [BR0000005520374]), Glaziou 12704 (BR), Glaziou 16679 (BR), Glaziou 16778 (C, L, P), Glaziou 2579 (BR, P), Glaziou 8680 (BR, P), Glaziou 9454 (BR, C, G, P, R, S), Martius 989 (BR), Raben 409 (BR), Riedel s.n. (BR [BR0000005520367]), Sellow s.n. (lectotype: G [G00396696], probable isolectotype: P [P05317745]).

Distribution, habitat and elevation range.

Endemic to Brazil in the States of Bahia, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Paraná (Fig. 25A ). Trembleya parviflora is common in gallery forests surrounding campo rupestre, Cerrado, campo sujo, campo limpo. campos de altitude, Veredas (palm swamps), and margins of roads throughout Cerrado and Atlantic forest fragments, usually exposed to full sun, at elevations between 560 and 2223 m.

Ecology.

Microlicia parviflora is the most widely distributed species in the clade and the most studied from an ecological perspective. Giotto (2015) investigated plant occupation in palm swamps with very dense populations of M. parviflora , where seedlings of this species corresponded to 78% of the total seed bank. Silva (2003) reported a population density of 1.47 individuals per square metre in these areas. This elevated local dominance of M. parviflora negatively affects the overall plant species richness of these regions and is apparently favoured by reduction in humidity ( Giotto 2015), although M. parviflora occurs with large populations in both wet and dry areas ( Melo 2013). This species is strongly recommended for ecological restoration ( Amaral et al. 2013) because it readily colonises degraded campo rupestre. Leaf extracts of M. parviflora proved to have allelopathic properties, inhibiting root and shoot growth of Sesamum indicum ( Borghetti et al. 2005). According to Pereira (2011), leaves of M. parviflora develop increased asymmetry when damaged by insects.

Conservation.

This is the most abundant species in the Trembleya s.s. clade, with more than 1000 collections currently housed in herbaria. The EOO is 1,152,078.308 km2 and the AOO is 1,640 km2. Populations of M. parviflora are found in all conservation units that protect the remaining species of the clade. As it occurs in large and dense populations, some have claimed that M. parviflora has the potential to become an invasive species (e.g. Silva 2003). We are not aware of records of this species occupying regions outside its natural distributional range. Based on the IUCN (2019) recommendations and criteria, we recommend that a conservation status of Least Concern (LC) be assigned to this species.

Recognition and affinities.

Microlicia parviflora can be distinguished from its congeners by its leaves that are 5-nerved from the base, the abaxial surface glandular-punctate, sometimes covered with an indumentum of pedicellate trichomes (never dense enough to conceal the epidermis), three to many-flowered inflorescences, triangular calyx lobes 0.7-2.5(-3) mm long, petals white or pink and dimorphic stamens. Microlicia pentagona and M. trembleyiformis are somewhat similar to M. parviflora in leaf shape and venation and stamen morphology. Microlicia parviflora differs from M. pentagona by its leaves with tertiaries evident (vs. little evident), moderately reticulate and randomly branching (vs. parallel and/or branching apically), inflorescences (vs. solitary flowers) and triangular calyx lobes 0.7-2.5(-3) mm long (vs. subulate and 6.2-8.5 mm long) that are tenuous in fruit (vs. thickened). In turn, M. parviflora differs from M. trembleyiformis by the unwinged branchlets (vs. with narrow wings ca. 0.2 mm wide), flowers disposed in inflorescences (vs. flowers solitary), triangular calyx lobes (vs. narrowly-triangular) and consistently 5-locular ovaries (vs. 3-5-locular). For a comparison between M. parviflora and M. altoparaisensis , see notes under the latter species.

Notes.

