Pygoluciola Wittmer

Ballantyne, Lesley A. & Lambkin, Christine L., 2013, Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera, Zootaxa 3653 (1), pp. 1-162 : 108-109

Pygoluciola Wittmer

Pygoluciola Wittmer, 1939:21 . Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2006:22; 2009: 21. Ballantyne 2008: 1 . Fu et Ballantyne, 2008:1 . Luciola (Pygoluciola) (Wittmer) . McDermott, 1966:115; Ballantyne, 1968:119; Ballantyne & McLean, 1970:233; Ballantyne

& Lambkin, 2000: 82, 2001:363.

Type species.– Pygoluciola stylifer Wittmer, 1939 , by monotypy ( RMNH) .

Diagnosis. Fu and Ballantyne (2008) gave a revised generic description which included species where the terminal abdominal segments were not prolonged, and characterised the two differing male forms included in the genus here. In one, consistent with Pygoluciola sensu Wittmer (1939) the median posterior margin of both V7 and T8 narrow and strongly incline either dorsally (V7) or ventrally (T8), often overlapping each other in dried specimens. In the second (* in list below) V7 has no posterior projection, while T8 may narrow very slightly and can be narrowly downturned. Both forms have a distinctive genital complex: aedeagus with LL considerably longer than ML and membranous in apical half; basal portion well sclerotised; aedeagal sheath with narrow elongate anterior portion of sheath sternite and expanded posterior area; lateral arms of tergite clearly visible at sides. Female: macropterous and assumed capable of flight. Larva not associated.

This analysis includes an as yet undescribed species of Pygoluciola ( Fig.4 Node 50 blue number 21) which lacks the pronounced terminal abdomen modifications of Pygoluciola sensu Wittmer.

List of species of Pygoluciola Wittmer

* = Species without prolongations of terminal abdominal segments in the male

- cowleyi (Blackburn) comb. n. *

- guigliae (Ballantyne)

- hamulata (Olivier)

- kinabalua (Ballantyne & Lambkin)

- qingyu Fu et Ballantyne *

- satoi Ballantyne

- stylifer Wittmer

- wittmeri (Ballantyne)

Key to species of Pygoluciola using males

Modified and expanded from Ballantyne (2008)

1. Median posterior margin of V7 rounded, not narrowly prolonged; median posterior margin of T8 not prolonged.......... 2 Median posterior margin of V7 narrowly prolonged and curving dorsally; median posterior margin of T8 prolonged narrowly and curving ventrally ( Ballantyne & Lambkin 2006 Figs 18–27 )................................................ 3

2. SE Asian species; black elytra and pinkish pronotum with median dark markings ( Fu & Ballantyne 2008 Fig. 13 )............................................................................................ qingyu Fu et Ballantyne Known only from N. Australia; elytra light brownish with paler margins; pronotum yellowish with extensive median dark markings; eyes with a strong posterolateral excavation visible when resting head withdrawn ( Ballantyne & Lambkin 2009 Fig. 493)....................................................................... cowleyi (Blackburn) comb. nov.

3. All tibiae curved; lateral margins of elytra tapering posteriorly ( Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2006, Fig. 6 ).................. 4

– No tibiae curved; lateral margins of elytra usually sub-parallel-sided............................................. 5

4. Apex of median posterior projection of T8 no wider than rest and rounded, not emarginate; lateral margins of pronotum slightly sinuate ( Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2006 Figs 1 , 19, 21 )................................... guigliae Ballantyne

– Apex of median posterior projection of T8 wider than rest and medianly emarginate; lateral margins of pronotum not slightly sinuate ( Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2006 Figs 4 , 25 )................................................ stylifer Wittmer

5 Median posterior projection of abdominal V7 bifurcate at apex ( Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2006 Figs 18 , 26 ).............. 6

– Median posterior projection of abdominal V7 not bifurcate at apex..............................................7

6 Apex of median posterior projection of abdominal V7 deeply emarginate, laterally ensheathing the downturned apex of T8 and projecting laterally beside it ( Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2006 Figs 18 , 26 ........................... wittmeri (Ballantyne)

