Aspilanta oinophylla (van Nieukerken & Wagner, 2012) Nieukerken & Eiseman, 2020

Nieukerken, Erik J. van & Eiseman, Charles S., 2020, Splitting the leafmining shield-bearer moth genus Antispila Huebner (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae): North American species with reduced venation placed in Aspilanta new genus, with a review of heliozelid morphology, ZooKeys 957, pp. 105-161 : 105

Aspilanta oinophylla (van Nieukerken & Wagner, 2012) comb. n. Figs 1 , 9 , 14-20 , 21 , 26 , 30 , 32 , 40 , 42 , 45 , 51-58

Antispila oinophylla van Nieukerken & Wagner, 2012: 38. Holotype ♂, USA: Georgia, Murray Co., Chattahoochee Nat. Forest, E of Chatsworth, GA rd 52, 523 m, 34.74066N, 84.71852W, hardwood forest along highway, leafmines on Vitis aestivalis var. aestivalis , 14.x.2010, EvN2010266, emerged 14.iv-4.v.2011, E.J. van Nieukerken & C. Doorenweerd, Genitalia slide EJvN 4204, RMNH.INS.24204 (RMNH) [examined].

Antispila oinophylla ; Wang et al. 2018: 1 [pheromones]; van Nieukerken and Pohl 2018: 42; Eiseman 2019: 726, 729, 733.

[ Antispila ampelopsifoliella ; Needham et al. 1928: 289 [partim]; Davis 1983b: 4 [partim]; Grehan et al. 1995: 46 [partim]; Laštůvka 2009: S57; van Nieukerken et al. 2011: 51. Misidentifications.]

[ Antispila ampelopsiella ; Chambers 1877: 195 [partim]; Chambers 1879: 126 [partim] Dyar et al. 1903: 539 [partim]; Barnes and McDunnough 1917: 181 [partim]; Forbes 1923: 226; McDunnough 1939: 91 [partim]; Brower 1984: 29 [partim]. Misidentifications.]

Differential diagnosis.

Wingspan ca. 4.8-6.2 mm, forewing length 2.3-2.8 mm. Externally inseparable from A. ampelopsifoliella and A. “Vitis1_USA”. The silvery white head separates it from A. voraginella and A. argentifera , and A. hydrangaeella has distinct white antennal tips. Male genitalia with characteristic long curved process and a comb of 10-12 large teeth at phallotrema; tegumen truncate; valvae with 10-12 pecten sensilla. Female oviscapt with more cusps (4-5 at either side) than A. ampelopsifoliella (3). Leafmines differ from other Vitaceae miners by compact size, rather short linear portion close to a vein and frass in concentric lines, especially in thin leaves.

Host plants.

Vitaceae : Parthenocissus quinquefolia , P. vitacea , Vitis aestivalis , V. labrusca , V. riparia , V. vinifera , V. vulpina .

Leafmines.

(Figs 51-58 ) Egg usually within 1-2 mm from a vein. The mine starts as a rather straight or slightly contorted linear mine towards the vein, usually forming a right angle and often following the vein for a short distance, then again turning away from the vein and expanding into a blotch. The linear portion of the mine is usually later incorporated into the blotch. The frass in the linear portion usually occupies the complete mine width, occasionally deposited in a thin line. In the blotch much of the blackish-brown frass is deposited close to the origin in semi-circular concentric frass lines, best seen in thin shade leaves; in sun-exposed leaves the frass pattern is often obscured. The whole mine occupies as a rule an area of less than 10 × 10 mm; only in thin leaves are mines appreciably larger. The larva cuts out an elliptic case ca. 3.2-4.0 mm long.

Larva.

Yellowish green, with green gut contents; head and prothorax brown.

Life history.

Larvae in Canada and NE United States in July, August and September, more south until October; in Italy in June-July and August-October. Adults from June to August; apparently bivoltine.

Distribution.