The morphological variation found in M. parviflora is mainly related to leaf blade shape (varying from elliptic to ovate and lanceolate), indumentum on branches and abaxial leaf surface (always glandular-punctate, usually pruinose, eventually sparsely to densely covered with gland-tipped or eglandular trichomes 0.1-0.9 mm long) and inflorescence development (three- to many-flowered). The petals are usually white flushed with pink at the base, although some populations have entirely white petals, for example, in Serra de Carrancas ( Matsumoto and Martins 2005) and Serra Negra ( Justino et al. 2016) in Minas Gerais. Based on descriptions of M. parviflora in local floras, magenta-flowered and white-flowered variants of this species occur together in Poços de Caldas and Paque Estadual do Ibitipoca, both in Minas Gerais. In the Serra da Canastra, Romero (2000: 283) recognised a variant of M. parviflora as a distinct entity ( Trembleya sp.) characterised by tertiaries more evident, trichomes on the abaxial leaf surface with 3-4-lobed heads, inflorescence internodes 7-9 mm long and calyx lobes 2.5-3 mm long. Several other modal extremes were designated as types of infraspecific taxa by Cogniaux (1883-1888, 1891), for example, the specimen Prates s.n. (P [P00723407]; type of Trembleya parviflora var. denticulata ) has more conspicuous serrations on the leaf margin, whereas Guillemin 946 (P; type of Trembleya parviflora var. tomentosa ) has a denser indumentum on the branchlets. However, none of the mentioned variations is correlated with other characteristics in a meaningful way.

The 15 varieties of M. parviflora proposed by Cogniaux (1883-1888, 1891) were based exclusively on differences in leaf blade size, shape and apex and degree of inflorescence development. Based on a comprehensive sampling and analysis of representative collections from throughout the range of the species, it is clear that Cogniaux’s infraspecific taxonomy is artificial and untenable. In fact, many of the specimens examined had leaf sizes that do not fit into any of the infraspecific taxa proposed by Cogniaux (1883-1888, 1891). For example, the specimen Kinoshita et al. 10/19 (UEC) has leaves 1.5-8 cm long and could fit all varieties proposed, based on this feature. The features that Cogniaux (1883-1888) used to circumscribe the two subspecies are also imprecise and not diagnostic. After analysing several representative collections of M. parviflora , we did not find any specimen with clearly tetragonal and totally glabrous branches, both purported diagnostic features of M. parviflora subsp. triflora . Thus, given the highly polymorphic nature of M. parviflora , we do not recognise any infraspecific taxa in this species.

Like Microlicia cataphracta (Mart. & Schrank ex DC.) Versiane & R.Romero [= Lavoisiera imbricata (Thunb.) DC.], M. parviflora fits all the six criteria enumerated by Cronk (1998) to be considered as an ochlospecies (see Martins and Almeda 2017). Besides sharing outstanding levels of morphological variation, M. cataphracta and M. parviflora also have similar distributional ranges and usually occur in large populations. The reproductive biology, population characteristics, chemical composition and other ecological aspects of M. parviflora are summarised in other sections of this paper.

Martin and Cremers (2007) examined a supposed holotype of Trembleya paniculata at P. However, we found two duplicates of the same collection used by Naudin (1844) to describe Trembleya paniculata (Saint-Hilaire s.n., P [P00723414], P [P00723415]). Thus, we designated one of these sheets as the lectotype (P [P00723414]) and the other as an isolectotype (P [P00723415]) for Trembleya paniculata .

Figures

Figure 24. Microlicia parviflora A habit B leaf abaxial surface C bracteole abaxial surface D flower in lateral view E flowering hypanthium and pedicel F petal adaxial surface G detail of indumentum on the apex of the petal H antepetalous (left) and antesepalous (right) stamens I gynoecium J ovary in cross-section K capsule enveloped by the hypathium. Drawn from Souza-Buturi 328 (UEC) and Matsumoto et al. 428 (UEC).

Figure 25. Geographic distribution of species of the Trembleya s. s. clade of Microlicia A distributions of M. parviflora and M. tridentata B distributions of M. pentagona, M. pithyoides and M. rosmarinoides.