Pison suspiciosum F. Smith, 1858

Pulawski, Wojciech J., 2018, A Revision of the Wasp Genus Pison Jurine, 1808 of Australia and New Zealand, New Guinea, and the Pacific Islands (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 65, pp. 1-584 : 558-564

Pison suspiciosum F. Smith

Figures 1362-1369.

Pison suspiciosum F. Smith, 1858a:104 , ♀ (as suspiciosus, incorrect original termination). Holotype by monotypy: ♀, Singapore (OXUM), examined. – F. Smith, 1863b:135 (known from Singapore), 1869:291 (in checklist of Pison ), 1871:366 (in catalog of Oriental Aculeata); Kohl, 1885:188 (in checklist of world Pison ); Cameron, 1889:118 (in checklist of Oriental Pison ); Bingham, 1897:219 (in revision of Indian and Pakistani aculeates); Dalla Torre, 1897:713 (in catalog of world Hymenoptera ); Rothney, 1903:104 ( India: West Bengal: Barrackpore); Turner, 1916b:625 (as new synonym of Pison punctifrons ); Pagden, 1934:461 (Malay Peninsula; nests build of mud; prey: mainly immature Pardosa sp. , Lycosidae , and a few immature Atttidae); Iwata, 1964b:375 (nesting habits in Thailand).

Pison fabricator F. Smith, 1869:297 , ♀. Holotype: ♀, China: Hong Kong (BMNH), examined. New synonym. – Kohl, 1885a:186 (in checklist of world Pison ); Dalla Torre, 1897:711 (in catalog of world Hymenoptera ); Strand, 1913b:164 ( Taiwan, redescription); Turner, 1916b:625 (as new synonym of Pison punctifrons ); Sonan, 1927:136 (Taiwan), 1931:7 (Pescadores Islands); Yasumatsu, 1933:265 ( Japan: Island of Ishigaki), corrected to Pison punctifrons by Tsuneki, 1982g:60; Katayama, 1934:225 (nesting habits).

Pison striolatum Cameron, 1897:82 , ♀. Holotype by monotypy: ♀, India: Uttarakhand: Mussooree (OXUM), examined. New synonym. – Bingham, 1897:220 (in revision of Indian and Pakistani aculeates); Turner, 1916b:625 (as new synonym of Pison punctifrons ); S. Gupta, 1995:86 ( India: Uttar Pradesh).

Pison lagunae Ashmead, 1904:131 , ♂. Holotype: ♂, Philippines: Luzon: Laguna de Bay (USNM). New synonym. – Ashmead, 1904d:150 (listed); R. Brown, 1906:687 (in catalog of Philippine Hymenoptera ); R. Turner, 1916b:625 (probably a synonym of Pison punctifrons ); Swezey, 1942:185 ( Guam); Giner Marí, 1945c:857 ( India: Maharashtra: Bandra); Krombein, 1949b:400 (as new synonym of Pison punctifrons ).

Pison javanum Cameron, 1905:63 , ♂ (as javanus, incorrect original termination). Holotype or syntypes: ♂, Indonesia: Java: Tjandi near Semarang (Amsterdam). New synonym. – R. Turner, 1916b:625S (as new synonym of Pison punctifrons ).

Pison japonicum Gussakovskij, 1937:627 , ♂. Holotype: ♂, Japan: no specific locality (ZIN). New synonym. – Tsuneki, 1964:49 (as new synonym of Pison punctifrons ).