Canada: Ontario, Quebec; USA: Connecticut, Georgia, Kentucky, Massachusetts*, Minnesota*, New York, North Carolina*, Oklahoma*, Tennessee, Vermont, Wisconsin*; Europe: Italy (introduced).

Barcode.

BIN: BOLD:AAI4367 average distance 0.42%, max. distance 1.28% (n = 41), distance to nearest neighbour 9.79% ( A. voraginella ).

Parasitoids.

Eulophidae : Cirrospilus pictus (Nees, 1834) (Italy) (BOLD:ACZ7659), Cirrospilus sensu lato, including Burkseus (see Perry and Heraty 2019) (OK), Pediobius? albipes (Provancher, 1887) (NC); Braconidae : Gnamptodon sp. (NY) (BOLD:ACZ9790), Mirax sp. (VT) (BOLD:ACZ7174).

Remarks.

In the original description it was noted that the species had not been found on Parthenocissus in North America. Since then some specimens of this species were barcoded and reared from Parthenocissus by J.-F. Landry (material in CNC), in a situation where Vitis and Parthenocissus grew entangled. Even though this would weaken the argumentation about the identity of A. ampelopsifoliella by van Nieukerken et al. (2012), we observe that still the large majority of mines on Parthenocissus in North America that we have seen belong to other species. Selection of a Neotype for A. ampelopsifoliella should settle this nomenclatorial issue (see below).

Material.

Adults examined. CANADA - Ontario • 2; Normandale; 42.71N, 80.31W; Freeman & Lewis leg.; Vitis ; emerged 22-25 Mar. 1957; EventId: 56-168; CNCLEP00122325-00122326. • 2; Normandale; 42.71N, 80.31W; Freeman & Lewis leg.; Vitis ; emerged 19-25 Feb. 1960; EventId: 59-198; CNCLEP00122327-00122328. • 1 ♂; Ottawa; 45.41N, 75.69W; G.G.Lewis leg.; Vitis ; emerged 25 Feb. 1971; EventId: 70-53; Genitalia slide: MIC1871; CNCLEP00100104. • 1 ♀ 1; Ottawa; 45.41N, 75.69W; G.G.Lewis leg.; Parthenocissus ; emerged 15, 29 Mar. 1971; EventId: 70-48; Genitalia slide: MIC1877; CNCLEP00100105-00100106. • 1 ♂1 ♀ 3; Ottawa; 45.41N, 75.69W; Freeman, Lewis leg.; Vitis ; emerged 21 Mar. - 08 Apr. 1958; EventId: 57-112; Genitalia slide: MIC1872, MIC1873; CNCLEP00100467-00100468, 00122312-00122314. • 1 ♂ 1; Ottawa; 45.41N, 75.69W; T.N. Freeman leg.; Vitis ; emerged 16-18 Apr. 1957; EventId: 56-183; Genitalia slide: MIC1875; CNCLEP00122315, 00122316. • 1 ♂ 6; Overbrook; 45.42N, 75.65W; G.G. Lewis leg.; Vitis ; emerged 15-24 Aug. 1955, 04-06 Jul. 1956; EventId: 55-53; Genitalia slide: MIC1874, MIC1878; CNCLEP00122317 - 00122324. - Québec • 1; Gatineau, Aylmer, 48 rue du Couvent; 45.3967N, 75.849W; alt. 80 m; 14 Jul. 2010; J.-F. Landry leg.; Vitis riparia ; CNCLEP00097660. • 3; same data as preceding; emerged 31 Aug. - 02 Sep. 2011; CNCLEP00091691-00091693. • 4; same data as preceding; Parthenocissus quinquefolia ; emerged 01-02 Sep. 2011; CNCLEP00091694- 00091697. • 10; same data as preceding; alt. 80 m; J.-F. Landry leg.; Vitis riparia ; emerged 31 Aug. 2011; CNCLEP00097700-00097709. • 1; Hull; 45.435N, 75.708W; T.N. Freeman leg.; Vitis ; emerged 07 Jul. 1956; EventId: 55-228; CNCLEP00122305. • 3; Québec, Hull; 45.435N, 75.708W; T.N. Freeman leg.; Vitis ; emerged 01-07 Jul. 1956; EventId: 55-228; CNCLEP00122306-00122308. • 2; Hull; 45.435N, 75.708W; G.G. Lewis leg.; Vitis ; emerged 12-15 Aug. 1955; EventId: 55-60; CNCLEP00122309-00122310. • 1; Québec, Hull; 45.435N, 75.708W; G.G. Lewis leg.; Vitis ; emerged 30 Jun. 1956; EventId: 55-60; CNCLEP00122311.

