Sirthenea (Sirthenea) flavipes ( Stål, 1855 )

Chłond, Dominik, 2018, A taxonomic revision of the genus Sirthenea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) of the Old World, Zootaxa 4520 (1), pp. 1-85 : 37-48

Sirthenea (Sirthenea) flavipes ( Stål, 1855)

( Figs. 79–93 , 175 , 183, 185 , 201, 202 , Map 7)

Rasahus flavipes Stål, 1855: 187 . Syntype (s): Brasilia [= Brazil] [in error, probably Philippines].

Rasahus cumingi Dohrn, 1860: 407 . Syntype (s): Ceylon [= Sri Lanka]. Synonymized by Distant (1902: 286).

Rasahus apicalis Signoret, 1862: 125 . Syntype (s): Cochinchina [= Vietnam]; NHMW. Synonimized by Stål (1866: 252)

Sirthenea flavipes: Stål (1866: 252) .

Sirthenea cumingi: Stål (1866: 252) .

Sirthenea apicalis: Stål (1866: 252) .

Pirates apicalis: Walker (1873: 114) .

Pirates flavipes: Walker (1873: 100, 103) .

Pirates cumingi: Walker (1873: 114) .

Pirates strigifer Walker, 1873: 116 . Syntype (s) (♀): Burma [= Myanmar]: Moulmein; NHMUK. Synonymized by Distant (1902: 286).

Pirates basiger Walker, 1873: 117 . Syntypes (♂, ♀): Hongkong and Hindustan [= India or Myanmar]; NHMUK. Synonymized

by Distant (1902: 286). Pharantus (sic) geniculatus (nec Stål): Matsumura (1905: 41). Misidentification ( Esaki 1926: 167). Sirthenea flavipes var. apicalis: Horváth (1909: 359) . Sirthenea bharati Sucheta & Chopra, 1988: 60 . Holotype (♂), paratypes (7 ♂♂ and 6 ♀♀): India: Haryana, Hisar; Haryana

Agricultural University Collection. Syn. nov. Sirthenea flavipes: Cai & Lu (1990: 87) Sirthenea flavipes var. apicalis: Cai & Lu (1990: 89) Sirthenea clavata Miller, 1948: 444 . Holotype (♂): Indonesia: Sumatra; SMF. Syn. nov. Sirthenea koreana Lee & Kerzhner (1996: 407) . Holotype (♂): South Korea, Kyong-Sangpukto; collection of C.E. Lee, Taegu .

Paratypes (72 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀): South Korea: several localities ( Lee and Kerzhner 1996). Syn. nov. Sirthenea melanota Cai & Lu, 1990: 92 . Holotype (♂): China: Shaanxi: Mt. Nanwutai: Chang’an; CAU. Syn. nov. Sirthenea nigripes Murugan & Livingstone, 1990: 125 . Holotype (♂): India: Orissa, Koraput District, Sunabeda; Bharathiar

University, Coimbatore, India. Syn. nov. Sirthenea flavipes: Chłond (2008a: 385) . Sirthenea flavipes: Chłond (2008b: 139) . Sirthenea flavipes: Chłond & Bugaj-Nawrocka (2015: 3) . Sirthenea flavipes: Chłond et al. (2017 : 1–15).

Type material examined: Sirthenea (Sirthenea) flavipes ( Stål, 1855) . Syntype, ♀: Stål [printed on small label]; Paratypus [printed on red label] (NHRS). Rasahus apicalis Signoret, 1862 . Syntype (Ƌ): Cochinch. [handwritten] / Coll. Signoret [printed]; apicalis [handwritten] / det. Signoret [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes Stål / var. apicalis Sign [handwritten]; Typus / Rasahus / apicalis Signoret, 1862 / etik. Hecher 1996 / REDV. 560/4 [printed on red label] (NHMW). Sirthenea strigifer ( Walker, 1873) . Syntype, ♀: Type [printed on round label with green margin]; 43 / 43 [handwritten on round label]; 71. Pirates Strigifer [printed]; Holo– / Type [printed on round label with red margin]; Moulmein / Archdeacon Clerc [handwritten]; Pirates strigifer Wlk / Holotype [handwritten] (NHMUK). Peirates basiger Walker, 1873 . Syntype, ♀: 58. / 60. [handwritten on round label]; 72 Pirates basiger [printed]; Syn– / Type [printed on round label with blue margin]; Ent. Soc. Sale [handwritten]; Pirates basiger Wlk / Syntype [handwritten] (NHMUK). Syntype, Ƌ: Hong / Kong [handwritten on round label]; Pirates / basiger [handwritten] / Walker’s Catal. [printed]; Hong Kong / J.C. Browning [handwritten]; Syn– / Type [printed on round lael with blue margin]; Pirates basiger Wlk / Syntype [handwritten] (NHMUK). Syntype, ♀: Type [printed on round label with green margin]; Hong / Kong [handwritten on round label]; Syntype [printed on roun label with blue margin]; Hong Kong / J.C. Browning [handwritten]; Pirates basiger Wlk / Syntype [handwritten] (NHMUK). Sirthenea (Sirthenea) clavata Miller, 1948 . Syntype, Ƌ: Type [printed on round label with red margin]; Sumatra. / carthaus. [printed]; Sirthenea / clavata sp.n. [handwritten] / det. N.C.E. Miller 1939 [printed, date partially handwritten]; Holotypus [printed on red label] (SMF). Sirthenea melanota Cai & Lu, 1990 . Holotype, Ƌ: Shaanxi (Mt. Nanwutai, Chang’an), 17–VIII–1 980, Feng Jinian (CAU).