As Pison punctifrons : Bingham, 1897:219 (in revision of Indian and Pakistani aculeates), 1908:355 ( India: Purneah, now Purnia); Turner, 1916b:595 (in key to Pison of India), 625 (synonymy); Maidl, 1925:390 ( Indonesia: Sumatra); Yasumatsu, 1935:236 (in revision of Japanese Pison : Honshu, Amami Oshima and Bonin Islands), 1936:361 (Bonin = Ogasawara Islands), 1937:134 ( Carolina Islands : Palau Islands); Iwata, 1939:170 (nesting habits, in Japanese); Yasumatsu, 1939:83 (in key to Pison of eastern Asia, in checklist of Pison of Japanese Empire; Krombein, 1949b:384 (in key to Sphecidae of Micronesia), 400 (Marshall, Mariana, and Caroline Islands), 1950b:139 (additional Micronesian localities); Yasumatsu, 1953:134 (in list of Pison of Pacific islands), 145 (bibliographic references; Micronesia); Iwata and Yoshikawa, 1961:399 ( Thailand); Tsuneki, 1962:5 ( Japan: Ryukyus Islands: Island of Amami-Oshima); Iwata, 1964b:5 (nesting habits); Tano, 1964:38 ( Japan: Kyushu: Island of Yakushima); Tsuneki, 1964:49 (in key to Trypoxylini of Japan; Japan, Korea; synonymy); Baltazar, 1966:335 (in catalog of Hymenoptera of Philippines); Tsuneki, 1967d:20 (Taiwan); Haneda, 1968a:44 ( Japan), 1968b:55 ( Japan: Nagano Prefecture: Ina District); Tsuneki, 1968c:54 (Taiwan), 1970:8 (nesting habits); Haneda, 1971:31 (Taiwan); Tsuneki, 1971:19 (Taiwan); Yamada, 1971:35 ( Japan: Aichi Prefecture); Haneda, 1972:5 (Taiwan); Tano, 1972:24 ( Japan: Ryukyus Islands); Haneda, 1973:30 ( Japan: Bonin Islands: Chichijimas Islands); Murota, 1973a:101 ( Japan: Ryukyus Islands: Amami Group), 1973b:117 (Taiwan); Tsuneki, 1974:636 ( Thailand); Nambu, 1975:62 ( Japan: Saitama Prefecture); Tsuneki, 1976:94 ( Philippines), 1977:277 (Taiwan), 1982b:16 (known from Korea), 1982c:60 (know from the Ryukyu archipelago), 1982d:10 (Taiwan), 1983a:86 ( Philippines), 102 (in key to Pison of Philippines), 1983c:42 (in key to Pison of New Guinea), 1984a:4 (Ogasawara = Bonin Islands); Paik, 1985:199 (in list of Sphecidae of Korea); Radović, 1985:65 (sting apparatus analyzed); Takahashi 1993:3 ( Japan: Island of Hachijo-Jima); Miyatake, 1996:101 (specimens in Hiroshi Aoki collection); Wu and Zhou, 1996a:100 (in revision in Economic Insect Fauna of China); Porter, Stange, and Wang, 1999:9 (in checklist of Sphecidae of Taiwan); Yamane, Ikudome, and Terayama, 1999:529 (in Identification Guide to Crabronidae of Nansei = Ryukyu Islands, Japan); Lee and Shin, 2000:24, 25, 27 ( Korea: Suwon and Kwangju-gun); Krombein and Norden, 2001:276 (nesting habits); Haneda, Nosaka, Tano, Kurokawa, and Murota, 2004:32 ( Japan: Gifu Prefecture), 2005:47 ( Japan: Gifu Prefecture); Hua, 2006:282 (in list of Chinese insects, geographic distribution); Haneda, Nozaka, Tano, Kurokawa, H. Murota, and T. Murota, 2007:54 ( Japan: Amami Oshima Islands); Terayama and Nambu, 2009:2, 23 (in key to Trypoxylini of Japan); Takahashi, 2010:19 ( Japan: in list of Hymenoptera of Ogasawara = Bonin islands); Haneda, 2011:46 ( Philippines: Palawan); T. Li, and Q. Li, 2011:62 (in key to Pison of China); Kim, 2014:438 (in catalog of Sphecidae s.l. of Korean Peninsula).

As Pison sp. : Fullaway, 1913:283 ( Guam), corrected to Pison punctifrons by Krombein, 1949b:400.

