Abutilon itatiaiae Fries (1908: 29)

Takeuchi, Cátia & Esteves, Gerleni Lopes, 2012, Synopsis of Abutilon (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, Phytotaxa 44 (1), pp. 39-57 : 42-46

Abutilon itatiaiae Fries (1908: 29) . Type: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Serra do Itatiaia , s.a., P. K. H. Dúsen 241

(lectotype S!, isotypes GH, US!). Figs. 1F–I , 5H, J .

Abutilon heterochoros Krapovickas (2008a: 35) . Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Camanducaia , 22 April 1999, R. Simão- Bianchini 1251 (holotype SP!, isotype CTES), syn. nov.

Distribution and habitat:—Endemic to Brazil in southeast region (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo). In the state of São Paulo it is restricted to Serra Mantiqueira above 1200m elevation. At present only four collections from the state of São Paulo are known (all from the same locality), two of which were collected during the development of this work, when only one population of a few scattered individuals was seen. It grows within dense rainforest, at forest margins.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Campos do Jordão , 9 March 1994, M. J . Robim & J. P. M . Carvalho s.n. ( SP 259556, SPSF8416 ); 17 May 1985, M. J . Rubens 285 ( SP, SPSF); 22 July 2009, C . Takeuchi & G. L . Esteves 65 ( SP); 26 May 2010, C . Takeuchi & T . Takeuchi 71 ( SP) . Minas Gerais: Aiuruoca , 9 June 1999, M. F . de Vasconcelos s.n. ( BHCB47864 ) . Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia , 20 February 1945, A. C . Brade 17512 ( RB) .

Abutilon heterochoros is here synonymized under A. itataiaie , because it presents the same diagnostic characters, especially the fruit size and petal color. The only notable variations observed in material examined (leaf blades entire to sub-trilobate, and the presence or absence of simple trichomes on branches) are not considered sufficient to justify their separation.

Abutilon itatiaiae is distinguished by its short-auriculate petals with stellate trichomes on the abaxial claw; and long-awned mericarps (awn longer than 1 mm). Among the species that have small petals (less than 2 cm long), it is the only one with strongly centrally ribbed sepals. In this species, simple trichomes are deciduous. This characteristic was also observed in A. bedfordianum and A. pedrae-brancae .

Conservation status: —According to the criteria found in Mamede et al. (2007) A. itatiaiae should be included in the Vulnerable category.

Abutilon ramiflorum Saint-Hilaire (1824: 199) . Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Minas Novas , s.a., A. St.- Hilaire s.n. (holotype P, photo F-35461!). Fig. 1J–K .

Distribution and habitat:— Abutilon ramiflorum is one of the species with a broad geographical distribution, widely distributed in South America: Venezuela, Peru, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay. In Brazil it occurs from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul. In the state of São Paulo it was recorded at only three localities, growing in dense rainforest, semideciduous forest and Cerrado, generally on riverbanks.

Specimens examined:— BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Andrez Ibañez, 24 July 1987, M . Nee 35338 (SP). BRAZIL. São Paulo: Ilha Solteira , 3 August 1995, M. R . Noronha-Pereira et al. 1522 ( UEC, SP, SPF). Moji- Mirim, 9 June 1932, F. C . Hoehne s.n. ( SP29733 ). São Paulo, 6 June 1944, W . Hoehne s.n. ( ESA 39881, SPF1268 ); s.l., 21 April 1961, A. P . Duarte 5810 (RB). Bahia: Livramento de Brumado , 19 July 1979, S. A . Mori et al. s.n. ( RB 198288) . Distrito Federal: 16 July 1980, E. P . Heringer et al. 5100 (IBGE). Mato Grosso: Aquidauna, 6 June 1994, G . Hatchsbach 60753 & J.M. Silva (MBM). Mato Grosso do Sul: Bodoquena, 15 May 2002, G . Hatchsbach 72938 (MBM). Maranhão: Ilhas dos Botes, 30 July 1949, J. M . Pires & G.A Black 1584 (IAC). Minas Gerais: Araçuaí, 15 July 1981, P. L . Krieger 18450 (CESJ, RB, SP). Rio de Janeiro: Natividade, 4 July 1970, P .Carauta 1104 (RB). PARAGUAY. Trinidad: Assunção, 20 July 1990, B . Pérez 92 (SP). VENEZUELA. Merida: Barinitas, 9 December 1963, F. J . Breteler 3416 (RB).