Other material examined: Afghanistan: Ƌ: SW Afganistan / 35 km ndl, Kandahar / Arghandab Dam / 1150 m 23–27.V. / 1961, leg. G. Ebert [printed]; Staalsslg. / München [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). Ƌ: SW Afganistan / 35 km ndl, Kandahar / Arghandab Dam / 1150 m 23–27.V. / 1961, leg. G. Ebert [printed]; Staalsslg. / München [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes Stal [handwritten] / det. L. Hoberlandt, 1954 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NMPC). Ƌ: J. Klapperich / Kandahar-Kuna / 950 m, 24.1.53 / S-Afganistan [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes Stal [handwritten] / det. L. Hoberlandt, 1964 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NMPC). Ƌ: 9– 11.7.1965 / NO. Afganistan / Petso-Tal O v. / Schari- Sarai, 1100m / Kasy & Vartian [printed]; Ectomocoris / spec.? [handwritten]; E. Wagner det. 1988 [printed] (NHMUK). Bangladesh: 2 ƋƋ: Bangladeš 5.73 / Khulna env. / J. Krystl lgt [printed]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). Cambodia: ♀: Cambodia / Pailin 200m a.s.l./ 11.V.2009 / S. Murzin lgt. [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). China: Ƌ: Kiukiang / China14.3. unreadable text / Hafang unreadable text [handwritten]; Otto / Knauss [handwritten]; Sirthenea / flavipes Stal [handwritten]; det. W. Stichel jr. [printed] (ZMHB). ♀: Shang / hai [handwritten]; 27/6 / 0 5 [handwritten]; Mus. / Hauschild. / 12-9-1914 [printed] (NHMD). Ƌ: Shang / hai [Handwritten]; Mus. / Hauschild. / 12-9-1914 (NHMD). Ƌ: B. / Piaroso [handwritten]; Mus. / Hauschild. / 12-9-1914 (NHMD). ♀: Pingshiang / Süd-China / Dr. Kreyenberg [printed]; Kiritshenko det. [printed] (SMF). Ƌ: Pingshiang / Süd-China / Dr. Kreyenberg [printed]; Sirthenea / Flavipes Stål [handwritten] / kiritshenko det. [printed] (SMF). ♀: Shanghai / China [printed];