– Apex of median posterior projection of abdominal V7 shallowly emarginate, not laterally ensheathing the downturned apex of T8 and not projecting beside it ( Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2001 Figs 5 , 10 )............. kinabalua (Ballantyne & Lambkin)

7 MPP of V7 elongate slender, ventral surface shallowly depressed along its length, and bearing on its median dorsal surface two slender teeth; posterior apex of MPP not differentiated; lateral margins of T8 downturned ( Ballantyne 2008 Figs 3–9 ).............................................................................................. satoi Ballantyne

– MPP of V7 shorter, about as wide as long, ventral surface not shallowly depressed along its length, and not bearing dorsal teeth; posterior apex (face) of MPP differentiated and shallowly depressed; lateral margins of T8 not downturned................................................................................................ hamulata (Olivier)

Key to species of Pygoluciola using females

Modified from Ballantyne (2008)

1 All tibiae curved..................................................................... guigliae (Ballantyne)

– No tibiae curved...................................................................................... 2

2. Posterior margin of V7 deeply emarginate; bearing a small ridge anterior to... median area of deepest emargination; V8 with anteromedian prolongation not any more sclerotised than remainder of V8; T7 with anteromedian area rounded and elevated, lateral areas not flattened ( Ballantyne & Lambkin 2001 Figs 1–19 )................... kinabalua (Ballantyne & Lambkin)

– Posterior margin of V7 without an anteromedian ridge; V8 with anteromedian prolongation well sclerotised and visibly separated from remainder of V7; T7 without a rounded and elevated anteromedian area, with lateral areas flattened........... 3

3 Posterolateral areas of V7 irregularly expanded ( Ballantyne 2008 Fig. 7 ).............................. satoi Ballantyne

– Posterolateral areas of V7 not expanded.................................................... wittmeri (Ballantyne)

Figures

FIGURE 1. Aquatica leii (Fu et Ballantyne) male. Taken at 10.33 am 12.vii.2011 in Wuhan by X. H. Fu.

FIGURE 6. Strict consensus tree for 61 IP analysis; consensus of 163 MPT of length 2615 from phylogenetic analysis of 61 Indo-Pacific study group taxa. New genera, new species, and still undescribed species in red, bold. Bremer supports above branches.

FIGURE 7. Majority rule tree for female analysis. Tree shows the consensus of 1349 MPTs of length 3892 from the analysis of all characters for the 88 taxa with female traits scored. New genera, new species, and still undescribed species in red. Showing the % of MPT over 50 %, above branches.

FIGURES 3–5. Majority rule tree for the complete analysis of the Luciolinae. Analysis consisted of consensus of 169 MPTs with a length of 5609 from a data set of 143 taxa and 436 morphological characters in (see Table 3). Figure 3, part 1: nodes 1– 34; 4, part 2 Nodes 35–52; 5, part 3 nodes 55–76. Nodes (red). New genera, new species, and still undescribed species in red and bold, with identification numbers blue. Black values above branches show the % of MPTs over 50 %.

FIGURES 18–25. Australoluciola aspera, type female (18), Wewak male NHML 19–25. 18, 19 dorsal; 20, 21 ventral (21 abdomen only); 22–24 aedeagus dorsal (22), right lateral (23) and ventral (lateral projections of LL arrowed in 24); 25 pronotum dorsal. These figures share scale lines: 19, 20; 22–24.

FIGURES 26–34. Australoluciola australis, male (ANIC). 26, 27 dorsal and ventral (27 terminal abdomen removed); 28–30 abdomen, 28 V5–7 ventral; 28 segments 6–8 dorsal; 30 tergite 8 with aedeagus and sheath in place, ventral; 31–33 aedeagus left lateral (31), ventral (32) and dorsal; 34 reproductive system, Ross River female, from side, anterior end to right of page. Figure legends: 1 median oviduct plate; 2 posterior and 3 anterior bursa plates. These figures share scale lines: 28, 29; 31–33.

FIGURES 9–17. Australoluciola anthracina type male, Cyclops (MNHN). 9, 10 dorsal (9) and ventral; 11 V6, 7 ventral; 12 pronotum dorsal; 13 type labels; 14 aedeagal sheath ventral; 15-17 aedeagus, dorsal (15), ventral (16) and lateral. These figures share scale lines: 15–17.