INTERPRETATION OF PISON SUSPICIOSUM .– Turner (1916b) synonymized Pison suspiciosum , P. fabricator , P. striolatum , and P. javanum with Pison punctifrons , as did Krombein (1949b) with P. lagunae and Tsuneki (1964) with P. japonicum . This interpretation has been followed by all the XXth and XXIst century authors. My examination of the holotypes of the first three species has demonstrated that they are indeed conspecific but clearly different from P. punctifrons . The latter species (whose holotype I have also examined) is actually the valid name for P. nitidum , P. collare , P. papuanum , and P. bismarckianum

RECOGNITION.– Pison suspiciosum is characterized by the setae on tergum I erect combined with the conspicuously, coarsely punctate frons (some punctures as large as 0.4 × midocellar diameter) and conspicuously ridged propodeal dorsum. It resembles P. punctifrons and P. pandambai , but differs in having the propodeum with a longitudinal carina separating the dorsum from the side (carina rudimentary in some specimens, absent in the other two species), the hindcoxal dorsum with an insignificant tooth at the base of the inner carina (rather than prominent), and male sternum VIII conspicuously emarginate (Fig. 1366), rather than with a prominent median process. In many specimens the apical depression of tergum I is unsculptured mesally (rather than punctate throughout), and in most specimens tergum II (also following terga in many specimens) basolaterally has suberect setae about as long as the midocellar diameter (rather than appressed).

Pison suspiciosum is also similar to P. atrum (Spinola) , a Western Palearctic and Afrotropical species. In P. suspiciosum , however, the propodeum has a longitudinal carina separating the dorsum from the side, the propodeal dorsum is obliquely ridged (punctate between ridges), the punctures of tergum IV are about as sparse as those of tergum II, and in many specimens the apical depression of tergum I is unsculptured. In P. atrum the propodeum lacks the longitudinal carina, the propodeal dorsum is punctate or punctatorugose, the punctures of tergum IV are denser than those of tergum II, and the apical depression of tergum I is punctate.

JUSTIFICATION OF NEW SYNONYMY. – Until now, Pison suspiciosum , P. fabricator , P. striolatum , P. lagunae , P. javanum , and P. japonicum were considered to be junior synonyms of P. punctifrons . I have examined the type specimens of the first three species and have found them to be conspecific, but different from P. punctifrons (whose holotype I have also studied). I have not seen the types of P. lagunae , P. javanum and P. japonicum , which were synonymized with P. punctifrons (i.e., P. suspiciosum ) by Krombein (1949b), Turner (1916b), and Tsuneki (1964), respectively. However, the origin of these types (clearly beyond the range of P. punctifrons ), combined with a conspicuous punctation of the frons, convincingly supports their synonymy with P. suspiciosum .

DESCRIPTION.– Frons dull, conspicuously punctate (some punctures equal to 0.4 × midocellar diameter), punctures contiguous (Fig. 1365). Gena narrow in dorsal view. Labrum not emarginate. Anteromedian pronotal pit transversely elongate, about 2.5 × as long as midocellar diameter. Scutum not foveate along flange, with short longitudinal ridges adjacent to posterior margin; scutal punctures well defined, varying from 1-2 diameters apart to less than one diameter apart; interspaces unsculptured. Scutellum inconspicuously foveate along anterior margin. Tegula slightly enlarged. Mesopleural punctures well defined, mostly less than one diameter apart, but those near center about one diameter apart. Postspiracular carina present, about 1.5 × as long as midocellar diameter. Metapleural sulcus costulate between dorsal and ventral metapleural pits. Propodeum with longitudinal carina separating side from dorsum and posterior surface, but carina evanescent or absent in many specimens along posterior surface; dorsum conspicuously, obliquely ridged, punctate between ridges (ridges greatly reduced, present only in basal central half, in female from 19 km N Kalabakan , Malaysia); side with conspicuous punctures, in most specimens unsculptured except ridged anterodorsally and posteriorly, but all ridged in some; posterior surface punctate in most specimens from Singapore and some from Thailand, and those from Java and Laos); punctures of tergum IV about as sparse as those of tergum II. Sterna punctate throughout, punctures of sternum II well defined, averaging several diameters apart mesally.