EDeschamps / collector [printed] (USNM). ♀: China, Guangdong prov. / Danxia Shan NP, 23.iv.2013 / (garden at light) / 25°02.4'N, 113°45.0'E, 100 m / J. Hájek & J. Růžička leg. [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes ( Stål, 1855) [handwritten]; det. Rédei D., 2014 [printed] (NMPC). ♀: China, Jiangxi prov., 26.iv.2011 / Jinggang Shan Mts / Xiangzhou viii. Env. / (rice fields; forested stream valley) / 26°35.5'N, 114°16.0'E, 374 m / M Fikáček & J. Hájek leg. [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). ♀: China / Yunnan [printed] (HMNH). Female: Annam / Phuc-Son / Nov. Dez. / H. Fruhstorfer [printed]; flavipes Fabr. / var. apicalis Sign. [handwritten] (HMNH). ♀: Kinfushan. Prov. Szechuen / West-China IV/ V 29. / Coll. H. Becker [printed]; Coll. Lindberg [printed]; empty yellow label; HTTP:// ID.LUOMUS.FI/ / GV 44234 / China Sichuan Jinfo Shan / 28.97 N, 107.16E / 1.IV.–31.V.1929 / Becker, H. leg. [printed] (MZH). Ƌ: Beijing / China / 1978-VI-14 [handwritten]; Sirthenea [printed] koreana [handwritten] / Lee et Kerzhner [handwritten] / Det. W. Cai. 1997-V [printed, date handwritten]; B.M.1997- [printed] / 170 [handwritten] (NHMUK). India: ♀: Museum Paris / Inde Merid. / Trichinopoli / Coll. Noualhier 1898 [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Darugiri, Garo / Hills 450 m, 19.5. [printed]; Meghalaya 1976 / Wittmer, Baroni U [printed] (NHMB). ♀: India bor. or. / 19–21.V.1996 / Meghalaya [handwritten]; West Garo Hills / Bagmara env. / Jendek et Sansa lgt [handwritten]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed]; Sirthenea [handwritten] / det. Rédei D., 2014 [printed] (ZJPC). ♀: India occ., Maharashtra state / 7–11 October 2005 / Muishi env., 40 km W of Pune / F. Kantner lgt. [printed]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). ♀: Andaman Is., Havelock I. / env. of village No. 7 / 11°59'N, 92°58'E / 22.iv.–14.v.1998 / Karel & Simon Majer leg. [printed]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). Ƌ: India 1970 / Ranchi, Bihar St. / Dr. Soběslavský [printed]; Collectio / J.L. Stehlik / Mor. Museum, Brno [printed] (MMBC). Ƌ: India. [printed] Hemi. / Jabalpur / D. III. 83 [handwritten]; light trap [handwritten] / C.T.E.A. [printed] 15062 [handwritten] (NHMUK). ♀: Hem. 1 / D. Mar. 83 / Jabalpur [handwritten]; India [printed] / light trap / CIEA 15062 [handwritten]; Sirtenea / sp. [handwritten] / det. M.S.K. Ghauri, 1983 [printed] (NHMUK). Ƌ: NE-India: Meghalaya / Jaintia Hills reg. Jowai / 6–8.VI. 1996, 1250– 1450 m / GPS N25°27' E92°12' (WGS84) / leg E. Jendek & O. Sausa (NHMW). Ƌ: NE-India: Meghalaya State / W Garo Hills, Balphakram NP / 22–27.V.1996, 250– 550m / GPS N25°11' E90°51' (WGS84) / leg. E. Jendek & O. Sausa [printed] (NHMW). ♀: India, 28.VI–1.VII.1995 / Umloi SW Shillong / Meghalaya / Werner lgt. [printed]; Sammlung– Collection / Ernst Heiss / Innsbruck—Austria [printed] (TLMF). Ƌ: India, 28.VI–1.VII.1995 / Umloi SW Shillong / Meghalaya / Werner lgt. [printed]; Sammlung–Collection / Ernst Heiss / Innsbruck—Austria [printed] (TLMF). Indonesia: ♀: KT12/982 [handwritten on the label with specimen]; Sumatra / 12/982 / Klein [handwritten] (NHMD). ♀: J. Skoygaard / Java [printed]; Java / Wedi-KL / 1902-03 [handwritten] (NHMD). ♀: J. Skoygaard / Java [printed]; Java / Vedi Kltr / 14/10/1902 [handwritten] (NHMD). Ƌ: Java [handwritten]; Sirthenea / apicalis / Signoret. / Java. [hanswritten]; Sirthenea / flavipes Stål / var. apicalis Sign. / det. Horváth [handwritten]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). 3 ƋƋ: Museum Paris / Java / Coll. Noualhier 1898 [pinted]. Male: Museum Paris / Java / Coll. Noualhier 1898 [pinted] (MNHN). Ƌ: Jalajala [handwritten on old, rounded label]; Museum Paris / Java / Coll. Noualhier 1898 [pinted]. (MNHN) ♀: Coll. Ciesse de Béarn / Croisiere du “Nirvana” / Java / Palaboehan Ratoe / E. Cordier 12.V. 1908 [printed, date partially handwritten]; Museum Paris / Ciesse de Béarn 1909 [peinted]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). ♀: Coll. Ciesse de Béarn / Croisiere du “Nirvana” / Java / Soekaboemie / E. Cordier 12.V. 1908 [printed, date partially handwritten]; Museum Paris / Ciesse de Béarn 1909 [peinted] (MNHN). ♀: Batavia [handwritten on old, brown, round label] / Museum Paris / Coll. G. Fallou 259-95 [printed]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). ♀: Palabuan [handwritten]; Museum Paris / Java / Coll. Noualhier 1898 [printed]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN) ♀: Java / Palabuan [handwritten]; Museum Paris / Coll. Noualhier 1898 [printed]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). ♀: 3249 [printed] / Peirates glabratus N. / Java [handwritten] (ZMHB). ♀: Binkam Rotts [handwritten on old labe] (ZMHB). ♀: Ceylon / Hatau [handwritten on yellow label] (ZMHB). ♀: Pakantan [handwritten] / Grubauer S.V. [printed, yellow label]; Pakantan [handwritten] (ZMHB). 3 ƋƋ: Indonesia: E. Sumatra / Jami Prov., Indra Hilir / env. 0–10 m / 2.2006, leg. St. Jakl [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) / v. apicalis Horváth [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). ♀: Indonesia: E. Sumatra / Jami Prov., Indra Hilir / env. 0–10 m / 2.2006, leg. St. Jakl [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) / v. apicalis Horváth [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). Ƌ: Indonesia: E. Sumatra / Indra Giri Hilir env. / coastal areas. 0–50 m / 3.2006, leg. St. Jakl [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) / v. apicalis Horváth [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). ♀: Bali, Bedugul / Reg. Tamblingan Lakes / N.R., 1300m / 5.2005, leg. St. Jakl [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) / v. apicalis Horváth [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). Ƌ: Bali, Bedugul / Reg. Tamblingan Lakes / N.R., 1300m / 5.2005, leg. St. Jakl [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) / v. apicalis Horváth [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). 3 ƋƋ: Key Tual / Rohde / ex coll.H.Fruhstorfer [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) / v. apicalis Horváth [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). ♀: Dleiffer / Java [hsndwritten]; Coll. Nat. Mus. Wien [printed on yellow label]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stäl) [handwritten] / Det L.Willemse 1982 [printed, date partially handwritten]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) / v. apicalis Horváth [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). ♀: Baron / Warsberg / Java / 1868 [handwritten]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) / v. apicalis Horváth [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). Ƌ: W-Sumatra 30.8. / Siberut Isl. 1992 / Saliguma [printed]; Indonesia 1992 / leg. Barries&Cate [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) / v. apicalis Horváth [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). ♀: So. O. Borneo [handwritten]; Sirthenea / flavipes / Stål [handwritten]; Coll. / Breddin [printed] (Frankfurt). Male: S.O. Borneo [handwritten]; Coll. / Breddin [printed] (SMF). ♀: Java [printed]; Coll. Breddin [printed] (SMF). ♀: Museum Paris / Borneo / Lohaban / R. Oberthur 1898 [printed]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: 9729 [printed]; Sampit / Borneo Rupert [printed on yellow label] (ZMHB). ♀: Borneo / M. Achmidt [printed on yellow label] (ZMHB). Ƌ: SO Borneo / Walmes S / Wolf v. Schönberg V. [printed on yellow label] (ZMHB). ♀: F. Baczes / 1886 / Borneo [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) / v. apicalis Horváth [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). Ƌ: Long / Navang [printed]; O. Borneo / Mjöberg [printed]; Swedish Museum / of Natural history / Stockholm / NHRS [printed] (NHRS). ♀: Kota / Tjane [printed]; Sumatra / Mjöberg [printed]; Swedish Museum / of Natural history / Stockholm / NHRS [printed] (NHRS). 3 ƋƋ: Indonesia / Java, Kruvang [printed]; III 1955 / EDresner [printed] (USNM). Ƌ: Indonesia, E Kalimantan / ca. 55 km W of Balikpapan / PT Fajar Surya Swadaya [area] / 01°16.4'S, 116°21.1'E, 82 m / J. Hájek, J. Schneider & / P. Votruba leg. 23.xi.–2.xii.2011 [printed]; base camp surrounded with / Acacia plantation: individual / collecting on vegetation, dead / wood and in puddles, + light trap [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). Ƌ: Indonesia, April–May 2005 / Mentawai Isls., Siberut Isl. / Salappa env. 50–100 m / St. Jaki lgt [printed]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). Ƌ: East Sumatra, 0–50 m / coastal area of / Indra Giri Hilir env. / 3.2006, St. Jaki lgt. [printed]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). Ƌ: Indonesia Lesser Sundas / 9–15 November 2006 / Lomblen Isl., Lamaiera vill. env., S. Jaki lgt. 100–500 m [printed]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). 2 ƋƋ: Indonesia / Flores, 1200m / Ruteng / 27-XI-1961 / J.M.A. Groenendael [printed] (RMNH). 2 ♀♀: Key Tual / Ronde / ex coll H. Fruhstorfer [printed]; Coll / Breddin [printed] (SMF). Ƌ: O. Borneo / Mjöberg [printed]; Swedish Museum / of Natural History / Stockholm / NHRS [printed] (NHRS). Ƌ: Key Tual / Rohde / ex. Coll. H. Fruhstorfer [printed] (NHMW). Ƌ: W-Sumatra 30.8 / Siberut Isl. 1992 / Saliguma [printed]; Indonesia 1992 / leg. Barries & Care [printed] (NHMW). 