Vitruvius Distant, 1901

Roca-Cusachs, Marcos, Rider, David A., Kment, Petr & Jung, Sunghoon, 2024, Revision of Vitruvius (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) with the description of a new species from Cambodia and Thailand, Zootaxa 5486 (3), pp. 419-434 : 421-422

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.5

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3181DB14-02DC-470C-9BE3-C7B291BBFA3F

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13760650

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E6426A70-B915-FFD1-85C5-1C8CFBA1FC17

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Vitruvius Distant, 1901
status

 

Genus Vitruvius Distant, 1901

Vitruvius Distant, 1901: 111–112 (original description, systematic placement).

Type species: Vitruvius insignis Distant, 1901 , by monotypy.

Vitruvius : Distant (1902): 278 (redescription); Bergroth (1908): 186 (catalogue); Kirkaldy (1909): 353 (catalogue); Hoffmann (1932a): 10 (checklist); Kumar & Ghauri (1970): 15, 29 (systematic placement, transferred from Tessaratomidae to Pentatomidae); Hsiao & Zheng (1977): 63 (key to genera); Hua (2000): 170 (placed in Tessaratomidae); Liu & Wang (2004): 176 (key to genera); Rider (2006): 376 (catalogue); Fan (2011): 16 (key to genera), 521 (generic diagnosis); Rider et al. (2018): 110 –111 (morphology, systematic position).

Vitruvinus (incorrect subsequent spelling): He et al. (2011): 59 (plant association, distribution).

Redescription. Body strongly deltoid, widest across humeral angles, slightly flattened dorsoventrally, compact in appearance. General colouration yellowish to brownish, with darker punctures, sometimes forming vague longitudinal bands dorsally, ventrally ochraceous, pale brown.

Head ( Figs 4A–C View FIGURE 4 ) flat, with semi-circular outline. Mandibular plates extending beyond apex of clypeus, convergent, clearly enclosing clypeus ( Figs 4A, C View FIGURE 4 ); mandibular plates broad, shallowly concave laterally and clearly covering antenniferous tubercles ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ). Lateral margins of mandibular plates slightly deflected upwards. Anteocular tooth absent, however, anteocular region slightly prominent. Eyes globose, protruding from head outline. Ocelli located just behind imaginary line between posterior margin of eyes ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ). Bucculae short and low, not covering labrum and labiomere 1, shallowly concave in anterior half, convex in posterior half, its anterolateral angle obtusangulate (nearly rectangular), continually narrowing posteriorly ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Labium reaching mesocoxae, labiomere 1 reaching posterior margin of head ( Figs 4B, C View FIGURE 4 ), labiomere 2 longest, labiomere 3 somewhat wider apically, labiomere 4 with apex black. Antennae pentamerous, with scape stout, not surpassing apex of head; length of antennomeres: III and IV (subequal)> IIa and IIb (subequal)> I, basipedicellite (IIa) and distipedicellite (IIb) about 2.5× times as long as scape, basiflagellum (III) and distiflagellum (IV) about 3× as long as scape.

Thorax. Pronotum trapezoidal, clearly broader than long, anterior margin behind head distinctly concave, Ushaped ( Figs 1A View FIGURE 1 , 2A View FIGURE 2 , 3A View FIGURE 3 ). Anterior angles transversally projected, clearly visible but small, anterolateral margins deflected, anterior margins straight, flattened, uncalloused, with thin black line. Humeri protruding anterolaterad, reaching beyond hemelytral bases. Ventral surface of pronotum evenly punctured, punctures concolourous with surface.Scutellum triangular,elongate;apex narrow,rounded apically; anterolateral angles of scutellum concolourous, slightly foveate ( Figs 1A View FIGURE 1 , 3A View FIGURE 3 ). Corium slightly convex, laterally lined in black, membrane hyaline, veins clearly marked, concolourous with membrane, with no black or coloured patterns. Apex of membrane somewhat obtuse, flat apically (broadly U-shaped). Coria covering most of connexiva, basal segments partially exposed. Prosternum extremely reduced, neither grooved or ridged ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ). Mesosternum with a slightly elevated medial carina; metasternum somewhat elevated medially, very slightly gibbous ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ). Ostioles large, oval-shaped, opening ventrally ( Fig. 4F View FIGURE 4 ); peritreme well developed but short, spout-shaped, only slightly elevated above surrounding pleuron, spatulate apically, its peritremal surface oriented ventrally ( Figs 2B View FIGURE 2 , 4E–G View FIGURE 4 ). Metapleural evaporatorium large, situated in anterior and central portions of metapleuron, with well developed, sublateral ridge near to its lateral margin ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 ), distinctly gyrificated ( Fig. 4F View FIGURE 4 ). Mesopleural evaporatorium extending in posterior and lateral areas of mesopleuron. Legs moderately robust, bearing short, blackish, spine-like setae. Tibiae strongly sulcate, tarsi trimerous, tarsomere II with a protrusion basally near tarsomere III.

