Dryadaula Meyrick, 1893

Yang, Lin-Lin & Li, Hou-Hun, 2021, The genus Dryadaula Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Tineoidea, Dryadaulidae) in China, with descriptions of four new species and a world checklist, ZooKeys 1074, pp. 61-81 : 61

Dryadaula Meyrick, 1893

Dryadaula Meyrick, 1893: 559. Type species: Dryadaula glycinopa Meyrick, 1893, by monotypy. TL: Australia (New South Wales).

Cyane Chambers, 1873: 112. Synonymised by Robinson and Nielsen 1993: 55. Type species: Cyane visaliella Chambers, 1873, by monotypy. TL: United States (Kentucky).

Chorocosma Meyrick, 1893: 560. Synonymised by Robinson and Nielsen 1993: 55. Type species: Chorocosma melanorma Meyrick, 1893, by monotypy. TL: Australia (Sydney).

Ditrigonophora Walsingham, 1897: 117. Synonymised by Robinson and Nielsen 1993: 55. Type species: Ditrigonophora marmoreipennis Walsingham, 1897, by original designation. TL: Grenada (Balthazar).

Choropleca Durrant, 1914: 366. Objective replacement name for Cyane Chambers, 1873. Synonymised by Robinson and Nielsen 1993: 55.

Opsodoca Meyrick, 1919: 270. Synonymised by Robinson and Nielsen 1993: 55. Type species: Opsodoca metrodoxa Meyrick, 1919, by original designation. TL: Guyana.

Diachalastis Meyrick, 1920: 363. Synonymised as Choropleca Durrant by Clarke, 1971: 221. Synonymised by Robinson and Nielsen 1993: 55. Type species: Diachalastis tetraglossa Meyrick, 1920, by monotypy. TL: Fiji.

Thermocrates Meyrick, 1936: 620. Synonymised by Robinson, 1988: 74. Type species: Thermocrates epischista Meyrick, 1936, by monotypy. TL: Japan (Kyushu).

Archimeessia Zagulajev, 1970: 658. Synonymised by Robinson and Nielsen 1993: 55. Type species: Archimeessia zinica Zagulajev, 1970, by original designation. TL: Azerbaijan.

Strophalinga Gozmány & Vári, 1973: 9. Synonymised by Robinson and Nielsen 1993: 55. Type species: Tinea glycinocoma Merick, 1932, by original designation. TL: Ethiopia.

Diagnosis.

Dryadaula is a small-sized moth, with wingspans of no more than 20 mm. It can be recognised by the following characters: head (Figs 1a-4a , 5 ) with erect piliform scales, transfrontal suture inverted V-shaped; antennae 0.7 × length of forewing, scape without pecten, flagellomeres with single annulus or two annuli of contrasting-coloured scales; labial palpus spatulate, bearing lateral bristles; forewing often brightly coloured, with venation (Fig. 6 ) complete, CuP weak; hind-wing with M3 or CuA1 absent; female with single frenulum bristle; segment VIII reduced and highly modified, usually asymmetrical in male; male genitalia (Figs 7 - 10 ) strongly asymmetrical, incorporating part of sternum VII and sternum VIII; aedeagus fused with right valva; gnathos absent; uncus lobes usually fused; female (Fig. 11 ) oviscapt reduced, posterior apophyses short, anterior apophyses rudimentary or absent, sternum VIII hardly developed.

Distribution.

Worldwide; the distribution of each species is given in Table 2 .

Biology.

The larvae of some species are detritivores or feed on lichens and fungi. The biology of Dryadaula was reviewed or summarised by Robinson and Nielsen (1993), Gaedike (2015) and Regier et al. (2015).

Figures

Figure 11. Female genitalia of Dryadaula securiformis sp. nov., paratype, slide No. DNAYLL 18123. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.

Figures 1 - 4. Adults of Dryadaula species 1 Dryadaula auriformis sp. nov., male holotype 1 a lateral view of head 2 D. flavostriata sp. nov., male holotype 2 a lateral view of head 3 D. hirtiglobosa sp. nov., male holotype 3 a lateral view of head 4 D. securiformis sp. nov., male holotype 4 a lateral view of head. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figures 5, 6. Dryadaula securiformis sp. nov., male paratype, slide No. DNAYLL 18121 5 head 6 Wing venation. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (head); 1.0 mm (wing venation).

Figures 7, 8. Male genitalia of Dryadaula species 7 D. auriformis sp. nov., holotype, slide No. DNAYLL 18124 8 D. flavostriata sp. nov., holotype, slide No. YLL 11112. Scale bars: 0.25 mm. (U = uncus lobes; T = tegumen; V = vinculum; S = saccus; S VIII = sternum VIII; Vr = right valva; Vl = left valva; J = juxta; A = aedeagus).

Figures 9, 10. Male genitalia of Dryadaula species 9 D. hirtiglobosa sp. nov., holotype, slide No. YLL 13026 10 D. securiformis sp. nov., paratype, slide No. DNAYLL 18173. Scale bars: 0.25 mm. (U = uncus lobes; T = tegumen; V = vinculum; Su = Subscaphium; S VIII = sternum VIII; Vr = right valva; Vl = left valva; J = juxta; A = aedeagus).