3 ♀♀: Sumatra [printed]; Coll. Brancsik [printed on ble label] (HMNH). Ƌ: Sumatra [printed]; Coll. Brancsik [printed on ble label] (HMNH). Ƌ: W-Sumatra 30.8 / Siberut Isl. 1992 / Saliguma [printed]; Indonesia 1992 / leg. Barries & Care [printed] (NHMW). 3 ♀♀: Sumatra [printed]; Coll. Brancsik [printed on ble label] (HMNH). Ƌ: Sumatra [printed]; Coll. Brancsik [printed on ble label] (HMNH). Ƌ: Java Orient. / Lawang [handwritten] (HMNH). 5 females: Borneo / Xántus [printed] (HMNH). Ƌ: Denpasad / Insel Bali / Holl. Indien. [handwritten] (HMNH). ♀: East Sumatra, March 2005 [handwritten]; Indra Giri Hilir env. / coastal area / S. Jakl lgt. [handwritten]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). 2 ƋƋ: Indonesia, April–May 2005 / Mentawai Isls., Siberut Isl. / Salappa env. 50–100 m / St. Jaki lgt [printed]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). ♀: Indonesia, W Sumatra / 13 Febr. 1999, Mt. Singgalang / Annai Valley env., 600 m / S. Jaki lgt. [printed]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). ♀: Celebes [handwritten]; Sirthenea sp. [handwritten] / Det. N.C.E. Miller 1952 [printed; date partially handwritten]; HTTP://ID.LUOMUS.FI/ / GV 44232 / Indinesia Sulawesi [printed] (MZH). Iran: ♀: SE Iran, 11– 12.4.73 / Ghasemabad, 10 km / Bampur (vall.) [printed]; loc no 157 / Exp. Nat. Mus. / Praha [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). ♀: Iran, 10–11.IV.2000 / Sistan va baluchestan Prov. / 25 km S Kahiri, 1050 m, (26°44'N, 61°04'E), (light) [printed]; Iran 2000 Czech Biological / Expedition / J. Hájek & M. Mikát leg. [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). Japan: Ƌ: Museum Paris / Japon / Avomori & Hirosaki / R. oberthur 1898 [printed]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Myadzu / Japon [handwritten on yellow label]; 4735 [handwritten]; Collection E. de Bergevin [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: 9933 [printed]; Japonia / Dönitz [handwritten on yellow label] (ZMHB). Male: Japan / Dönitz [printed] (ZMHB). ♀: Matsuyama / Ehime Pref. / VI-28.1958 / light trap [handwritten]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). Ƌ: Heianza / Okinawa / July 30, 1945 / A.B. Hardcastle [handwritten] (USNM). Ƌ: Kawayoshihara / Ishigaki / 30.V.1985 [handwritten]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes / ( Stål, 1855) [handwritten] (ZJPC). North Korea: Ƌ: Korea—Wonsan / VI. 1955 — leg. Inż. Leśn. Witold Ja- / mrógiewicz [handwritten]; Coll S. Kapuściński [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). Ƌ: Plason [printed] / 1886 [partially handwritten] / Korea [handwritten]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). Ƌ: Dr Sobǎslavsky / Fenjan, Korea / 1961. [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). South Korea: Ƌ: Rep. Korea / Suweon / near Seoul / 7.vi. 1974 / P.E.S. Whalley / B.M. 1974-392 [printed, date partially handwritten]; Rep. Korea / Suweon / near Seoul / July 1974 / P.E.S. Whalley / B.M. 1974-392 [printed, date partially handwritten] / at light [handwritten] (NHMUK). Laos: Ƌ: Laos north, 13– 24.V.1997 / 16 km NW Louang Namtha / N 21°07.6, E101°21,0 / alt.750± 100 m; E.Jendek & O. Šauša leg. [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) / v. apicalis Horváth [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). Ƌ: Laos: N-Vientiane Prov. / Vang-Vieng 300 m, N 18°55'23", E 102°26'55" / 10–15.v. & 01–06.vii.2001 / Jiři Kolibáč leg. [printed]; Entomological expedition / “Laos 2001" / Moravian Museum Brno / Czech Republic [printed] (MMBC). ♀: Laos, Boli Kham xai prov. / 18°16'N 103°11'E / 70 km NEE of Vientiane, 27–30.iv.1997 150 m, / Vit Kubáň leg. [printed]; Vit Kubáň expedition / “Laos 1997” / Moravian Museum Brno / Czech republic [prined] (MMBC). ♀: Laos, Vientianne prov., / Lao Pako env., 200 m, 55 km NE of Vientiane / 19– 22.v.2004, J. Bezděk leg. [printed]; Coll. Petr Baňař / [e-mail] [printed] (MMBC). ♀: Laos-N, 21.iv.1999 / Louang, Phrabang prov., / 19.53' N 102.09 'E, / Khan riv., 300m / Vit Kubáň leg. [printed]; Vit Kubáň expedition / “Laos 1999” / Moravian Museum Brno / Czech republic [prined] (MMBC). Ƌ: Vientiane (Laos) [printed]; Museum Paris / Collection / Dispons [printed] (MNHN). ♀: Lanlou / china [handwritten]; Ross commut. [handwritten]; Subfam / Peiratinae /? spec [handwritten]; Kiritshenko det [printed] (SMF). ♀: Laos / Muong Om / 19.I.1919 / R.V. de Salvaza [printed] (NHMUK). ♀: Laos centr. Khammouan prov. / 4–16.XI., 25–30.XI.2000 / Ban Khoun Ngeun env. / N 18°07', E 104°29', alt. 250m / E. Jendek & P. Pacholatko leg. [printed] (NHMW). Malaysia Ƌ: Sarawak III. 1994 / Rumah Kabau anak muggot / Ng sebong Beleh / 25 km E. Kapit.J.Kodada [printed]; S. flavipes [handwritten on red]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) / v. apicalis Horváth [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). Ƌ: Malaysia: banom Mts: / 15km E.Kampang Dang: 700m / 3.53N 102,01E; 1.iv.1998 /Dembicky&Pacholatko leg.[printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) / v. apicalis Horváth [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). ♀: Sarawak, Kapit distr. / Sebong, Baleh riv. / 6– 21.3.1994 / Sv. Bily lgt. [printed]; Collectio / National Museum Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). Ƌ: Sarawak, Kapit dist. / Rumah Ugap vill. / Sut. Riv. 3– 9.3.1994 / Sv. Bily lgt. [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). ♀: Malaysia, Sarak / Sipitang, Mendolong / leg. S. Adebratt [printed]; Swedish Museum / of Natural history / Stockholm / NHRS [printed] (NHRS). Ƌ: N. Borneo / Bettotan / Nr Sandakas [printed] / Aug 11–14 [handwritten] 1937. [printed]; Ex. F.M.S. / Museum / B.M. 1955-354 [printed] (NHMUK). Ƌ: N. Borneo / Bettotan / Nr Sandakas [printed] / July 29 [handwritten] 1927. [printed]; Ex. F.M.S. / Museum / B.M. 1955-354 [printed] (NHMUK). Ƌ: N. Borneo / Bettotan. / R. Sandakan. [printed] / Aug 5–11 1927 [partially handwritten]; Ex. F.M.S. / Museum / B.M. 1955-354 [printed] (NHMUK). Ƌ: Malaysia—Pahang / 35 km SW of Kuala Rompin / Kuala Rompin State Park / 2.617°N, 103.337°E 500m / E. Jendek lgt. 28.ii–13.iii.2011 [printed]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). Ƌ: Malaysia—Borneo—Sabah / 9 May 1999 / 30 km N of Tungku / M. Snížek lgt. [printed]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). ♀: Malaysia, Sabah / Sipitang, Mendolong / Leg. S. Adebratt [printed]; 21529 [handwritten on red]; Swedish Museum / of Natural History / Stockholm / NHRS [printed] (NHRS). Ƌ: N. Borneo / Bettotan, / Nr. Sandakan [printed] / at light July 23 [handwritten] 1927 [printed]; Ex. F.M.S. / Museum, / B.M. 1955-345 [printed] (NHMUK). ♀: N. Borneo / Bettotan, / Nr. Sandakan [printed] / at light July 23 [handwritten] 1927 [printed]; Ex. F.M.S. / Museum, / B.M. 1955-345 [printed] (NHMUK). Myanmar: Ƌ: U Burma / Hopin [printed] / 28– 30.8.14 / Fletcher coll. [handwritten] (NHMUK). Ƌ: Burma: Arakan State / Myoma district / Akyab [printed] lights [handwritten] / 22 Sept. 1951 [handwritten] / G.B. Vogt [printed] (USNM). ♀: XI. 1996 / Burma– Rangoon / Taukkyan / klicha M., lgt [printed]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). ♀: IV. 1997 Burma / Rangoon Distr. / Hlegu–Goygon / Klicha M. lgt. [printed]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). Nepal: Ƌ: Nepal / Rapti Tal 300 m / Megouli I. IV.62 / leg. G. Ebert [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). ♀: Nepal, Rapti Tal / Jhawani 200 m / V. 1967 leg. / Dieri–Forster– Schacht; Staatssig, München [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). Ƌ: Katmandu / 24.5.– 21.6.76 [printed, date partially handwritten]; Nepal, W. Wittmer / C. Baroni Urbani [printed] (NHMB). Ƌ: C-Nepal, 21–27/7.2000 / Chitwan (Roy. Nat. Park) / Sauraha viii, 166 m / 27,35 N 84.30 E [GPS] env., / David Král lgt. (at light) [printed]; Nepal Expedition / Jan Farkač, David Král / & Jan Schneider, 2000 [pronted]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). II instar nymph: Nepal. Prov. Bheri / Nepalganj. Rapti river / near airport, 200mNN / 30.V.1997, leg. Hartmann [printed]; collection / Naturkunde- / museum Erfurt [printed on yellow label] (NMEG). 3 III instar nymphs: Nepal, District Bheri / Nepalganj, 30.05.1997, ca / 200 mNN, Ufer Rapti- / River, Nähe Flugplatz / leg. Grill HF. [printed]; collection / Naturkunde- / museum Erfurt [printed on yellow label] (NMEG). 