Abutilon ramiflorum presents as unique characters: triangular first-order branches, paniculiform inflorescences and pedicels with capitate glandular trichomes. In addition it has the smallest flowers among the São Paulo species. According to Braga (1953) the fibers of A. ramiflorum are used as a substitute for jute in the manufacturing of bags.

Conservation status:— According to the criteria found in Mamede et al. (2007) A. ramiflorum should not be considered a threatened species.

Abutilon pauciflorum Saint-Hilaire (1824: 206) . Type : BRAZIL. “Rio Del Same, in part australi provinciae Cisplatanae”, s.a., A. St.-Hilaire 2342 (holotype P, isotype P). Fig.1E .

Distribution and habitat:— Abutilon pauciflorum is a species with a broad geographical distribution, occurring in Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul). In the state of São Paulo it has rarely been collected, growing in dense rainforest, semideciduous forest and Cerrado.

Specimens examined:— ARGENTINA. Pilagás, s.l., 16 July 1997, A . Schinini et al. 32652 ( SP) . BRAZIL. São Paulo: Botucatu, 14 October 1998, L. R. H . Bicudo et al. 129 ( SP). Ribeirão Preto , 10 October 1989, A . de Morais s.n. ( ESA5387 ); 11 January 1989, L. M Schiavon s.n. ( ESA3792 ). São José do Rio Preto , 13 December 1962, G . de Morinis 64 ( HRCB); 13 December 1962, P. N . Camargo & G . de Morinis 130 ( SP); 14 December 1964, E . Mambreu & D. Garcia 109 ( SP); 24 October 1996, V . Stranghetti 745 ( SP). São Paulo, 15 April 1944, W . Hoehne 1230 ( SP); 11 January 1989, R. R . Amaral s.n. ( ESA6055 ). Bahia: s.l., 18 June 1920, P . da Silva s.n. ( SP4364 ). Espírito Santo: Guarapari, 4 January 2004, J. M. A . Braga 7333 et al. ( RB, SP). Mato Grosso: Cáceres , 5 May 1995, G . Hatschbach 62297 et al. ( MBM). Mato Grosso do Sul: Aquidauana , 12 May 2002, G . Hatschbach 72837 et al. ( MBM). Paraná: Cantagalo , 7 January 1995, A . Krapovickas & C. L . Cristóbal 39581 ( MBM). Rio de Janeiro: Cabo Frio , 26 July 1997, C . Ramalho 567 et al. ( RB). Rio Grande do Sul: Cachoeira do Sul , 9 April 1992, D. B . Falkenberg 189 ( MBM) .

Abutilon pauciflorum is notable for having solitary flowers and dorsally hirsute mericarps. It can be distinguished from the other small-flowered (less than 2 cm long) species, by its glabrous staminal tube, petals sometimes pink, and by the greater number of seeds per mericarp (3–7).

Conservation status:— According to the criteria found in Mamede et al. (2007) A. pauciflorum should not be considered a threatened species.

Abutilon umbelliflorum Saint-Hilaire (1824: 204) . Type: BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Estância da Tronqueira , s.a., A. St.-Hilaire 2790 (holotype P, isotype P, photo F-35466). Fig. 1A–D .

Distribution and habitat:— This is a rare species in São Paulo. It is presently known fonly two collections from one locality in the southwestern region of the state near Paraná. From there it spreads throughout southern Brazil to Paraguay and Argentina. It grows in semideciduous forest along riverbanks.

Specimens examined:— ARGENTINA. Misiones: El Dourado, 26 July 1973, M. N . Correa 5040 et al. ( MBM) . BRAZIL. São Paulo: Tarumã, 28 June 1993, G . Durigan 31678 ( UEC); 10 June 1989, G . Durigan 30713 ( UEC) . Paraná: Campo Mourão, 7 September 2005, H. C . Geraldino 90 ( MBM) . Santa Catarina: Piratuba, 7 September 1999, W . do Amaral & S. N . do Amaral 603 ( MBM) .

