Abutilon bedfordianum (Hook.) Saint-Hilaire & Naudin (1842: 48)

Takeuchi, Cátia & Esteves, Gerleni Lopes, 2012, Synopsis of Abutilon (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, Phytotaxa 44 (1), pp. 39-57 : 53-56

Abutilon bedfordianum (Hook.) Saint-Hilaire & Naudin (1842: 48) . Figs. 4J–M , 5K .

Sida bedfordiana Hooker (1841: 68) . Type: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Serra dos Órgãos, G. Gardner 320 (lectotype G- DEL, duplicate NY!) .

Distribution and habitat:— Endemic to Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina), in the state of São Paulo the species has a wide geographical distribution. It occurs in dense rainforest and semideciduous forest, in forest margins and disturbed areas, forming small populations, or as isolated individuals.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Amparo, 30 March 1943, M . Kuhlmann 456 ( SP). Analândia , 22 August 1995, L. P . Morellato et al. 1018 ( ESA, HRCB, UEC, SP, SPF). Apiaí , 7 June 2010, C . Takeuchi & T . Takeuchi 78 ( SP); 6 June 2010, C . Takeuchi & T . Takeuchi 79 ( SP). Botucatu , 19 September 1972, J . Ossamu 3 ( BOTU); 6 September 1972, E. P . Souza 46 ( BOTU). Bom Sucesso do Itararé , 17 December 1997, J. M . Torezan 772 et al. ( IAC, SPSF, UEC). Bragança Paulista , July 1917, C . Duarte ( SP12143 ). Cotia, 21 November 1997, N. S . Chukr 630 ( PMSP). Cunha , 3 December 1940, A. P . Viegas & J . Kiehl s.n. ( ESA1507 , IAC5807 ); 14 May 1939, J . Kiehl s.n. ( IAC3666 ). Iracemápolis, 10 March 1968, H. F . Leitão-Filho 396 ( IAC). Ibiúna , 22 December 1983, T . Yano & O . Yano 33 ( SP). Itapevi , 17 December 1956, A. S . Grotta 5699 ( SPF). Jundiaí , 8 December 1976, H. F . Leitão-Filho et al. 3237 ( UEC). Lavrinhas , 13 June 1996, R . Goldenberg et al. 352 ( SP). Limeira , 14 May 1943, M . Kuhlmann 784 ( SP). Lorena , 2 June 1950, M . Kuhlmann & G . Silva 2379 ( SP). Mairiporã , 29 August 1993, N . Chukr s.n. ( PMSP1481 ). Piracicaba, 27 May 1992, S . Gandolfi s.n. (ESA10653, SP293513). Rio Claro , 3 August 1983, C. M . Beltrati 30 ( HRCB). Salesópolis , 6 July 2007, R. A . Costa & S. A . Nicolau 1 ( SP). Santo André , 26 September 1948, G . Hashimoto 572 ( SP). São José do Barreiro , 16 July 1994, L . Rossi & E. L. M . Catharino 1567 ( ESA, SP, SPF, UEC). São Luiz do Paraitinga , 25 September 1938, A. P . Viegas & A. S . Costa s.n. ( IAC2819 , SP 266329). São Paulo, 21 August 1917, F. C . Hoehne s.n. ( SP444 ). São Pedro, 3 July 1991, S . Gandolfi s.n. ( ESA1326 , SP29035 ). São Roque, 16 August 2009, V. M . Gonçalez 38 ( SP) . Minas Gerais: Poços de Calda , 23 August 1990, M . Brandão 17434 ( PAMG) . Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, 12 July 2008, L. L . Giacomin 166 & J. R . Stehmann ( BHCB). Petrópolis , 19 June 2000, L. C . Giordano 2241 et al. ( RB) .

Abutilon bedfordianum is notable for a wide range of phenotypic plasticity, especially in terms of types of indumentum, coloration of the petals, and the leaf, calyx and mericarp morphology.

Conservation status:— According to the criteria found in Mamede et al. (2007) A. bedfordianum should not be considered a threatened species.