3 ƋƋ: Nepal, Prov. Narayani / Sauraha Rapti River / Ufer 180 mNN, 27°34' / 80" N 84°29'49" E / LF, 18.IV.2000 / leg A. Weigel [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes / (Stål) [printed]; collection / Naturkunde- / museum Erfurt [printed on yellow label] (NMEG). ♀: Nepal: Prov. Bagmati / Kathmandu, Bagmati / nr. Gorkhana Park, / 27°43,01'N 85°18,46'E / 1340mNN, 17.VI.1999 / leg. M. Hartmann [printed]; collection / Naturkunde- / museum Erfurt [printed on yellow label] (NMEG). Ƌ: Nepal, Prov. Nara- / Yani, Sauraha, Rapti / River, 180 mNN, F / 27°34'51"N, 84°29'30"E, 14.IV.2001, / leg. A. Weigel [printed]; collection / Naturkunde- / museum Erfurt [printed on yellow label] (NMEG). ♀: Nepal, Rapti Tal / Jhavani 200 m / V. 1967 leg. / Dietl–Forster–Schacht / Staatsslg. / München [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). Ƌ: Het / 123 [handwritten]; Nepal / Kathmandu [printed] / V. 1973 / N. Kumar [handwritten] / C.I.E. A 6892 [printed]; Sirtenea sp. [handwritten]; det. M.S.K. Ghauri, 1975 [printed] (NHMUK). ♀: LL II [handwritten]; Peradeniya, / Ceylon [printed] V.II [handwritten] (NHMUK). ♀: Ceylon / 18 [printed]; flavipes [handwritten] / det. Horváth [printed] (NHMW). Pakistan: ♀: East Pakistan (KP 22) / Chittagong, Nasirabad, H.S., on light, 18–22 / leg. Fr. Dvořák I.1970 [printed]; Collectio / J.L. Stehlik / Mor. Museum, Brno [printed] (MMBC). ♀: East Pakistan (KP 23) / Chittagong, Nasirabad, H.S., on light, 23–28 / leg. Fr. Dvořák I.1970 [printed]; Collectio / J.L. Stehlik / Mor. Museum, Brno [printed] (MMBC). Philippines: Ƌ: Philippines, Luzon / Mt. Prov Chatol / 1800 m, 20.ix / 1988, K. Cerny lgt. [printed]; Coll. Petr Baňař / [e-mail] [printed] (MMBC). ♀: Bay Laguna / Prov P1 [printed]; PLStangl / collector [printed] (USNM). Ƌ: Philipines / Samar [printed] / May 1945 [partially handwritten] / J. Laffoon [printed] (USNM). ♀: Nov. [printed]; Bacoor / P1 [printed]; PLStangl / collector [printed] (USNM). Sri Lanka: ♀: MacKavoed / Ceylon 86 [handwritten]; flavipes [handwritten]; det. Horváth [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). Ƌ: Ceylon [handwritten] / Coll. Signoret [printed]; flavipes [handwritten] / det. Stal [printed]; flavipes [handwritten] / det. Horváth [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes Stål [handwritten]; Coll. Nat.Mus. Wien [printed on yellow label]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stäl) [handwritten] / Det. L.Willemse 1982 [printed, date partially handwritten]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). Ƌ: Ratanpura / Ceylon / M. Löbell [handwritten]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). Ƌ: 3250 [printed]; Ceylon Nieto. [handwritten]; Sirthenaea / flavipes Ƌ / Stål [handwritten] / det.Hedicke 1947 [printed, date partially handwritten] (ZMHB). ♀: blue quadrandular label; Ceylon [printed]/ Mus. Colombo [handwritten, blue label] (ZMHB). ♀: Ceylon [handwritten] (HMNH). ♀: Sri Lanka, central province / Inamalawa, 23.3.1997 / J. Kábelak, P. Koráková lgt [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). 2 ƋƋ: Sud Ceylon / Mai 1889 / H.Fruhstarfer [printed]; Coll. / Breddin [printed] (SMF). ♀: Ceylon / Maha Illuppallama [printed] / 12.VII.60 [handwritten] / Dry Zone Res. Stn. [printed] / 17844 / 232 [handwritten]; Sirthenea / sp. [handwritten]; Sithenea / sp. [handwritten] / M.S.K. Ghauri det. [printed] (NHMUK). 2 ƋƋ: Ceylon / Maha Illuppallama [printed] / 12.7.60 Light / 232 [handwritten] / Dry Zone Res. Stn. [printed]; C.I.E Coll / No. [printed] 17197 [handwritten] (NHMUK). 2 ♀♀: Sri Lanka, Kal Dist. / Agalawatta, Darton- / field, 5–6- III-1 978 / M.D. Hubbard and / T. Wijesinhe [printed]; Sirthenea flavipes / (Stal) / Det. D.P. Ambrose 1999 [printed] (USNM). Ƌ: Sri Lanka, Kal Dist. / Agalawatta, Darton- / field, 5–6-III-1978 / M.D. Hubbard and / T. Wijesinhe [printed]; Sirthenea flavipes / (Stal) / Det. D.P. Ambrose 1999 [printed] (USNM). Ƌ: Sri Lanka: Gal. Dist. / Kenneliya Jungle / 11–16 January 1975 / blacklight [printed]; K.V. Krombein / P.B. Karunaratne / P. Fernando / N.V.T.A. Weragoda [printed]; Sirthenea flavipes / (Stal) / Det. D.P. Ambrose 1999 [printed] (USNM). ♀: Sri Lanka: Ham Dist. / Palatupana Tank / 3 February 1975 [printed]; K.V. Krombein / P.B. Karunaratne / P. Fernando / E.G. Dabrera [printed]; Sirthenea flavipes / (Stal) / Det. D.P. Ambrose 1999 [printed] (USNM). Ƌ: Sri Lanka: Ham Dist. / Palatupana Tank / 3 February 1975 [printed]; K.V. Krombein / P.B. Karunaratne / P. Fernando / E.G. Dabrera [printed]; Sirthenea flavipes / (Stal) / Det. D.P. Ambrose 1999 [printed] (USNM). ♀: Sri Lanka: Kan. Dist. / Udawattakele, 2100 ft / black light / 4–5 October 1976 [printed]; Collected by: / G.F. Hevel / E. Dietz IV / S. Karunaratne / D.W. Balascoriya [printed]; Sirthenea flavipes / (Stal) / Det. D.P. Ambrose 1999 [printed] (USNM). ♀: Sri Lanka: Rat. Dist. / Belihuloya, Belihul / Oya 23-III-1978 / M.D. Hubbard and / T. Wijesinhe [printed]; Collected at Black light [printed]; Sirthenea flavipes / (Stal) / Det. D.P. Ambrose 1999 [printed] (USNM). ♀: Sri Lanka / Polonnaruwa / 6 May 1974 / Gans&Prasanna [printed]; Sirthenea flavipes / (Stal) / Det. D.P. Ambrose 1999 [printed] (USNM). Ƌ: Sri Lanka: Gal. Dist. / Kanneliya / 22–24 May 1975 / S.I.Wood & J.L. Petty [printed]; Collected in / black light / trap [printed]; Sirthenea flavipes / (Stal) / Det. D.P. Ambrose 1999 [printed] (USNM). ♀: Sri Lanka: Col. Dist. / Kalatuwawa / 12– 15-VIII-1 975 [printed]; Collected by: / Y.-M. Huang, / E.L. Peyton, / S. Karunaratne, / D.W. Balasooriya [printed]; Sirthenea flavipes / (Stal) / Det. D.P. Ambrose 1999 [printed] (USNM). 3 ƋƋ: Sri Lanka: Mon. Dist. / Mau Ara 10 mi. E / Udawalawa, 100 m, / 24–26-IX-1977 [printed]; Collected at / blacklight bulb [printed]; K.V. Krombein / P.B. Karunaratne / T. Wijesinhe / M. Jayaweera [printed]; Sirthenea flavipes / (Stal) / Det. D.P. Ambrose 1999 [printed] (USNM). ♀: Sri Lanka: Amp. Dist. / Ekgal Aru Sanctuary / Jungle, 9–11 Mar1979 / blacklight [printed]; K.V. Krombein / T. Wijesinhe / S. Siriwardane / L. Jayawickrema [printed]; Restrictions Apply / NMNH—Sri Lanka / Agreement #6 [printed on purple label] (USNM). ♀: Sri Lanka: Ham Dist. / Palatupana Tank / 3 February 1975 [printed]; K.V. Krombein / P.B. Karunaratne / P. Fernando / E.G. Dabrera [printed]; Sirthenea flavipes / (Stal) / Det. D.P. Ambrose 1999 [printed] (USNM). ♀: Sri Lanka 20– 22.12.2003 / Dambula env. / F. Kantner lgt. [printed]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). 4 ♀♀: Sri Lanka, Kotapala env. / 18–22 April 1994 / 6 17' N, 80 33'E / R. Sauer lgt [printed]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). 2 ♀♀: Sri Lanka, Kotapala env. / 18–22 April 1994 / 6 17' N, 80 33'E / R. Sauer lgt [printed]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). ♀: Ceylon / Maha Illupapallama [printed] / 12.VII.60 [handwritten] / dry Zone Res. Stn. [printed] / C.I.E. 17844 / 232 [handwritten] (NHMUK). Ƌ: Ceylon / Maha Illupapallama [printed] / 12.VII.60 [handwritten] / dry Zone Res. Stn. [printed] / C.I.E. 17844 / 232 [handwritten] (NHMUK). ♀: Ceylon / Maha Illupapallama [printed] / 12.7.60 light [handwritten] / dry Zone Res. Stn. [printed]; C.I.E. Coll. / No. 17197[handwritten] (NHMUK). Thailand: ♀: Thailand: 240km / NW Bangkok, 25km / NW Lan-Sak [printed]; III. 1989, 110m / at light / leg Thielen [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). Ƌ: NW Thailand 27.4 / 1991 Chomthong / J. Horák lgt. [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). Ƌ: Thailand, Chumphon prov. / 14–21 March 1996 / Pha To env., 98°47'E, 9°48'N / K. Majer lgt.[printed]; Ex Collectio / Z. Jindra, Prague [printed] (ZJPC). Vietnam: 3 ♀♀: Museum Paris / Tonkin / Reg. De Hoa-Binh / A. de Cooman 1928 [printed]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). ♀: Museum Paris / Tonkin / Reg. De Hoa-Binh / A. de Cooman 1929 [printed, date partialy handwritten] (MNHN). Ƌ: Museum Paris / Tonkin / Reg. De Hoa-Binh / A. de Cooman 1928 [printed]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). 3 ♀♀: Museum Paris / Tonkin / Hoa-Binh / J. de Cooman / R. Oberthur 1919 [printed]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). ♀: Museum Paris / Tonkin / Rég. De Hoa-Binh / A. de Cooman 1929 [printed]; Museum Paris / Coll Generale [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: Hanoi V. 65 / Lichtfall [handwritten]; 8 [handwritten] (ZMHB). Ƌ: S. Vietnam, 18.– 29.5.1994 / 14 km SW Bao Lac / P. Pacholatko & L. Dembicky leg. [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). Ƌ: Cochinch. [handwritten] / Coll. Signoret [printed]; spicalis [handwritten] / det. Signoret.[printed]; Sirthenea flavipes Stål var. apicalis Sign. [handwritten]; Typus / Rasahus / apicalis Signoret, 1862 / etik. Hecher 1996 / Redv. 560/4 [printed on red label]. (NHMW). ♀: Museum Paris [printed] / Cochinchine / Prov. De Thulaumot / Katrach / Capus. 1909 [handwritten] (MNHN). 2 ♀♀: Hanoi V. 65 / Lichtfall [handwritten]; 8 [handwritten] (ZMHB). Ƌ: Hanoi V. 65 / Lichtfall [handwritten]; 8 [handwritten] (ZMHB). Ƌ: N-Vietnam 25.V.–10.VI / Sapa (Lao Cai) / 22°20'N 103°50'E / Leg. E. Jandek 1991; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) / v. apicalis Horváth [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). ♀: S. Vietnam, 40 km NW An Khe / Buon Luoi, 14°10'N, 108°30'E / 620–750 m, 28.3– 12.4.1995 / leg. Pacholatko&Dembicky [printed]; Sirthenea / flavipes (Stål) / v. apicalis Horváth [handwritten] / det. D. Chlond 2010 [printed, date partially handwritten] (NHMW). ♀: N. Vietnam 1986 / prov. Ha son Binh / Hoa Binh 5.–7.6. / V. Švichla lgt. [printed]; Collectio / National Museum / Praha, Czech Republic [printed] (NMPC). Ƌ: Hoa Binh / Tonkin [handwritten] (MNHN). ♀: Nang Tri / Tonkin [handwritten] (MNHN). ♀: Chapa / Tonkin / Coll. J. Clement [printed]; Achat Boubee / 10.5.1958 [handwritten]; Museum Paris / Collection / Dispons [printed] (MNHN). Ƌ: S. Viet Nam / Cam Ran Bay / V-30-68 [printed]; Coll by / T. Taylor [printed] (USNM). ♀: South Viet Nam / Long Thanh / 1967 / Dwight Svhuh [printed] (USNM). Ƌ: Tonkin / Montes Mauson / April–Mai 2–3000' / H. Fruhstorfer [printed] (NHMW). Ƌ: Phuc-Son / Nov. Dez. / H. Fruhstorfer [printed] (HMNH).