USA - Oklahoma • 1; Payne Co., Mehan; 36.014339N, 96.996744W; 10 Jul. 2016; Michael W. Palmer leg.; Vitis ; emerged 10 Aug. 2016; EventId: CSE2971; CSEC. - Vermont • 1 ♂, 9; Addison Co, Button Bay SP, Lake Champlain borders; 44.18154N, 73.36892W; alt. 40-50 m; 16 Sep. 2011; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; Vitis riparia ; emerged 21 May-05 Jun. 2012; EventId: EvN no 2011253-1K; Genitalia slide: EvN4378; RMNH.INS.24378; RMNH.

Larvae and leafmines examined.

CANADA - Ontario • leafmines and larvae, rearing failed; Chatham-Kent Div., Rondeau Prov. Park, Campground; 42.3223N, 81.8438W; alt. 177 m; 24-25 Jul. 2015; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; Vitis riparia ; EventId: EvN no 2015091-1K; RMNH.INS.40130. • Haldimand Co., Dunnville, along Highway 3; 42.91708N, 79.58009W; alt. 180 m; 19 Jul. 2015; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; Vitis riparia ; EventId: EvN no 2015068-H/ EvN no 2015068-K; RMNH.INS.40089-40090. • Norfolk Co., Long Point Prov. Park, Cottonwood campground; 42.58039N, 80.4085W; alt. 174 m; 20 Jul. 2015; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; Vitis riparia ; EventId: EvN no 2015069-H/2015069-K; RMNH.INS.40091-40092. • Ottawa, Hintonburg, Bayview Rd; 45.40878N, 75.72459W; alt. 58 m; 12 Jul. 2018; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; Vitis riparia ; EventId: EvN no 2018081-H; RMNH.INS.46213. • Ottawa, Hintonburg, Fairmont Ave; 45.39979N, 75.72046W; alt. 67 m; 08 Sep. 2015; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; Vitis riparia ; EventId: EvN no 2015232-K; RMNH.INS.40384. • 3 larvae (used for transcriptome studies), leafmines; Ottawa, Parkdale, along Ottawa river; 45.41184N, 75.73369W; alt. 55 m; 13 Sep. 2015; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; Vitis riparia ; EventId: EvN no 2015246-M/2015246-K; RMNH.INS.30596-30598, 40403. • Ottawa, Parkdale, along Ottawa river; 45.41216N, 75.73006W; alt. 55 m; 13 Sep. 2015; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; Vitis riparia ; EventId: EvN no 2015245-K; RMNH.INS.40402. - Québec • Gatineau, Aylmer E, near Ottawa river; 45.39261N, 75.78704W; alt. 56 m; 12 Sep. 2015; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; Vitis riparia ; EventId: EvN no 2015235-K; RMNH.INS.40387.

USA - Massachusetts • Franklin Co., Northfield; 42.646762N, 72.42527W; 13 Sep. 2016; Charley Eiseman leg.; Vitis aestivalis ; CSEC.

BOLD data, material not examined.