Abutilon umbelliflorum is readily distinguished by its umbeliform inflorescences. Among the species with smaller petals, it is similar to A. pauciflorum in its dorsal mericarpal indumentum with stellate, glandular and simple trichomes, thus differing from the other species having only stellate trichomes.

Conservation status:— According to the criteria found in Mamede et al. (2007) A. umbelliflorum should be included in the Vulnerable category.

Abutilon latipetalum Esteves & Krapovickas (2002: 479) . Type: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Pindamonhangaba , 9 May 2000, G.L. Esteves & J.A. Pastore 2758 (holotype SP!, isotypes SPSF!, SPF!, CTES). Figs. 2D–G , 5E .

Distribution and habitat:— Endemic to state of São Paulo, known only to specimens from a small stretch of land in the municipality of São José do Barreiro to Pindamonhangaba in the Serra Mantiqueira above 1200 m elevation where it forms small isolated populations, growing on the margins of dense rainforest.

Specimens examined:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Campos do Jordão , 13 September 1993, S . Buzato 31746 ( UEC); 4 August 1994, M . Sazima & I . Sazima 31790 ( UEC); 30 May 1995, S . Buzato 33724 ( UEC). Lorena, 3 June 1950, M . Kuhlmann 2378 ( SP). Pindamonhangaba, 22 July 2009, C . Takeuchi & G. L . Esteves 62 ( SP); 22 July 2009, C . Takeuchi & G. L . Esteves 64 ( SP). Santo Antônio do Pinhal , 27 May 2010, C . Takeuchi & T . Takeuchi 72 ( SP). São José do Barreiro , 16 July 1994, L . Rossi & E. L. M . Catharino 1563 ( HRCB, SP) .

Abutilon latipetalum is distinctive in its arborescent habit up to 17 m tall, all other species being either subshrubs, shrubs or rarely small trees 1–6(–10) m. It is similar to A. regnellii Miq. and A. macranthum A.St. - Hil. by their papillate branches and calyx, from which it differs in its floccose indumentum and predominantly shorter and rounded papillae, while in the other two species the papillae are elongated or absent. They can also be further separated by differences in seed and mericarp morphology, as mentioned in the key.

Conservation status:— According to the criteria found in Mamede et al. (2007) A. latipetalum should not be considered a threatened species.

Figures

FIGURE 1. A–B) A. umbelliflorum Saint-Hilaire A) Branches with flowers and fruits; B) Calyx; C) Staminal tube; D) Mericarp, dorsolateral view. A. pauciflorum Saint-Hilaire E.) Mericarp, dorsolateral view. F–I) A. itatiaiae Fries F) Fragment of a branch with fruit; G) Calyx; H: Petal, dorsal view; I: Mericarp, dorsolateral view. J–K) A. ramiflorum Saint-Hilaire J) Branches with flowers; detailed cross-section of apical portion of the branch; K) Mericarp, dorsolateral view.

FIGURE 2. A–C) A. macranthum Saint-Hilaire A) Branch with flower; B) Staminal tube; C) Mericarp, dorsolateral view. D-G) A. latipetalum Esteves & Krapovickas D) Calyx; E) Petal, ventral view; F) Whole fruit with persistent calyx; G) Mericarp, dorsolateral view; H) Seed; I–N) A. regnellii Miquel I) Petal, dorsal view; J) Staminal tube; K: Whole fruit with persistent calyx; L) Mericarp, dorsolateral view; M) Seed; N) Branch with flower.

FIGURE 5. A) A. latipetalum, habit. B) A. regnellii, habit C) A. striatum, orange petals, showing the reddish veins. D) A. nigricans, entirely whitish petals. E) A. latipetalum, calyx covered with short papillae. F) A. regnellii, flower, showing the calyx with long papillae. G) A. latipetalum, schizocarp sectioned longitudinally, showing columella and seeds. H) A. itatiaiae, habit with flowers. I) A. longifolium, branch with pendant flower. J) A. itatiaiae, schizocarp with eight aristate mericarps. K) A. bedfordianum, schizocarp with more than twelve muticous mericarps.