Setae silvery, erect on upper frons, postocellar area, scutum, femoral venters, tergum I, and sternum II (on whole gaster in some populations, e.g., those from Thailand and Taiwan), on scutum slightly longer than midocellar diameter; on tergum II basolaterally, in most specimens, suberect, about as long as midocellar diameter (also on following terga in many specimens); on lower gena straight (slightly curved), up to 2.0 × midocellar diameter long; not concealing integument on clypeus in female, largely concealing in male. Apical depressions of terga in female with silvery setal fasciae loose, suberect, ill defined, absent in male.

Body all black.

♀.– Upper interocular distance equal to 0.72-0.74 × lower interocular distance; ocellocular distance equal to 0.6 × hindocellar diameter, distance between hindocelli equal to 0.7-0.8 × hindocellar diameter; eye height equal to 0.94-1.00 × distance between eye notches. Free margin of clypeal lamella in most specimens arcuate, nonprominent (Fig. 1362), but roundly triangular in those from Ambon and Halmahera islands, Indonesia, and in specimens from Japan, Taiwan, and China (Fig. 1363). Dorsal length of flagellomere I 2.4-2.7 × apical width, of flagellomere IX 1.4 × apical width. Length 6.0- 8.5 mm; head width 1.9-2.4 mm.

♂.– Upper interocular distance equal to 0.80-0.82 × lower interocular distance; ocellocular distance equal to 0.9-1.1 × hindocellar diameter, distance between hindocelli equal to 1.0-1.2 × hindocellar diameter; eye height equal to 0.92-0.96 × distance between eye notches. Free margin of clypeal lamella obtusely angulate (Fig. 1364). Dorsal length of flagellomere I 1.9-2.0 × apical width, of flagellomere X 1.0-1.1 × apical width. Sternum VIII conspicuously emarginate apically (Fig. 1366). Genitalia: Figs. 1367, 1368. Length 6.2-7.6 mm; head width 2.0- 2.3 mm.

NESTING HABITS.– The nesting habits of Pison suspiciosum were observed by Katayama (1934, as P. fabricator ) in Japan, by Pagden (1934, as P. suspiciosum ) in Malaysia, by Iwata (1964, as P. suspiciosum ) in Thailand, by Tsuneki (1970, as P. punctifrons ) in Japan, and by Krombein and Norden (2001, as P. punctifrons ) in Sri Lanka. Katayama listed the following prey: Allagelena opulenta (L. Koch) , as Agelena opalenta L. Koch ( Agelenidae ), Plexippoides doenitzi (Karsch) , as Hasarius doenitzi Karsch ( Salticidae ), and Plexippus paykulli (Audouin) ( Salticidae ). According to Pagden, the nests are found in houses, e.g., under the ledges of tables and windows, and are made out of mud, clearly in contradiction with the subsequent authors (suggesting that the species he observed was not punctifrons ). The prey were chiefly immature Pardosa ( Lycosidae ) and a few immature Attidae . Iwata examined three nests, one in a beetle burrow in hard wood, and two in slender bamboo tubes. Individual cells contained 18 to 20 prey. The prey species were the following: Araneidae : Argiope sp. ; Salticidae : Menemerus fulvus (L. Koch) (as Menemerus confusus Boesenberg and Strand ), Myrmarachne japonica (Karsch) , Phintella versicolor (C.L. Koch) (as Jotus munitus Boesenberg and Strand ), Plexippus paykulli (Audouin) , Silerella vittata (Karsch) , nomen dubium; Tetragnathidae : Tetragnatha squamata (Karsch) ; Theridiidae : Parasteatoda japonica (Bösenberg & Strand) (as Theridion japonicum Boesenberg and Strand ), Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C. L. Koch) (as Theridion tepidariorum C. Koch ). Tsuneki observed three cells in the pith cavity of the Miscanthus grass of a thatched roof of an abandoned horse pen. Two cells were completed and sealed off, and they contained 22 and 24 unnamed young spider prey. The partitions between the cells were made of mud and they were very fragile. The third cell continued to be provisioned. Krombein and Norden used artificial nest consisting of wood blocks with a drilled hole. They examined a total of four nests; three of them contained two, three, and four larval cells, respectively, 11-13 mm long (including 0.5 mm mud plug); one nest contained two intercalary cells 6 and 20 mm long, respectively. One nest contained unidentified juveniles of Cyrtophora Simon ? ( Araneidae ), a member of Oxyopidae , and of Brettus Thorell and Rhene Thorell ( Salticidae ).

