Sirthenea (Monogmus) laevicollis Horváth, 1909

Chłond, Dominik, 2018, A taxonomic revision of the genus Sirthenea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) of the Old World, Zootaxa 4520 (1), pp. 1-85 : 64-69

Sirthenea (Monogmus) laevicollis Horváth, 1909

( Figs. 131–143 , 158–163 , 181 , 186 , 209, 210 , Map 13)

Sirthenea (Monogmus) laevicollis Horváth, 1909: 366 . Syntype (s) (2 ♂♂): N.S. Wales: Australia; HNHM.

Type material examined: Syntype, Ƌ: Australia / N.S. Wales [printed]; Sirthenea / laevicollis Horv [handwritten]; typus [printed on label with red frame] (HNHM). Syntype, Ƌ: label with glued tarsus; Australia / N.S. Wales [printed]; typus [printed on label with red frame]; vial with dissected genitalia; Type Ƌ / Sirthenea / laevicollis Horváth / dissected & drawn [handwritten] / det. M.B.Malipatil 1984 [printed, date partially handwritten] (HNHM).

Other material examined: Ƌ: N.S. Wales [printed] (NHRS). ♀: Mt.Tam-M / bourine [printed]; Queensl. / Mjöberg [printed]; Swedish Museum / of Natural History / Stockholm / NHRS [printed] (NHRS). Brachypterous ♀: Mapletón / 8/II/12 (handwritten); L6 [handwritten]; Queensland. / H. Hacker. / B.M. 1924-455 [printed] (NHMUK). Brachypterous ♀: Dr. Müller / N. Holl. / 1861 [handwritten]; Coll. Nat.-Mus. Wien [printed on yellow label]; Sirthenea / spp. [handwritten]; Sirthenea / laevicollis Horváth [handwritten] / Det. L. Willemse 1982 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). Brachypterous ♀: Dr. Müller / N. Holl. / 1861 [handwritten]; Coll. Nat.-Mus. Wien [printed on yellow label]; Sirthenea / laevicollis Horváth [handwritten] / Det. L. Willemse 1982 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW).

Diagnosis. This species can be very easily recognized among other congeners by presence of fossula spongiosa on middle tibia and bulbous structure on valvula II of females terminalia. This species is similar to S. obscura but it can be easily distinguished from it by smaller body size, eyes narrower than synthlipsis, S-shaped posterior margin of an eye, deep apodeme deression of the head, reduced sulci, sculptured posterior pronotal lobe, spiracles III–IV placed near of ventral connexival suture ( Fig. 186 ) and brown body with yellowish legs.

Redescription: Color: Body pale brown with yellow antenna, labium, legs and connexiva ( Figs. 131 , 132 , 209, 210 ). Apical half of anteocular part of head brighter.

MAP 13. Distribution of Sirthenea laevicollis Horváth, 1909 (red circles) and Sirthenea obscura ( Stål, 1866) (red squares).

Structure: Body medium sized and slender (males) ( Fig. 131 ) or large and robust (brachypterous females) ( Fig. 132 ). Postocular part of head and pronotum shiny. Head with dense, various sized (mostly medium sized) setae and 3–4 pairs of trichobothrial setae. Anteocular part of head long, 3.63–3.66 times as long as postocular part. Dorsal surface of antennifers corrugated. Eyes and ocelli medium-sized. Eyes narrower than synthlipsis with Sshaped posterior margin. Ocelli placed on small tubercles. Scape long, distinctly reaching over apex of head, with various sized (short in males, short and long in females ( Figs. 131 , 132 , 209, 210 )), semierect setae. Pedicel with dense, semierect, relatively short setae and 5, very long trichobothrial setae ( Fig. 181 ). Basiflagellum thin, with various sized, erect setae. Distiflagellum thin, covered by short adherent and relatively long erect setae. First visible labial segment covered by medium sized and long setae. Second visible labial segment, enlarged basally, gradually narrowing into apex, with short setae, reaching posterior margin of head. Third visible labial segment thin and long, covered by relatively long, erect setae. Apodeme depression and transversal suture of head deep. Anterior pronotal lobe with distinct collar and barely visible sulci covered by scarce, relatively short setae and a few trichobothrial setae. Ridges of proepisternum and proepimeron not connected in entire length. Transversal suture of pronotum with irregular in shape connected with short and wide apodeme depression. Posterior pronotal lobe delicately depressed longitudinally in middle of anterior part (depression is an extension of apodeme depression on anterior pronotal lobe). Anterior part of posterior pronotal lobe, connected with transversal sulcus wrinkled longitudinally. Lateral parts of posterior pronotal lobe with delicate, transversal sculpturation. Metapleura with two complete ridges. Posterior margin of posterior pronotal lobe very delicately curved and covered by medium-sized setae. Margins of scutellum enlarged and shinning with dense, relatively long setae. Central part of scutellum granulated, apex medium sized and rounded. Femur covered by short and long erect setae. Mid tibia with thin and long fossula spongiosa occupying their apical thirds ( Figs. 160–164 ). Hind tibia covered by relatively long setae. Total length of first and second tarsomere of hind tarsus larger than third tarsomere. Tarsus covered by various sized setae (mostly on inner side). On all legs visible long trichobothrial setae, occure on outer side of femur and tibia. Hemelytron of females strongly reduced, not reaching to posterior margin of metathorax ( Fig. 158 ). Corium and membrane shiny (in both sexes). Costal margin covered by very dense, short and curved setae. Abdomen (dictinctly enlarged in females) beneath delicately wrinkled transversally on each sterna and covered with medium sized and dense setae. Spiracles III–IV placed near of ventral connexival suture ( Fig. 186 ). Distinct granulated depressions visible near connexival suture, between spiracles.