CANADA - Ontario • 3; Grand Bend, Pinery Provincial Park, Site 2; 43.2699N, 81.8271W; alt. 178 m; 25 Jun.-09 Jul. 2014; CBG Collections Staff leg.; EventId: GMP#03351; BIOUG33534-B01, BIOUG33534-C01, BIOUG33534-D01. • 1; Point Pelee National Park, Cactus Field; 41.939N, 82.516W; alt. 168 m; 27 Jun.-04 Jul. 2012; Tyler Peters leg.; EventId: GMP#00175; BIOUG03514-B07. • 1; Wellington County, Puslinch Township, Concession 11/Hume Rd; 43.537N, 80.134W; alt. 320 m; 10-17 Jul. 2010; Paul Hebert leg.; EventId: L#PHPUS-016; BIOUG02834-E04. • 1; Lambton Co., Port Franks; 43.22N, 81.91W; 02 Jul. 2017; K. H. Stead leg.; EventId: KSLEP1081-17; KSLEP1081-17; Research Collection of Ken Stead. • 1; Lambton Co., Port Franks; 43.2257N, 81.916W; alt. 188 m; 30 Jul. 2012; K.H.Stead leg.; BIOUG20646-E04. • 1; same locality data as preceding; 02 Aug. 2012; K.H.Stead leg.; BIOUG16764-D05. - Québec • 1; Montreal, Montreal Botanical Garden, Trap 2; 45.5594N, 73.5668W; alt. 52 m; 11-18 Jun. 2014; Maxim Larrivee leg.; EventId: GMP#04699; BIOUG25652-B07.

ITALY - South Tyrol • 1; Bolzano, Kaltern/ Altenburger Wald, Umg. Ziegelstadel; 46.379N, 11.229E; alt. 705 m; 10 Aug. 2015; Huemer P. leg.; TLMF Lep 18731; TLMF.

Observations.

ITALY (all from http://www.lepiforum.de/lepiwiki.pl?Antispila_Oinophylla) - South Tyrol • 1 adult; Bolzano, Bozen-Rentsch; 46.502N, 11.366E; alt. 265 m; 08 Aug. 2014; Werner Pichler leg.. • many adults; South Tyrol, Bolzano, Bozen-St. Magdalena; 46.503N, 11.372E; alt. 250-600 m; 01 Jul.-30 Aug. 2015; Werner Pichler leg.; Vitis vinifera . • Bolzano, Eisacktal, Klausen; 46.64N, 11.56E; alt. 650 m; 09-11 Jul. 2019; Dieter Robrecht leg.; Parthenocissus vitacea ; Robrecht, Dieter, personal collection. • 15 adults; South Tyrol, Bolzano, Eisacktal, Klausen [Chiusa]; 46.64N, 11.56E; alt. 650 m; 09-11 Jul. 2019; Dieter Robrecht leg.; Vitis vinifera ; emerged 01-06 Aug. 2019; Robrecht, Dieter, personal collection.

USA - Minnesota • Wabasha Co., Weaver Dunes Preserve; 44.258N, 91.932W; 17 Jul. 2015; Charley Eiseman & Julia Blyth leg.; Vitis ; https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/44819628. - North Carolina • Durham Co., 17-acre wood preserve; 36.024N, 78.925W; 29 Sep. 2017; Tracy Feldman leg.; Vitis ; EventId: CSE4561; https://bugguide.net/node/view/1447964. - Wisconsin • Dane Co., Cross Plains; 43.12N, 89.66W; 19 Sep. 2011; Ilona Loser leg.; Vitis riparia ; https://bugguide.net/node/view/578758/bgimage.

Figures

Figures 1 - 8. Aspilanta species, mounted adult moths. 1 A. oinophylla, male, USA, VT, RMNH. INS. 24378 2 A. hydrangaeella, female, USA, NC, RMNH. INS. 25191 3 A. ampelopsifoliella, male, USA, CT, RMNH. INS. 24377 4 A argentifera, female, USA, MA, RMNH. INS. 25019 5 A. voraginella, male, USA, AZ, RMNH. INS. 23918 6 A. argentifera, female holotype 7 Undescribed species in unnamed genus 14 (" Neospila "), male, Chile, Osorno, 20 km W of Entre Lagos, 17. x. 1981, leg. Nielsen & Karsholt, genitalia slide EJvN 4632, ZMUC 8 A. viticordifoliella, female, Canada, Ottawa, from Parthenocissus, CNCLEP 00122404. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figures 9 - 11. Aspilanta species, denuded wings, showing venation. 9 A. oinophylla, male, veins labelled, RMNH. INS. 24257 10 A. hydrangaeella, female, RMNH. INS. 25191 11 A. ampelopsifoliella, male, RMNH. INS. 24376. Scale bars: 500 μm.