Several cells observed by Iwata were infested with larvae of Melittobia sp. ( Eulophidae ) and a tachinid fly.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION (Fig. 1369).–

Pison suspiciosum is essentially an Oriental species (southern China, India, Indonesia,

Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka,

Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam), but it also occurs in Korea, on the island of Honshu, Japan,

and on several of the Pacific Islands (Carolines,

Hawaii, Mariana, Marshall, New Caledonia,

and Palau Islands).

RECORDS.– CHINA (Hua, 2006): Guandong,

Fujian, Hebei, Heilongjiang, and Jiangsu provinces:

FIGURE 1369. Collecting localities of Pison suspiciosum no specific localities). Also Fujian: Fuzhou (Turner, F. Smith.

1916b, as Foo Chow), Hong Kong (F. Smith, 1869),

and Yunnan: Simao: Jingdong: Jingping at 24°24ʹN 100°48ʹE (1 ♀, 1 ♂, CAS) .

FEDERATE STATES OF MICRONESIA (Krombein, 1949, 1950; Yasumatsu, 1953, or as indicated): Fais Island (1 ♀, BISH) , Falalop Island (3 ♀, BISH) , Kosrae Island (as Kusaie ): Mutunlik (1 ♀, BISH) , Machiro Island, Pohnpei Island (formerly Ponape): Kolonia (1 ♀, BISH) and Tolenot Peak (1 ♀, BISH) , Yap Island (1 ♀, BISH) .

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: Oahu: Waipio (1 ♀, BISH) .

INDIA: Bihar: Purnia (Bingham, 1908) . Kerala: Bonaccord (1 ♀, CAS) . Maharashtra: Bandra, a southern suburb of Mumbai (Giner Marí, 1945). Rajasthan: Barathpur (1 ♀, 1 ♂, RMNH). Union Territory of Puducherry: Karaikal (1 ♀, RMNH) . Uttarakhand: Mussoorie (Cameron, 1897, as striolatum ). West Bengal: Barrackpore (Rothney, 1903).

INDONESIA: Ambon: Waai 1 ♀, BISH), no specific locality (1 ♂, BISH; 3 ♀, RMNH) . Halmahera: between Payahe and Gila Woda (10 ♀, RMNH) . Java: Ambarawa (4 ♀, RMNH) , Bogor (2 ♀, RMNH) , Bogor: Botgurd (1 ♀, BISH) , Jakarta (3 ♀, 1 ♂, RMNH, as Batavia), Japara (1 ♂, RMNH) , Semarang (1 ♂, RMNH) , Tjandi near Semarang (Cameron, 1905), Wangoen (5 ♀, 3 ♂, RMNH) , no specific locality (2 ♀, RMNH) , also “ G. Benbreng, Djambang Wetan” (1 ♂, RMNH) . Lombok: Suranadi near Mataram (1 ♀, RMNH) . Sula Islands: Mangole: near Buya (1 ♀, RMNH) , Taliabu: near Tubang (1 ♀, RMNH) . Sulawesi: Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park (3 ♀, BMNH, as Dumoga Bone National Park ) . Sumatra: Bukittinggi (Maidl, 1925, as Fort de Kock ), Ketambe (3 ♀, RMNH) , Pakanbaru (4 ♀, RMNH) , western Sumatra: no specific locality (2 ♀, RMNH) . Also specimens labeled “ G. Besser, Djampang Wetan” (4 ♀, RMNH) .