Genitalia: Male—Median process of pygophore strongly elongated, gradually narrower into aharp apex ( Fig. 136 ). Both parameres large with relatively long and dense setae on outer and inner side, and several very long setae on outer side ( Figs. 137–140 ). Left paramere subtringular, right paramere with enlarged and rounded apical part. Aedeagus visibly curved in dorsal view ( Fig. 143 ). Pedicel relatively stout and medium sized, distinctly curved in middle ( Figs. 141, 142 ). Pedicel placed assymetrically and bent laterally ( Fig. 143 ). Basal plates relatively short and distinctly stout ( Figs. 141–143 ). Dorsal phallothecal sclerite relatively stout and tongue-like, distinctly enlarged vertically into characteristic keel ( Fig. 143 ).

Female—Valvifer I subrectangular, slightly elongated horizontally ( Fig. 135 ), with few relatively long setae on outer side. Styloids distinctly convolute, with inner margins covered by robust setae ( Fig. 133 ). Apices of styloids sharp. Valvula II with characteristic bulbous structure and with sharp process near apex. Apex rounded ( Fig. 134 ).

Measurements (in mm, male in parentheses): Body length: 21.3–21.9 (18.6–19.1); maximum width of abdomen: 4.9–5.3 (4.6–5.0); head length: 4.1–4.5 (3.4–3.5); head width: 2.1–2.2 (2.2–2.4); length of anteocular part: 2.1–2.6 (1.8–2.0); length of postocular part: 1.1–1.3 (0.5–0.6); length of synthlipsis: 1.2 (0.8–0.9); interocellar distance: 0.4–0.5 (0.3); length of antennal segments I:II:III:IV: 1.6–1.8 (1.5): 3.3–3.4 (3.3): 2.4–2.7 (2.5): 2.1 (missing); length of visible labial segments I:II:III: 1.0–1.3 (0.9): 3.1–3.4 (2.4): 1.4–1.7 (1.4); maximum length of anterior pronotal lobe: 3.3–3.6 (2.6); maximum length of posterior pronotal lobe: 1.3–1.7 (2.0–2.1); maximum width of anterior pronotal lobe: 3.5 (2.4–2.5); maximum width of posterior pronotal lobe: 3.6–3.7 (3.8–3.9); length of scutellum: 1.6 (1.6–1.7); length of hemelytron: 1.5–1.8 (12.0–12.5).

Distribution: Australia (N.S. Wales, Queensland) (Map 13: red circles).

Comments: Females of this species are brachypterous ( Figs. 132 , 158 ), and they are distinctly larger than males ( Fig. 131 ). The fossula spongiosa present on the middle tibia ( Figs. 159–163 ) in both sexes is a unique character among all representatives of the genus Sirthenea .

Figures

FIGURE 131. Sirthenea laevicollis Horváth, 1909—macropterous male, dorsal habitus.

FIGURE 132. Sirthenea laevicollis Horváth, 1909—brachypterous female, dorsal habitus.

FIGURES 133–143. Sirthenea laevicollis Horváth, 1909: 133—styloids, outer view; 134—gonapophysis of VIII segment, inner view; 135—gonocoxite of VIII segment, inner view; 136—pygophore, dorsal view; 137—left paramere, inner view; 138—left paramere, outer view; 139—right paramere, lateral view; 140—right paramere, outer view; 141—phallus, right lateral view; 142—phallus, left lateral view; 143—phallus, dorsal view.

FIGURES 156–158. Brachypterous hemelytron of females: Figs.: 156—Sirthenea dimidiata Horváth, 1911; 157—S. kali sp. nov.; 158—S. laevicollis Horváth, 1909.

FIGURES 159–163. Fossula spongiosa on middle tibia of Sirthenea laevicollis Horváth, 1909: 159—fossula on middle tibia of brachypterous female; 160—SEM image of fossula spongiosa on middle tibia of male; 161—SEM image of apical part of fossula spongiosa on middle tibia of male; 162—SEM image of apical part of fossula spongiosa on middle tibia of male; 163— SEM image of setae of fossula spongiosa on middle tibia of male.

FIGURES 169–182. Trichobothrial setae on pedicel: 169—Sirthenea africana Distant, 1903; 170—S. flaviceps (Signoret, 1860); 171—S. picescens Reuter, 1887; 172—S. rodhaini Schouteden, 1913; 173—S. caiana Chłond, 2008; 174—S. dimidiata Horváth, 1911; 175—S. flavipes (Stål, 1855); 176—S. kali sp. nov.; 177—S. nigronitens (Miller, 1958); 178—S. nitida Chłond, 2008; 179—S. nigra Cai & Tomokuni, 2004; 180—S. setosa sp. nov.; 181—S. laevicollis Horváth, 1909; 182—S. obscura (Stål, 1866).

FIGURES 183–187. 183—Apical part of anterior pronotal lobe of Sirthenea flavipes (Stål, 1855); 184—Apical part of anterior pronotal lobe of S. picescens Reuter, 1887; 185—Spiracles of S. flavipes (Stål, 1855); 186—Spiracles of S. laevicollis Horváth, 1909; 187—Spiracles of S. nitida Chłond, 2008.

FIGURES 209–210. Color figures of habitus: 209—Sirthenea laevicollis Horváth, 1909, male; 210—S. laevicollis Horváth, 1909, female.

FIGURES 164–168. Hemelytron of Sirthenea flavipes (Stål, 1855): 164—membrane; 165—membrane; 166—membrane; 167—apical part of corium; 168—setae on apical part of corium.