Phelipanche caesia (Rchb.) Soják (1972: 129)

Piwowarczyk, Renata, Pedraja, Óscar Sánchez, Moral, Gonzalo Moreno, Fayvush, George, Zakaryan, Narine, Kartashyan, Nune & Aleksanyan, Alla, 2019, Holoparasitic Orobanchaceae (Cistanche, Diphelypaea, Orobanche, Phelipanche) in Armenia: distribution, habitats, host range and taxonomic problems, Phytotaxa 386 (1), pp. 1-106 : 24-26

2. Phelipanche caesia (Rchb.) Soják (1972: 129) . Type:— RUSSIA (holotype): Sarepta [Old Sarepta / Krasnoarmeysky (now part of Volgograd, Volgograd Oblast)], Burkhard (W). Basionym:— Orobanche caesia Reichenbach (1829: 48) . Homotypic synonyms:— Phelypaea caesia (Rchb.) Grisebach (1844: 59) . Heterotypic synonyms:— Phelypaea lanuginosa C.A. Mey. in Ledebour (1830: 460); Orobanche borealis Turcz. ex Karelin & Kirilow (1841: 722) . Fig. 11A .

Distribution: —Central and eastern (Ararat, Gegharkunik - numerous populations on the slopes of Lake Sevan, Kotayk, Yerevan provinces) and partially northern (Shirak and Lori provinces) and southern parts (Vayots Dzor and Syunik provinces) ( Fig. 13).

General distribution: —Central Europe (SE part) to Siberia, Caucasus and central Asia.

Habitat: —Steppe, dry hills, sandy and rocky slopes, roadsides, ruderal habitats, juniper open forest, usually (800)1500‒2100(2600) m.

Hosts: —Only on Artemisia sp. ( Asteraceae ), A. fragrans Willd. L. , A. absinthium L., A. incana (L.) Druce, A. armeniaca Lam. (in Ghazanchi), A. araxina Takht. (in Gndevaz), A. splendens Willd. (in Noratus).

Phenology: —Flowering (May) June to July, fruiting July to August.

Conservation status: —Least Concern (LC). The species has rather wide distribution in Armenia (9 floristic regions). Two subpopulations grow in Arpi Lich and Sevan National Parks. Populations are diverse and usually consist of several to over 100 individuals.

Taxonomic Notes: —The occurrence of the holotype in W is reported in Gilli (1982: 11). Here, we formally designated the lectotypes of the cited synonyms, which were collected by the authors of these names. This is especially important in the case of P. lanuginosa , because if it is true that 1831 is the real year of publication of vol. 7 of Reichenbach´s “Iconographia”, the binomen of C.A. Meyer would be the priority over O. caesia Rchb. ( Domina & Raab-Straube 2010 –Present; Sánchez Pedraja et al. 2016).

Phelypaea lanuginosa C.A. Mey. in Ledebour (1830: 460). Type:— RUSSIA (lectotype (designated here): Altai [leg. Ledebour] (PH-00029574! [the sheet contains two specimens, the lectotype is the specimen of the left-hand of the sheet next to its label (“ Altai ”)]); remaining syntype [lectoparatype]: (PH-00029574! [the specimens on the right-hand of the sheet next to its label (“ Orobanche, Pasis [Patrin?]”)]), (P-02968158! [the upper half of sheet contains seven specimens and a typical blue label from a single gathering, all are lectoparatypes (“N. 906, Phelipaea lanuginosa C.A.M., Flora Altaica [Siberia], Herb. Al. de Bunge ”), except the second from the right of doubtful determination]).