Diagnosis. This species can be easily recognized by the presence of a pale (whitish) area in apical part of membrane, distinctly corrugated apex dorsal endosomal sclerite of aedeagus apically, and it can be very easily recognized from the most similar species distributed in Oriental Region ( S. dimidiata ) by the following combination of characters: S-shaped curvature of posterior margin of an eye in lateral view, ridges of proepisternum and proepimeron connected in entire length, metapleura with only one complete ridge and spiracles III–IV placed distant from ventral connexival suture.

MAP 7. Distribution of Sirthenea flavipes ( Stål, 1855) .

Redescription: Color: Body generally yellowish and black or with a reddish pronotum with pale setae ( Figs. 79–81 , 201, 202 ), some specimens distinctly darker ( S. melanota was described based on such specimens). Head yellow to brown, with dark markings and differences in coloration of ante- and postocular part of head. Maxillary and mandibular plates as well as antennifer black to dark brown (creating a dark band extending to anterior margin of eyes) in lateral part of head (visible also in specimens with darker head). Scape and intercalary segments pale (or scape with darker basal part). Pedicel dark brown (or with slightly paler basal and apical part). Basi- and distiflagellum pale with darker basal and apical parts (unicolorous in male). Labium pale or with darker basal part of first visible labial segment, as well as labrum. Anterior pronotal lobe yellowish to black with concolor or dark sulci. Posterior pronotal lobe same color as anterior pronotal lobe or darket (to black). Scutellum and hemelytron dark brown to black. Hemelytron with pale markings, covered with pale and dark setae. Apical part of membrane pale. Shape and size of yellowish markings of membrane variable ( Figs. 80, 81 , 201, 202 ). Legs pale or middle and hind legs slightly darker with pale and brown setae. Abdomen ventrally bicolorous or black. If abdomen bicolorous first visible segment yellow or yellow with dark markings to almost brown,with a pale band (often strongly reduced) extending to abdominal apex, with lateral parts dark brown to black. Connexiva I to VI pale, with darker posterior part of each segment. Connexivum VII pale. Male and female terminalia pale to black.