JAPAN (Yasumatsu, 1935 if not indicated otherweise): Honshu: Aichi Prefecture (Yamada, 1971), Gifu Prefecture (Haneda, Nosaka, Tano, Kurokawa, and Murota, 2004, 2005), Hachijo-jima Island in Izu Islands (Takahashi, 1993), Ikeda (Iwata, 1964), Ina District in Mount Haku in Ishikawa Prefecture (Tsuneki, 1970), Nagano Prefecture (Haneda, 1968), Kofu, Onomichi, Saitama Prefecture (Nambu, 1975) . Kyushu: Amakusa Islands : Tomiola Tororo, Kagoshima . Ogasawara (= Bonin) Islands: no specific locality ( Yasumatsu , 1936), Chichijima Island (1 ♀, 1 ♂, BISH) . Ryukyu Islands (Tsuneki, 1982c or as indicated): Akagina on Amami Oshima Island (1 ♂, CAS), Akaogi on Amami Oshima Island (2 ♀, 2 ♂, CAS, 1 ♀, 1 ♂ determined as Pison punctifrons by K. Tsuneki, 1962), Nase (1 ♂, CAS), and Nishinakama on Amami Oshima Island (also Murota, 1973a), Tokunoshima Island (Tsuneki, 1968a), Yakushima Island (Tano, 1972) . Yaeyama Islands: Ishigaki Island (Yasumatsu, 1933) .

KOREAN PENINSULA: no specific locality (Tsuneki, 1982a). SOUTH KOREA (Lee and Shin, 2000; Kim, 2014): Gyeonggi Province: Kwangju-gun. Suwon Province: Mount Kwangkyo .

LAOS: Khammouane Province: Phon Tiou (1 ♀, BISH) . Vientiane Province: Ban Van Eue (1 1 ♀, BISH) .

MALAYSIA (EAST): Sabah: near Darum Valley Field Center (4 ♀, RMNH) , forest camp 19 km N Kalabakan (2 ♀, 1 ♂, BISH) , Kalabakan (2 ♀, 2 ♂, CAS) , Kota Kinabalu (4 ♀, 2 ♂, CAS) , Long Pasia (1 ♀, RMNH) , Luasong (1 ♀, 2 ♂, CAS) , Pangkalan Tebang (1 ♂, BISH) , Payakalaba near Long Pasia (1 ♀, RMNH) , Poring Hot Spring (1 ♂, CAS) , Sebatik Island (1 ♀, CAS) , Segaliud Lokan Forest Reserve (1 ♀, 1 ♂, CAS) , Sepilok Forest Reserve (1 ♀, CAS) , Silabukan Forest Reserve (1 ♂, CAS) , Tawau (1 ♂, BISH) , forest camp 9.8 km SW Tenom (( 1 ♀, BISH), Tuaran (8 ♀, 8 ♂, CAS) , Ulu Dusun (3 ♂, CAS) . Sarawak: Kanowit (1 ♂, CAS) . MALAYSIA (WEST): Johore: Ulu Sedili (1 ♀, CAS) . Kelantan: no specific locality (1 ♀, CAS) . Negeri Sembilan: Kuala Pilah (1 ♀, CAS) . Perak: 25 km NE Ipoh at 4°49ʹN 101°13ʹE (1 ♀, CAS) , 40 km SE Ipoh at 4°5ʹN 101°23ʹE (1 ♀, CAS) .

MARIANA ISLANDS (Krombein, 1949; Yasumatsu, 1953, or as indicated): Agrihan Island, Guam: Point Oka (1 ♀, BISH, as Oca) and no specific locality (5 ♀, 6 ♂, BISH), Pagan Island , Rota Island (1 ♀, BISH), Saipan Island, Tinian Island .

MARSHALL ISLANDS: Arno Atoll: Ine (2 ♀, 3 ♂, BISH) . Eniwetak: Bogombogo (1 ♂, BISH) , Elugelab (1 ♀, BISH) , Japtan Island (3 ♀, BISH) , no specific locality (1 ♀, BISH) . Jaluit Atoll: Elizabeth Island (1 ♀, BISH) . Kwajalein Atoll (1 ♀, BISH) .

MYANMAR: Rangoon (Turner, 1916b), Yunzalin valley (Turner, 1916b).

NEW CALEDONIA: Hienghène (1 ♂, BISH) .

PALAU REPUBLIC: Babelthuap Island (Krombein, 1949b), Koror Island (Krombein, 1949b), Ngerekebesang Island (1 ♂, BISH) .