Abdomen. Connexiva concolourous with dorsal ground colouration, darker in connexival outline. Ventrolateral sutures between tergites not prominent, last abdominal segment (VII) with posterolateral extension slightly angled, not acute ( Figs 1A1 View FIGURE 1 , 3A View FIGURE 3 1 View FIGURE 1 ). Ventral surface of abdomen evenly punctured except central longitudinal line, which is impunctate ( Figs 1A1 View FIGURE 1 , 3A View FIGURE 3 1 View FIGURE 1 ). Ventral abdominal base wide, with a dorsoventrally flattened tubercle slightly covering and embraced by sternal plates ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 ). Spiracles black, spiracle on ventrite II partly to almost completely exposed. Trichobothria paired, inconspicuous, located laterally between an imaginary line connecting spiracles and connexival margins, transverse ( Figs 5A–B View FIGURE 5 ).

Male genitalia. Genital capsule trapezoidal, broader apically near posterolateral angles ( Figs 5E–F View FIGURE 5 ). Genital cup distinctly exposed dorsally; ventral rim broad; dorsal rim concave with clearly visible, spine-like sclerotized processes on each side of segment X visible in dorsal and caudal views ( Figs 1B View FIGURE 1 , 3B View FIGURE 3 : black arrows; 5C–D). Phallotheca dorsoventrally bilobate, basal portion slightly sclerotized; spermathecal reservoir broad, clearly visible ( Figs 1C View FIGURE 1 , 3C View FIGURE 3 ). Phallus with two pairs of conjunctival processes, internal process bearing a sclerotized hook-like apical portion. Vesica small, inconspicuous. Parameres robust, complex, with a finger-like, small process ( Figs 1D View FIGURE 1 , 3D View FIGURE 3 ).

Female genitalia. Genital plates broad ( Fig 2D View FIGURE 2 ); valvifers VIII rounded apically, reduced, partially covered by abdominal segment VII, mesial margins contacting medially, pilose; valvifers IX fused, elongate, trapezoid, internally with a projection on each mesial angle; laterotergites IX rectangular, elongate, pilose, coarsely punctured; sternite X rectangular; laterotergites VIII coarsely punctured, somewhat triangular, with rounded apical angles. Internal genitalia ( Fig. 2E View FIGURE 2 ): ductus receptaculi elongate, portion before globular vesicular area strongly sclerotized, except basal third. Ring sclerites (rs) elongate oval. Vesicular area membranous, openings not following vesicular axis, slightly displaced laterally. Internal rod of vesicular area strongly sclerotized, parallel-sided, acuminate at base, slightly dilated at apex. When vesicular area is turgid, internal rod of vesicular area bent. Pars distalis less than onehalf length of interior rod of vesicular area. Proximal annular flange developed, projecting transversally, strongly sclerotized. Pars intermedialis robust, basal part in contact with proximal annular flange elongate. Distal annular flange of similar appearance as proximal annular flange, fused to apical receptacle.Apical receptacle elongate, basal portion with a medial expansion, globular-like, constrained at centre, apical part slightly globose, with three, distally directed finger-like projections, one of which clearly surpasses proximal annular flange, the other two shorter ( Fig. 2E View FIGURE 2 ).

Note. Both species are very similar in external appearance; when specimens of both species are observed simultaneously, however there are some characters that exhibit slight, but constant differences between members of the two species. These differences, however, are difficult to discern without having specimens of both species to compare. Ultimately, the only reliable way to distinguish between the two species is by examining the male genitalia, which are distinctive.

Etymology. The genus was presumably named after Vitruvius , a Roman architect and engineer during the 1 st century BC, known for his ten-volume work titled De architectura. Gender is masculine.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Loc

Vitruvius Distant, 1901

Roca-Cusachs, Marcos, Rider, David A., Kment, Petr & Jung, Sunghoon 2024
2024
Loc

Vitruvius

Rider, D. A. & Schwertner, C. F. & Vilimova, J. & Redei, D. & Kment, P. & Thomas, D. B. 2018: 110
Fan, Z. - H. 2011: 16
Rider, D. A. 2006: 376
Liu, G. - Q. & Wang, H. - J. 2004: 176
Hua, L. - Z. 2000: 170
Hsiao, T. - Y. & Zheng, L. - Y. 1977: 63
Kumar, R. & Ghauri, M. S. K. 1970: 15
Hoffmann, W. E. 1932: 10
Kirkaldy, G. W. 1909: 353
Bergroth, E. 1908: 186
Distant, W. L. 1902: 278
1902
Loc

Vitruvius

Distant, W. L. 1901: 112
1901
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