Orobanche borealis Turcz. ex Karelin & Kirilow (1841: 722) . Type:— KAZAKHSTAN (lectotype designated here): in apricis Alatau [Trans-Ili Alatau, Tian Shan Mountains] inter fl. Sarchan et Aksu., leg. Karelin & Kirilow a. 1841, n. 1797 (MW-0878086! [an entire, single gathering]); isolectotypes: K-0000611376! [the only left-hand specimen [Karelin et Kiriloff, Exsicc. anni 1841 n. 1797, apricis Alatau, Kazakhstan] marked with two crosses and this Kew number; (P-02982379! [the two specimens of Karelin et Kirilow, Exsicc. anni 1841 n. 1797]); paralectotype: leg. Karelin et Kirilow a. 1840 [Dzungarian Alatau, Kazakhstan], n. 954” (MW-0878087!). Orobanche borealis Turczaninow (1838: 98) , nom. nud., was published without a description or a diagnosis or a reference to a former one (and thus is a nomen nudum); it was not validly published ( Turland et al. 2018, Art. 38), the name was validly published by Karelin & Kirilow (1841), moreover, we chose the lectotype on the Karelin & Kirilow original material, thus maintaining the usual concept of O. borealis because Turczaninow’s material corresponds to O. coerulescens Steph. (saltem p.p. [e.g., (K-0000611377! the specimen on the right-hand]).

We used the Reichenbach name because according to TL-2 (670 n. 8876) this is the earliest available name in that rank, until proven otherwise, out of all speculation.

On the other hand, it has been confused sometimes with O. coerulescens , another whitish-woolly species of the Orobanchaceae family, but it can be easily distinguished by the fact that the latter species belongs to the genus Orobanche and does not have the typical bracteoles of the Phelipanche genus.

Some authors have used some infraspecific ranks in this species, e. g., Orobanche caesia var. borealis (Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir. 1841: 722) Beck (1890: 122) [= Phelipanche caesia var. borealis (Turcz. 1856: 382) Uhlich (2015: 83) , nom. illeg.] ( Turland et al. 2018, Art. 38), but in the authors’ opinion it is a simple synonym, because O. caesia was decribed from Sarepta and the Beck var. borealis is mentioned from the same locality. Moreover, the abundant herbarium material of this region seen by the authors does not show significant differences.