Structure: Body size variable (small to large), generally robust. Head with various-sized, rather short setae and 3 pairs of trichobothrial setae. Head, pronotum, and margin of scutellum shining. Anteocular part of head 1.9– 2.3 times (female) and 1.7–2.4 times (male) longer than postocular part. Eyes and ocelli large. Eyes narrower than synthlipsis in dorsal view with distinct S-shape curvature in middle of posterior ridge in lateral view. Apodeme depression and transversal furrow of head shallow. Area from hind margin of ocelli to anterior margin of

eyes glabrous. Dorsal surface of antennifers smooth. Scape club-shaped, with adherent setae and a few erect, robust setae and 2 very long trichobothrial setae ( Fig. 175 ). Pedicel, basi- and distiflagellum with dense, adherent, short setae and a few, regularly arranged, erect setae (much smaller on pedicel). Second visible labial segment enlarged basally and reaching posterior margin of eyes. Pronotum with various sized setae. Anterior pronotal lobe with distinct sulci. Lack of collar on anterior pronotal lobe ( Fig. 183 ). Apodeme depression of anterior pronotal lobe long and thin. Ridges of proepisternum and proepimeron connected in entire length. Transversal suture of pronotum with slight curvature in middle. Posterior pronotal lobe weakly depressed in middle of anterior margin and delicately sculptured nead transversal furrow. Metapleura with only one complete ridge. Posterior margin of pronotum covered by long setae. Corium with dense setae in basal part of corium and costal margin. Hemelytron various sized, not surpassing or surpassing apex of abdomen in both sexes. Abdomen ventrally with short setae and spiracles III–IV placed distant from ventral connexival suture ( Fig. 185 ).