PHILIPPINES: Cebu: Argao (Tsuneki, 1983a) . Leyte: Todobaz (Tsuneki, 1983a). Luzon: Albay (Tsuneki, 1983a), Laguna de Bay and Manila (Ashmead, 1904, as lagunae ; Baltazar, 1966), Los Baños (1 ♀, CAS), Marikina (1 ♀, CAS), Pili (1 ♀, CAS). Mindanao (Tsuneki, 1983a): Cagayan de Oro, Davao, Zamboanga. Mindoro: San José (1 ♂, CAS). Negros: Taytay beach (Tsuneki, 1983a) . Palawan: 10 km S Balabac (1 ♀, BISH), 6 km W Culion (1 ♀, BISH), Pingisan (Tsuneki, 1976), Puerto Princesa (1 ♂, CAS), 3 km NE Tinabog (1 ♀, BISH). Samar: Basey (Tsuneki, 1983a). Tawi Tawi: Tarawakan (Tsuneki, 1976) .

SINGAPORE: Singapore (1 ♀, 2 ♂, CAS) .

SRI LANKA: Ampara District: Ekgal Aru (1 ♂, CAS) . Anuradhapura District: Anuradhapura (1 ♀, RMNH) . Kandy District: Kandy (Krombein and Norden, 2001). No specific locality: 1 ♀ , RMNH.

TAIWAN (Sonan, 1927; Tsuneki, 1967, 1968; Haneda, 1971, 1972; Murota, 1973b, Tsuneki, 1977, 1982b or as indicated): Chiayi Hsien: Talin (Strand, 1913, as Taihorin) . Nantou Hsien: Puli. Pintung Hsien: Kankau ( Strand , 1913), Kenting National Park (1 ♂, CAS), Manchou (3 ♀, CAS) . Taichung Hsien : Taichung . Tainan Hsien: Anping ( Strand , 1913), Ohinoherahu Island , Tainan (Strand, 1913) . Taitung Hsien: Chihpenchi (1 ♂, CAS), Chulu (1 ♀, CAS, determined as Pison punctifrons by K. Tsuneki, 1972) . Taoyuan Hsien: Kuangyin (2 ♂, CAS, 1 ♂ determined as Pison punctifrons by K. Tsuneki, 1971) . Yilan Hsien: Erhchieh . Penghu (= Pescadores) Islands (Sonan, 1931). Also Chiayi and Paiho Hsien: no specific localities, and the following localities: Kagi, Kanshirei, Koroton, Taihanroku, Taihorinsho,Takao,

THAILAND: Ayutthaya: Ayutthaya (Tsuneki, 1974) Bangkok: Bangkok (Tsuneki, 1974) . Chiang Mai: Chom Thong at 18°25ʹN 98°36ʹE (1 ♂, RMNH) . Kanchanaburi: Kanchanaburi (2 ♀, CAS) . Lamphun: Lamphun (Iwata and Yoshikawa, 1964) Loei: Wang Saphung at 17°18ʹN 101°46ʹE (1 ♀, CAS; 2 ♀, RMNH) . Mae Wong Son: SE Soppong at 19°27ʹS 98°20ʹE (1 ♂, CAS) . Nakhon Ratchasima: Korat (Iwata and Yoshikawa , 1964). Rat B uri: Rat Buri (1 ♀, BISH) . Rayong: Ban Phe (2 ♀, CAS) . Tak: Lang Sang National Park 19 km W Tak at 13°28ʹN 99°48ʹE (1 ♂, RMNH) . Trang: Khao Chong National Park 18 km E Trang at 7°34ʹN 99°49ʹE (1 ♀, RMNH) .

VIETNAM: Dong Nai: Cát Tiên National Park (9 ♀, 1 ♂, RMNH) . Ha Thin: Traí Xâi: Hé Gô Protected Forest at 18°08ʹN 105°57ʹE (1 ♀, 1 ♂, AMNH) . Nghê An: Khe Bo (1 ♂, AMNH) . Ninh Bình: Cúc Phu’o’ng National Park (2 ♀, RMNH) . Ninh Thuân: Núi Chúa National Park (2 ♀, RMNH) .