Specimens examined: — ARMENIA. Ararat prov.: Vedi, Bozburun [Erah range] upper massif, 23 May 1957, E. Gabrielyan (ERCB, ERE); Artashat distr., Zovashen [near Bartsrashen], SE slope, 30 May 1956, E. Gabrielyan (ERE) [as O. pulchra by Tzvelev, as O. lanuginosa by T. Tsaturyan]; near Sovetashen [Nubarashen], 17 May 1957, E. Gabrielyan (ERCB, ERE) [as O. bungeana by T. Tsaturyan]; Vedi distr. [Ararat reg., Ararat distr.], NW macroslope of Boz-Burun mnt. [Erah ridge], phrygana, 800‒900 m, on Tertiary marl colorful limestones, 24 May 1955, R. Karapetyan & Sh. Aslanyan (ERE) [as O. pulchella by Tzvelev]; Gegharkunik prov.: Gyuneyskoye shore, near Shorzha, 11 June 1963, E. Gabrielyan (ERCB) [as O. kelleri by T. Tsaturyan]; Sevan, near restaurant, 4 July 1971, E. Megrabyan (ERE) [as O. hohenackeri by T. Tsaturyan]; steppe slopes of Lake Sevan, 3 km SE of Noratus, 10 June 2016, R. Piwowarczyk (KTC); Noratuz [Noratus], near Lake Sevan, 1 July 1974, Dildaryan & Grigoryan (ERCB); Sevan distr., N of Noraduz [Noratus], 26 June 1967, A. Melikyan (ERCB, ERE); steppe and rocky slopes of Lake Sevan, ca. 8 km SE of Gavar, 10 June 2016, R. Piwowarczyk (KTC); roadsides near asphalt road, opposite Lake Sevan, ca. 8 km SE of Gavar, 10 June 2016, R. Piwowarczyk (KTC); Shorzha, 5 July 1974, Nikiticheva (ERCB); Vardenis distr., Torfavan, dry slopes, 1946 m, 40°11’N, 45°39’E, 17 July 2005, E. Gabrielyan, M. Aghababyan & A. Nersesyan (ERE) [as O. oxyloba by G. Domina]; distr. Novo-Bajazet, in jugo Artshanotz, prope pagum Tzamakapert [Tsamakaberd], 6800‒8000’, 11 July 1923, 28 June 1923, A. Grossheim & O. Zedelmejer (ERE) [as O. pulchella and O. pulchra by Tzvelev]; ibidem (MW 0717056) [as O. purpurea ]; Distr. Novo-Bajazet [Gegharkunik reg.], in montibus supra pagum Satanachach [Vardenis distr., Areguni vil. M14, between Pambak vil. and Vardenis town], 7–10000’, 17 July 1923, A. Grossheim (ERE) [as O. pulchra by Tzvelev]; Nor-Bajazet, in viciniis pag. Elenovka [Sevan], 2 July 1929, O. Zedelmeyer & T. Gejdeman (TBI) [as O. lanuginosa by Zedelmejer]; vicinity of Gokcha [Sevan] Lake, Elenovka [Sevan], 1350 m, 5 July 1929, P. Smirnov (MW); Vardenis distr., near Zod [Sotk], 30 June 1998, E. Gabrielyan, E. Nazarova & A. Nersesyan (ERE) [as O. lanuginosa by Aghababyan]; Prope Djil [Jil], in fauc. Dali-aga, in pratis subalpinis 7000‒8000’, 3 July 1928, A. Schelkovnikov & E. Kara-Murza (ERE) [as O. purpurea by Sh. Asfanian]; Basargechar distr. [Gegharkunik reg., Vardenis distr.], Koshabulah vil. [Shatdzhrek vil. – E from Vardenis], 1959, I. Gevorkyan (ERCB); Gyunej [NE shore of the Lake Sevan], gorge in vicinity of Dara village [Daranak village], E slope, juniper open forest, 22 June 1976, E. Gabrielyan (ERE); Tsovazard N part, slope on the rural roadside, 40°29’04”N, 45°02’33”E, 1932 m, 23 July 2017, R. Piwowarczyk (ERCB, KTC); E of Norabak, slope, also along the paths, 40°09’33”N, 45°52’12”E, 2110 m, 40°09’14”N, 45°52’33”E, 2135 m, 25 July 2017, R. Piwowarczyk (ERCB, KTC); slope in the gorge, NNW of Areguni, 40°20’53”N, 45°36’13”E, 2147 m, 25 July 2017, R. Piwowarczyk (KTC); S of Vardenik, steppe, near the road, 40°07’01”N, 45°26’04”E, 2072 m, 40°03’22”N, 45°27’21”E, 2440, 28 July 2017, R. Piwowarczyk (KTC); slope fom Sevan Lake to Aghberk, 40°32’09”N, 45°14’11”E, 1975 m, 29 July 2017, R. Piwowarczyk (KTC); Kotayk prov.: Hrazdan distr., Tsakhkadzor, forest, 1800 m, 29 June 1975, S.B. Grigoryan (ERCB); Hrazdan