Pyrophanes Olivier

Ballantyne, Lesley A. & Lambkin, Christine L., 2013, Systematics and Phylogenetics of Indo-Pacific Luciolinae Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and the Description of new Genera, Zootaxa 3653 (1), pp. 1-162 : 111

Pyrophanes Olivier

[ Figs 221–227 ]

Pyrophanes Olivier, 1885:368 ; in Baer, 1886:132; 1902:72; 1907:56; 1911b:102. McDermott, 1964:46; 1966:116. Ballantyne, 1968:106, 107; 1987b:173–176. Ballantyne in Calder, 1998:180. Ballantyne & Lambkin, 2000:70: 2009: Figs 94, 95 , 106, 107 , 503, 509.

Type Species: Pyrophanes similis Olivier , designated by McDermott, 1966:116.

Diagnosis. Pyrophanes belongs to a group of 7 Luciolinae genera with males characterized by: an elongate slender aedeagus with LL concealed behind the ML when viewed from beneath, pronotal width less than width across the elytral humeri, parallel-sided elytra, aedeagal sheath elongate slender, widest across the middle, with posterior half of sternite not emarginate on either side, and tapering evenly towards a narrow entire apex. It is distinguished from all other genera by a combination of MFC and paraprocts on the aedeagal sheath; without deflexed elytral apices; femora 3 are swollen and curved in four of the five species; the posterior margin of V7 is trilobed with incurving lobes and small pointed projections between the PLP and MPP; the underside of T8 has depressions at the sides housing very short spines and hairs. Females are macropterous and the bursa in certain species has wide paired plates. Larvae lack laterally explanate margins in Pyrophanes similis ( Blair, 1927; Bertrand, 1972). This larva is not however reliably associated and an accurate identification of larval type for this genus is not available. This genus needs more extensive revision than is currently possible here.

List of species

- appendiculata Olivier

- beccarii Olivier

- quadrimaculata Olivier

- similis Olivier

- semilimbata (Olivier) comb. nov.

Key to species of Pyrophanes Olivier using males

1. Hind femora not swollen or curved ( Figs 223, 224 )................................ semilimbata (Olivier) comb. nov. Hind femora swollen and curved......................................................................... 2

2. Elytra medium to dark brown, often with lateral and sutural margins semitransparent and pale ( Figs 223, 224 )............ 3 Elytra dingy or pale, clear yellow, always with apex dark brown to black; base of elytra may be brown ( Fig. 225 )......... 4

3 Elytra medium to dark brown, lateral margin, and often also sutural margin, yellow................ appendiculata Olivier Elytra medium to dark brown, without any paler margins.......................................... beccarii Olivier

4 Elytra yellow with apical and basal dark markings......................................... quadrimaculata Olivier Elytra yellow with only apices dark brown...................................................... similis Olivier

Remarks. Olivier (1885) considered Luciola indica Motsch. approached Pyrophanes , and (1902) formally incorporated it. This species does not belong in Pyrophanes and is being addressed (Boontop, Lambkin and Ballantyne in prep.). Certain diagrams of the terminal abdomen of Pyrophanes are inaccurate e.g. Olivier (1885, Plate V, Fig.12 ) and Olivier (1907 Plate 3 Fig. 10 ) are inaccurate representations of the terminal ventrite; McDermott’s (1964) brief redescription of Pyrophanes was probably influenced by the atypical abdomen of P. macdermotti McLean which he is known to have examined at this time and he misinterpreted various aspects. Ballantyne in Calder (1998) synonymised Luciola complicata Lea from far north Queensland with Pyrophanes beccarii Olivier.

Figures

FIGURES 221–227. Pyrophanes spp. 221, 222 P. appendiculata (slides, USNM). 223, 224 Luciola venusta type male (MNHN). 225, 226 P. quadrimaculata type female (MNHN). 227 Luciola semilimbata type female (MNHN). 221 male, 222 female abdomens; 223, 225 dorsal; 224 ventral; 226 type labels. Figure legends: 1 anterior projection of aedeagal sheath sternite; 2 basal piece aedeagus; 3 lateral area anterior prolongation of T8; 4 posterior area of aedeagal sheath in region of paraprocts; 5 ventrolateral surface of T8 in spined area; 6 posterolateral area of T8; 7 anterior plates bursa; 8 posterior plates bursa; 9 median oviduct plate.

FIGURES 92–98. Colophotia plagiata bred female (USNM). 92, 93 dorsal (92) and ventral body; 94, 95 dorsal (94) and ventral abdomen (soaked in cold KOH), anterior apodeme of V8 arrowed in 95; 96–98 bursa ventral (96), and lateral (97, 98). Figure legends: 2 posterior plate; 3 anterior plate.

FIGURES 104–108. Colophotia females. 104–106 Colophotia praeusta female (USNM). 107, 108 C. plagiata male (USNM). 104, 105 dorsal (104) and ventral; 106 bursa and V8 ventral (2 posterior plate; 3 anterior plate); 107 abdomen LO segments ventral; 108 abdomen cleared in cold KOH from beneath. Figure legends: T7 tergite 7 anterior prolongations right side; T8 tergite 8.

FIGURES 9–17. Australoluciola anthracina type male, Cyclops (MNHN). 9, 10 dorsal (9) and ventral; 11 V6, 7 ventral; 12 pronotum dorsal; 13 type labels; 14 aedeagal sheath ventral; 15-17 aedeagus, dorsal (15), ventral (16) and lateral. These figures share scale lines: 15–17.