Figures 14 - 20. Aspilanta oinophylla, adult (male) morphology, RMNH. INS. 24440. 14, 15 Head, anterior and posterior views 16, 17 Detail of mouthparts, anterior and posterior views; m = mandible 18 Detail of flagellomeres, middle part of antenna, showing scale sockets of two scale rings per flagellomere 19 Forewing, underside, detail of retinaculum 20 Prothorax with forelegs. Scale bars: 100 μm, 200 μm (20).

Figures 21 - 28. Aspilanta species, male genitalia. 21 A. oinophylla, phallus separate, RMNH. INS. 23920 22 A. ampelopsifoliella, phallus in situ, RMNH. INS. 24376 23 A. hydrangaeella, phallus in situ, RMNH. INS. 25192 24 A. voraginella, phallus separate, holotype, slide EJvN 3916 25 ditto, detail of transtilla 26 A. oinophylla, detail valva (flattened), RMNH. INS. 15247 27, 28 A. hydrangaeella, RMNH. INS. 25190, details of resp. tegumen and valvae. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Figures 29 - 33. Aspilanta species, female genitalia. 29 A. argentifera, RMNH. INS. 25019 30 A. oinophylla, RMNH. INS. 24211. 31 - 33 Tip of oviscapt: 31 A. argentifera, RMNH. INS. 25019 32 A. oinophylla, RMNH. INS. 24211 33 A. ampelopsifoliella, RMNH. INS. 15220. Scale bars: 200 μm (29, 30); 50 μm (31 - 33).

Figures 34 - 42. Aspilanta species, larval morphology, final feeding instar (4 th) and non-feeding instar (5 th, 36). 34 A. ampelopsifoliella, ventral aspect, ethanol preserved larva, RMNH. INS. 18672 P 35 A. viticordifoliella, ventral aspect, ethanol preserved larva, RMNH. INS. 18509 P 36 A. argentifera, head capsule, RMNH. INS. 18566 P 37 - 39 A. ampelopsifoliella, head and thorax, resp. focussed at mid levels (head only), dorsally and ventrally, RMNH. INS. 18672 P 40 A. oinophylla, head and thorax, RMNH. INS. 18394 P 41 A. ampelopsifoliella, last 3 abdominal segments, dorsal aspect, RMNH. INS. 18672 P 42 A. oinophylla, last 3 abdominal segments, ventral aspect, RMNH. INS. 18394 P. Scale bars: 1 mm (34, 35), 100 μm (36, 37, 41, 42), 200 μm (38 - 40).

Figures 45 - 50. Aspilanta species, live adult moths. 45 A. oinophylla, male, Italy, Suedtirol, Eisacktal, Klausen, 650 m, e. l. 1. viii. 2019, photograph Dieter Robrecht 46 A. hydrangaeella, female, dorsal view, NC, photograph EJvN 47 A. ampelopsifoliella, female, Pelham MA, photograph CSE 48 A. ampelopsifoliella, male, dorsal view, VT, photograph EJvN 49 A. argentifera, female, Stockbridge MA, photograph CSE 50 A. viticordifoliella, female, Pelham MA, photograph CSE.

Figures 51 - 58. Aspilanta oinophylla, leafmines, larvae and shields. 51, 52 GA, Chattahoochee NF, 14. x. 2010, type locality, Vitis aestivalis, EvN 2010266 53, 56 MA, Northfield, 13. ix. 2016, V. riparia, CSE 54, 58 TN, Great Smoky Mts NP, 2. x. 2010, V. vulpina, EvN 2010119 55, 57 VT, Button Bay SP, 16. ix. 2011, V. riparia, EvN 2011253.