distr., Takarlu [Artavaz], S slope, 25 June 1975, S. Dallakan (ERCB); Miskhana [Hankavan], forest, 7 July 1968, B.N. Dildaryan (ERCB); Zar, 30 June 1951, T. Tsaturyan (ERCB); Hrazdan distr., Aghveran, SW slope, 20 July 1967, E. Nazarova & A. Mulkidjanyan (ERE); Aghveran, N slope, 21 July 1967, A. Mulkidjanyan & E. Nazarova (ERE); Hrazdan river, gorge above Arzni resort, left shore, limestone slope, 9 July 1957, V. Avetisyan, E. Gabrielyan (ERE) [as O. kelleri by T. Tsaturyan]; NNE of Meghradzor, slopes, near the roads, 40°38’10”N, 44°39’55”E, 1970 m, 27 July 2017, R. Piwowarczyk (KTC); slopes between Thezh Mt. and Meghradzor, 40°39’24”N, 44°37’47”E, 2370 m, 27 July 2017, R. Piwowarczyk (KTC); between Thezh Mt. and Meghradzor, slope and roadside over old buildings, on Artemisia absinthium , 40°38’50”N, 44°38’34”E, 2240 m, 27 July 2017, R. Piwowarczyk (ERCB, KTC); along road which deviates from road Geghadir – Garni to Azat river reservoir, slope N of the road, small hill, Artemisia steppe, 1160 m, 40°5’59”N, 44°37’57”E, 25 May 2006, K. Tamanyan & E. Vitek (ERE); Shorbulah-Geghadir [Kotajk reg., vicinity of Geghadir vil.], dry clay slopes. 23 May 1963, E. Gabrielyan (ERCB) [as O. bungeana by T. Tsaturyan]; Lori prov.: Spitak distr., between Spitak and Nalband [Shirakamut], 3 km down railway tracks, rocks, 2 June 1962, A.A. Mulkidjanyan & V. Manakyan (ERE); Spitak distr., valley of the Pambak river, below town Spitak, rocky steppes, left bank of Pambak river, 2–3 km below Spitak, 1800 m, 1 July 1960, N. Tzvelev & S. Cherepanov (LE); vicinity of Kirovakan [Vanadzor], Dimats [actually it is a part of Vandzor], Sarum-sakhlu mountains [it is a local name of hills], 15 June 1977, E. Gabrielyan (ERE); Shirak prov.: [Agin distr., between Ani and Bagravan], steppe slopes, 2–3 km S of Bagravan, 1500 m, 5 July 1960, N. Tzvelev & S. Cherepanov (ERE, LE); E of Gazanchi, slope, on Artemisia , 41°04’01”N, 43°53’25”E, 2225 m, 22 July 2017, R. Piwowarczyk (ERCB, KTC); Syunik prov.: ca. 4 km NW of Sisian, S of main road Yerevan to Goris, at the pre-historic circle of Stones of Zorats karer, 1785 m, 39°33’05”N, 46°01’44”E, 4 July 2003, G. Fayvush, K. Tamanyan, H. Ter-Voskanian & E. Vitek (ERE) [as O. caesia by N. Tzvelev, as O. lanuginosa by M. Aghababyan]; prov. Syunik, pr. Zorats Karer [Syunik’i Marz], 39º33’08”N, 46º01’45”E, 1780 m, 25 June 2005, R. Gonzalo et al. (MA-742950); Vayots Dzor prov.: 1 km SE of Areni, ca. 1170 m, 29 May 2016, R. Piwowarczyk (KTC); Selim pass, Caravanserai, S slope, 2300–2600 m, attached cf. A. absinthium , 2 August 1955, A. Mulkidjanjan (ERE) [as O. pulchra by Tzvelev]; between Karmrashen and Goghtanik, slope near the road, on A. absinthium , 39°50’30”N, 45°29’10”E, 2110 m, 20 June 2017, R. Piwowarczyk (ERCB, KTC); S of Gndevaz, slope near the road, 39°43’31”N, 45°35’54”E, 1568 m, 22 June 2017, R. Piwowarczyk (KTC); Daralagez [Vayots Dzor reg.], Ortakend vil. [Yeghegnadzor distr., Gladzor vil.], 4 July 1933, A. Movsesyan (ERE) [as O. pulchra by Tzvelev]; Yerevan.: vicinity of Yerevan, between Dzhrvezh and Nork [NE of Yerevan, both now are parts of Yerevan], south slopes, 13 June 1942, A. Fedorov (ERE) [as O. tricholoba by Novopokrovskij].

Figures

FIGURE 11. General habit of: A. Phelipanche caesia, B. P. zangezuri, C. P. hajastanica, D. P. purpurea, E. P. heldreichii, F. P. arenaria, G. P. nana, H. P. sevanensis, I. P. ramosa. Photos by Renata Piwowarczyk.