Abutilon pedrae-brancae Schumann (1891: 425) . Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Pedra Branca, s.a., A.F. Regnell 168 (lectotype S!). Fig.4H–I .

Distribution and habitat:— Endemic to Brazil, at present this species is known only from a few collections from Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and one specimen from a locality in the state of São Paulo, in Serra da Mantiqueira above 1200 m elevation. It grows in dense rainforest margins, on forest margins and on rocky outcrops.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: São Bento do Sapucaí , 2 July 2004, R. B . Torres 1487 et al. ( IAC) . Minas Gerais: Caldas , 31 July 1981, A . Krapovickas 37481 ( MBM) . Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia , 13 March 2010, J. M . Silva & J . Cordeiro 7540 ( MBM) .

This is the first record of A. pedrae-brancae in the state of São Paulo. It is very similar to A. bedfordianum , differing from it by the sublobate leaf blades when young, and long papillae on the dorsal suture of the mericarps, whereas A. bedfordianum exhibits sublobate leaf blades only at maturity, and minute papillae on the suture of the mericarps. Although the material examined from the state of São Paulo lacks fruits, the vegetative and floral characters are entirely compatible with those described by Schumann (1891) for A. pedrae-brancae .

Conservation status:— According to the criteria found in Mamede et al. (2007) A. pedrae-brancae should be included in the Vulnerable category.

Abutilon venosum Lemaire (1845: 295) . Type: locus incognitus, Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 2(3): t. 5 (1846). Fig. 4N– P .

Distribution and habitat:— Endemic to Brazil, in southeastern (Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) and southern Brazil (Santa Catarina). This is a rare species throughout its range, collected in São Paulo in the municipality of Monte Alegre do Sul, growing in the margins of dense rainforest.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Monte Alegre do Sul , 25 August 1950, J. A . Cunha 161 ( IAC); 16 June 1994, L. C . Bernacci et al. 391 ( IAC); 2 May 1953, S . Alves 161 ( IAC). Campinas (cultivated): 27 May 1967, H. F . Leitão s.n. ( ESA2613 ); 28 August 2006, L. C . Bernacci 4261 ( IAC) .

Abutilon venosum exhibits several characters rendering it easily recognizable, especially its glabrous branches, parted leaves, calyx with winged nerves, and orange petals with red veins.

Conservation status:— According to the criteria found in Mamede et al. (2007) A. costicalyx should not be considered a threatened species, but it deserves attention because it fits into the category Near Threatened (NT).

Figures

FIGURE 4. A–B) A. costicalyx Schumann ex Takeuchi & Esteves A) Flower showing calyx; B) Mericarp, dorsolateral view, showing the dorsal long papillate suture. C-E) A. rufinerve Saint-Hilaire C) Branches with flowers; D) Calyx; E) Mericarp, dorsolateral view, showing the dorsal suture not papillate. F–G) A. nigricans Esteves & Krapovickas F) Calyx, showing the glabrous base; G) Mericarp, dorsolateral view. H–I) A. pedrae-brancae Schumann H) Leaf, with sub-trilobate blade; I) Mericarp, dorsolateral view. J–M) A. bedfordianum (Hooker) Saint Hilaire & Naudin; J) Branch with flower and fruit; K) Calyx; L) Staminal tube; M) Mericarp, dorsolateral view. N–P) A. venosum Lemaire N) Branch with fruit O) Calyx; P) Mericarp, dorsolateral view.

FIGURE 5. A) A. latipetalum, habit. B) A. regnellii, habit C) A. striatum, orange petals, showing the reddish veins. D) A. nigricans, entirely whitish petals. E) A. latipetalum, calyx covered with short papillae. F) A. regnellii, flower, showing the calyx with long papillae. G) A. latipetalum, schizocarp sectioned longitudinally, showing columella and seeds. H) A. itatiaiae, habit with flowers. I) A. longifolium, branch with pendant flower. J) A. itatiaiae, schizocarp with eight aristate mericarps. K) A. bedfordianum, schizocarp with more than twelve muticous mericarps.