Jollas cupreus W. Maddison, 2020

Maddison, Wayne P., Maddison, David R., Derkarabetian, Shahan & Hedin, Marshal, 2020, Sitticine jumping spiders: phylogeny, classification, and chromosomes (Araneae, Salticidae, Sitticini), ZooKeys 925, pp. 1-54 : 1

Jollas cupreus W. Maddison sp. nov. Figures 7 , 108-111 , 113-119

Type material.

Male holotype and 2 male, 3 female paratypes from Ecuador: Orellana: Río Bigal Reserve, main camp area. 0.5251, -77.4177. 950 m elev. 1-5 November 2010. W & D Maddison, M Vega, M Reyes. WPM#10-041c. The holotype (specimen ECU2010-2060) pertains to the Museum of Zoology, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Quito, Ecuador (QCAZ), but is currently held in the Spencer Entomological Collection at the Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia (UBC-SEM).

Etymology.

Refers to the copper colour of males.

A species common in eastern Ecuador on disturbed open grassy ground. It was used in the molecular phylogenetic study of Maddison and Hedin (2003) under the name " Jollas sp." (voucher S162) from Sucumbios, Ecuador.

Diagnosis.

Differs from the very similar Jollas puntalara Galiano, 1991 in the thinner and straighter RTA and the angle at which the embolus arises. The RTA is more or less straight until a curl at the tip, but it narrows dramatically for its terminal three quarters (Fig. 109 ), whereas in J. puntalara (Galiano, 1991b: fig. 26) it bends at the midpoint and thins much less dramatically. The embolus of J. cupreus , as it arises, proceeds directly to the prolateral, thus generating an angle in the retrolateral-basal corner of the bulb (like a chin pointing to the retrolateral), while the embolus of J. puntalara emerges angled toward the basal, leaving the bulb more rounded (arrow in Fig. 112 ). These differences are small but consistent, insofar as all Ecuadorian specimens show the distinct “chin” at the base of the embolus and the narrower RTA. It might usually be conservative to leave such close forms as a single species, but given that there is considerable data (molecular phylogenetic and chromosome) attached to the Ecuadorian form, it is safer to name it and thus provide an unambiguous anchor for these data. (Cristian Grismado kindly supplied photographs of Galiano’s (1991b) holotype of Jollas puntalara to facilitate our comparison, although these differences can be seen as well in her figures 26 and 29.)

Description.

Male (holotype). Carapace length 1.37; abdomen length 1.16. Carapace orange with a black ocular area, mostly glabrous, with only a few scattered setae. Clypeus orange-brown. Chelicerae vertical, orange. Palp orange-brown except for dark brown cymbium, with dark setae except brilliant white patch of setae dorsally on patella. Legs long, especially the first and fourth. Legs honey coloured to orange-brown except for a strong black line on prolateral-ventral face of first patella, tibia and metatarsus. Embolus arises at ca. 5 o’clock and curls half-way around bulb. Tibia somewhat bulbous, broad, with bases of setae on retrolateral side forming row of tubercles. RTA begins broad but then narrows abruptly at ca. one quarter its length, from which point it proceeds straight until just before the tip, where it curls. Abdomen orange-brown, with black scalloped patch covering dorsum, covered with metallic scales. A patch of bright white setae sits above the anal tubercle.

Female (paratype). Carapace length 1.36; abdomen length 1.89. Much darker than the male in body and appendages (Figs 130 , 131 ). Carapace dark brown, black in ocular area, sparsely covered with paler scales. Clypeus and chelicerae brown, more or less glabrous. Chelicerae brown, more or less. Palps and legs honey coloured but with strongly contrasting black markings: annulae at joints, black stripes or patches on front and back faces of femora, and black stripe on front face of first and second tibiae. Abdomen black but with reflective metallic scales. Epigyne (Figs 110 , 111 ) with distinctive dark inverted “V” in which are the narrow openings into the copulatory ducts, though lateral pockets may lead the embolus to the openings.

Additional material.