Genitalia: Male—Pygophore dark brown with paler margin. Median process of pygophore with sharp apex ( Figs. 85, 90 ). Both parameres slender in lateral view, slightly arcuate, and apically rounded ( Figs. 86–89 ), with sharp process on inner side ( Figs. 86, 88 ) Left paramere with small curvature in apical part in dorsal view. Basal lobe of dorsal phallothecal sclerite enlarged on both sides, visibly bigger on right side ( Figs. 91–93 ). Dorsal endosomal sclerite distinctly corrugated apically ( Figs. 92, 93 ).

Female—Valvifer I rounded ( Fig. 84 ), with numerous, small setae and a few distinctly longer setae on outer side. Laterial margins of styloids distinctly curved ( Fig. 82 ). Inner margins of styloids rounded with dense, robust setae. Apical part of styloids sharp. Basal part of valvula II with forked process convoluting inwards, apical part with sinuate apex, internal apex sharp, external apex rounded ( Fig. 83 ).

Measurements (in mm, male in parentheses): Body length: 16.1–23.4 (15.9–21.5); maximum width of abdomen: 3.4–5.5 (3.0–4.4); head length: 3.4–4.9 (3.2–4.5); head width: 1.5–2.4 (1.3–2.5); length of anteocular part: 1.7–2.5 (1.5–2.2); length of postocular part: 0.6–1.3 (0.7–1.3); length of synthlipsis: 0.9–1.2 (0.8–1.1); interocellar distance: 0.4–0.7 (0.4–0.6); length of antennal segments I:II:III:IV: 1.0–1.3 (1.0–1.3): 1.7–2.5 (1.7– 2.6): 1.4–2.0 (1.4–2.0): 1.5–2.2 (1.5–2.2); length of visible labial segments I:II:III: 0.8–1.2 (0.9–1.2): 2.4–3.5 (2.3– 3.7): 1.2–1.9 (1.4–1.9); maximum length of anterior pronotal lobe: 2.4–3.5 (2.4–3.2); maximum length of posterior pronotal lobe: 1.3–1.9 (1.3–1.7); maximum width of anterior pronotal lobe: 3.0–4.3 (2.9–4.1); maximum width of posterior pronotal lobe: 3.3–4.9 (3.5–4.8); length of scutellum: 1.2–2.4 (1.2–2.0); length of hemelytron: 10.2–14.4 (9.8–13.2).

Distribution: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India (including Andaman and Nicobar Islands), Indonesia, Iran, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Malesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam (Map 7).

The wide range of distribution of this species covers two zoogeographical regions: Oriental and Palearctic.

Comments: The type material of two species described from India, S. bharati Sucheta & Chopra, 1988 , and S. nigripes Murugan & Livingstone, 1990 , were unavailable for study. Nevrtheless, the drawings of the type specimens, including their genitalia, presented in the original descriptions ( Sucheta & Chopra 1988; Murugan & Livingstone 1990) exhibit the same morphological characters as S. flavipes ( Chłond et al. 2017) . Moreover in both papers the main diagnostic characters between the newly described species and S. flavipes were color characters. S. flavipes has a very wide range of distribution in South and Southeast Asia and the color characters used in differential diagnosis in both mentioned descriptions, have been described as characters of various color forms of specimens within the two populations of S. flavipes ( Chłond et al. 2017) . Type material of Sirthenea koreana Kerzhner & Lee, 1996 , was also unavailable for study, however the original description containing the drawings of male genital structures as well as possibility of study of the morphological characters and genitalic structures of 3 male specimens of this species, clearly shows that it is conspecific with S. flavipes . The type specimen of S. clavata has morphological characters (as well as coloration) of specimens belonging to the eastern population of this species ( Chłond et al. 2017) and shares the same genitalic characters. The only difference between the type specimen of S. clavata described by Miller (1948) and other representatives of this species is body size ( S. clavata is distinctly smaller). The mitochondrial genome of this species was studied by Gao et al. (2013).

Figures

FIGURE 79. Sirthenea flavipes var. apicalis Horváth, 1909—dorsal habitus.

FIGURES 80–81. Coloration of hemelytron: 80.—Sirthenea flavipes (Stål, 1855), 81.—S. flavipes var. apicalis Horváth, 1909.

FIGURES 82–93. Sirthenea flavipes (Stål, 1855),: 82—styloids, outer view; 83—gonapophysis of VIII segment, inner view; 84—gonocoxite of VIII segment, inner view; 85—pygophore, dorsal view; 86—left paramere, inner view; 87—left paramere, outer view; 88—right paramere, lateral view; 89—right paramere, outer view; 90—median process of pygophore, lateral view; 91—phallus, right lateral view; 92—phallus, left lateral view; 93—phallus, dorsal view After Chłond et al. (2017), modified.

FIGURES 169–182. Trichobothrial setae on pedicel: 169—Sirthenea africana Distant, 1903; 170—S. flaviceps (Signoret, 1860); 171—S. picescens Reuter, 1887; 172—S. rodhaini Schouteden, 1913; 173—S. caiana Chłond, 2008; 174—S. dimidiata Horváth, 1911; 175—S. flavipes (Stål, 1855); 176—S. kali sp. nov.; 177—S. nigronitens (Miller, 1958); 178—S. nitida Chłond, 2008; 179—S. nigra Cai & Tomokuni, 2004; 180—S. setosa sp. nov.; 181—S. laevicollis Horváth, 1909; 182—S. obscura (Stål, 1866).

FIGURES 183–187. 183—Apical part of anterior pronotal lobe of Sirthenea flavipes (Stål, 1855); 184—Apical part of anterior pronotal lobe of S. picescens Reuter, 1887; 185—Spiracles of S. flavipes (Stål, 1855); 186—Spiracles of S. laevicollis Horváth, 1909; 187—Spiracles of S. nitida Chłond, 2008.

FIGURES 201–204. Color figures of habitus: 201—Sirthenea flavipes (Stål, 1855); 202—S. flavipes var. apicalis Horváth, 1909; 203—S. kali sp. nov.; 204—S. nigronitens (Miller, 1958).