22 males and 6 females from: Ecuador: Napo: Tarapoa. 23 June - 1 July 1988 W. Maddison WPM#88-002 (1 male); Ecuador: Napo: bridge over Rio Cuyabeno on road to Tipishca. 25-30 June 1988 W. Maddison WPM#88-004 (1 male 1 female); Ecuador: Napo: bridge over Rio Cuyabeno on road to Tipishca. 29-30 July 1988 W. Maddison WPM#88-018 (4 males 2 females); Ecuador: Napo: Reserva Faunistica de Cuyabeno, Laguna Grande, Sendero La Hormiga. 2-5 August 1988 W. Maddison WPM#88-023 (2 males); Ecuador: Napo: Reserva Faunistica de Cuyabeno, Laguna Grande, PUCE field station. 1-7 August 1988 W. Maddison WPM#88-025 (1 male); Ecuador: Napo: bridge over Rio Cuyabeno on road from Lago Agrio to Tipishca. 8-9 August 1988 W. Maddison WPM#88-027 (1 male); Ecuador: Sucumbios: Reserva Faunistica Cuyabeno, Laguna Grande, PUCE field station. 0.002, -76.172. 21-29 July 1989 W. Maddison WPM#89-032 (1 male); Ecuador: Sucumbios: bridge over Rio Cuyabeno on road between Tarapoa and Tipishca, 0.025, -77.308. 29 July 1989 W. Maddison WPM#89-036 (1 male); Ecuador: Sucumbios: Reserva Faunistica Cuyabeno, Nuevo Mundo cabins along Rio Cuyabeno at jcn with Lago Agrio-Tipishca HWY 19-29 April 1994 W. Maddison WPM#94-021 (3 males); Ecuador: Sucumbios: Reserva Faunistica Cuyabeno, Nuevo Mundo cabins, jcn Rio Cuyabeno & Lago Agrio-Tipishca HWY tree trunks 19-29 April 1994 W. Maddison WPM#94-023 (1 male); Ecuador: Morona Santiago: km 3 from Limón towards Gualaceo. 2.9663, -78.4209; 1250 m el. 12 July 2004 Maddison, Agnarsson, Iturralde, Salazar. WPM#04-030 (1 male 2 females); Ecuador: Morona Santiago: km 4 from Limón towards Gualaceo. 2.9808, -78.4414; 1380 m el. 12 July 2004 Maddison, Agnarsson, Iturralde, Salazar. WPM#04-031 (2 males); Ecuador: Orellana: Yasuní Res.Stn.area, Station area 0.675, -76.397 210-280 m elev. 26 July - 13 Aug 2011 Maddison/Piascik/Vega WPM#11-015 (2 males); Ecuador: Orellana: Yasuní Res.Stn.area, Station area 0.674, -76.397 210-280 m elev. Clearings, forest edge 8-9.Aug.2011 Maddison/ Piascik/Vega. WPM#11-104 (1 male); Ecuador: Orellana: Río Bigal Reserve, boundary along road. 0.541, -77.424. 970 m elev. 5 November 2010. M Vega, D & W Maddison, M Reyes. WPM#10-048 (1 female). (Note: the province Sucumbios was established after 1988; the 1988 localities listed as Napo Province would now all be in Sucumbios.).

Figures

Figures 1 - 14. Subtribe Aillutticina (1 - 4) and the Jollas - Tomis clade of the subtribe Sitticina (5 - 14) 1 - 4 Aillutticus nitens, Uruguay (- 34.877, - 56.023): 1 - 3 male 4 female 5, 6 Tomis palpalis male and female, Ecuador (- 0.1996, - 77.7023) 7, 8 Jollas species: 7 J. cupreus male, Ecuador (- 0.675, - 76.397) 8 Jollas sp. female, Ecuador (- 0.7223, - 77.6408) 9 J. leucoproctus, Uruguay (- 34.94, - 54.95) 10 J. flabellatus, Uruguay (- 34.426, - 55.195) 11 - 14 Attinella dorsata male (11 - 13) and female (14), Canada (48.870, - 123.379). Also included in the Jollas - Tomis clade is Sittisax (Figs 99 - 103). Additional members of the Jollas - Tomis clade can be seen in Figs 108 - 128.

Figures 108 - 119. Jollas cupreus, sp. nov. (except 112, J. puntalara) 108, 109 Left palp of holotype 108 ventral view 109 retrolateral view 110 ventral view of epigyne of paratype 111 dorsal view of same, cleared 112 palp of holotype of J. puntalara Galiano 113 - 115 holotype male 116 male from Yasuni, Ecuador (- 0.675, - 76.397) 117 holotype male in alcohol 118, 119 paratype female.

Figures 129 - 139. Chromosomes of first meiotic division in males of the Jollas - Tomis clade 129, 130 Attinella concolor, with only seven pairs of autosomes, but each two-armed, 14 m + Xm 0, Florida (29.63 N, 82.37 W) 131 Tomis manabita, showing the two Xs off to one pole, and 13 acrocentric bivalents on the metaphase plate, Ecuador (0.9 S, 80.5 W) 132 - 136 Sittisax ranieri, whose distinctive XmXaYm appears as a rabbit head with a droopy ear. White triangles show points where two bivalents are apparently linked together 134 - 136 details of XXY of S. ranieri 137 - 139 Sittisax saxicola, with sex chromsomes, interpreted tentatively as XaXaXaYm, appearing as a rabbit head with three ears, Switzlerland (46.9 N, 9.2 E).