Scaptodrosophila Duda, 1923

Peng, Hongen, Lin, Yong & Chen, Hongwei, 2022, Morphological and molecular evidence of eight new species of the genus Scaptodrosophila Duda (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from China, Zootaxa 5093 (2), pp. 169-194 : 174-192

Genus Scaptodrosophila Duda, 1923

Scaptodrosophila Duda, 1923: 37

Type species: Scaptodrosophila scaptomyzoidea Duda, 1923

Spuriostyloptera Duda, 1923: 38

Paradrosophila Duda, 1923: 43

Tanygastrella Duda, 1924: 192 , 254

Pugiodrosophila Duda, 1924: 203

Xiphidiochaeta Duda, 1925: 200

Tarudrosophila Duda, 1926: 114 (lapsus)

Adrosophila Séguy, 1938: 344

Pholadoris Sturtevant, 1942: 28

Diagnosis. Arista with 3–5 dorsal and 2–4 ventral branches in addition to terminal fork; prescutellar seta present, sometimes as long as anterior dorsocentral seta; 3 subequal katepisternal setae, median one usually only slightly shorter than anterior one; Postgonites (gonopods in McAlpine 1981) completely fused to hypandrium.

Description. Head: First genal seta relatively small. Frons with a V-shaped, shining area with 2 rows of slightly prolonged interfrontal setulae. Eyes red to brownish red. Ocellar triangle mostly with 3 pairs of setae above ocellar setae. Frons with a few of minute setulae medially. Anterior reclinate orbital setae usually outside and close to proclinate orbital setae; posterior reclinate orbital seta larger than others. Vibrissa prominent. Gena and postgena narrow.

Thorax: Mesonotum yellowish to black, sometimes with longitudinal stripe(s). Postpronotal lobe with 3 long setae, and a few shorter setae. Acrostichal setulae mostly in ca. 8–10 regular rows. One small proepisternal seta usually present. Wing hyaline, sometimes infuscate. Halter mostly white to yellowish. Legs mostly yellowish brown to black.

Abdomen: Tergites usually with yellowish brown to dark brown caudal bands.

Male terminalia: Epandrium usually pubescent, with several epandrial bristles around anteroventral corner to posterior margin. Surstylus with a row of peg-like surstylar teeth (prensisetae in McAlpine 1981) along caudal margins. Cercus separated from epandrium, pubescent, and setigerous. Pregonite (paramere in McAlpine 1981) with several sensilla. Phallus (aedeagus in McAlpine 1981) bilobed subbasally.

Key to the examined species from China

1 Arista with three or four dorsal and two ventral branches in addition to terminal bifurcation; facial carina narrow and flat; hypandrium usually with a pair of very large paramedian hpandrial bristle........................ 3 ( S. coracina group)

- Arista with four or five dorsal and three or four ventral branches in addition to terminal bifurcation; facial carina somewhat narrow and high; hypandrium usually with a pair of paramedian hpandrial bristle.................. 2 (uncertain affinity)

2 Arista with five dorsal and four ventral branches in addition to terminal bifurcation ( Fig. 5D ); hypandrium triangle shaped in ventral view; phallapodeme curved in lateral view ( Fig. 13C, D )................................. S. curvata sp. nov.

- Arista with four dorsal and three ventral branches in addition to terminal bifurcation; hypandrium turtle shaped in ventral view; phallapodeme vertical in lateral view............................................ S. pilopalpus ( Lin & Ting 1971)

3 Frons yellowish brown with two brown longitudinal stripes; mesonotum yellowish brown with six dark brown longitudinal stripes............................................................................ S. zebromyia nom. nov.

- Frons lacking longitudinal stripes; mesonotum lacking longitudinal stripes........................................ 4

4 Hypandrium with hypandrial hairs........................................................................ 5

- Hypandrium lacking hypandrial hairs..................................................................... 8

5 Body brown to black.................................................................................. 6

- Body yellowish brown................................................................................. 7

6 Pregonite pubescent entirely; cercal ventral lobe without large, stout spines.............................. S. coracina

- Pregonite narrow, lacking pubescence ( Fig. 6C, D ); cercal ventral lobe with large, stout spines on caudoventral margins ( Fig. 6A, B )........................................................................... S. angustifolia sp. nov.

7 Pleura yellowish, with one brown longitudinal stripe; surstylus with four surstylar long bristles; cercal ventral lobe with six with large, stout spines on caudoventral margins; pregonite elliptical shaped in lateral view, lacking pubescence apically; phallus rod-like, elliptically broadened apically..................................................... S. ventriobscurata

- Pleura yellowish brown, lacking longitudinal stripes; surstylus lacking surstylar long bristles; cercal ventral lobe without large, stout spines; pregonite dolabriform in lateral view, with pubescence apically; phallus very broad and slightly curved apically in lateral view............................................................................ S. fusciventricula

8 Hypandrium lacking a pair of paramedian hypandrial bristle ( Fig. 12C, D )........................ S. undulata sp. nov.

- Hypandrium with a pair of paramedian hypandrial bristle...................................................... 9

9 Pregonite expanded, longer than hypandrium ( Fig. 9C, D ).................................. S. longiciliata sp. nov.

- Pregonite shorter than hypandrium...................................................................... 10

10 Postgonite bilobed apically............................................................................. 11

- Postgonite not bilobed apically......................................................................... 12

11 Pleura yellowish brown, lacking longitudinal stripes; abdomen tergites yellow; tergites II to IV yellow with dark brown caudal bands; phallus rod-like, broadened apically and with pubescence apically................................ S. trivittata

- Pleura yellowish brown, with two brown longitudinal stripes; abdomen tergites yellowish brown, tergites II to V yellow with dark brown caudal bands, tergite VI dark brown; phallus quadrangle in lateral view, lacking pubescence..... S. longispinata

12 Tergites lacking black bands ( Fig. 2E, F ); hypandrium fused to postgonite apically, tubular-shaped on inner surfaces ( Fig. 7C, D )................................................................................. S. apunctata sp. nov.

- Tergites with black bands; hypandrium separated from postgonite apically....................................... 13

13 Hypandrium shield shaped in ventral view; postgonite weak ( Fig. 10C, D ).................... S. melanovittata sp. nov.

- Hypandrium without shield shaped in ventral view; postgonite developed....................................... 14

14 Postgonite large, expanded antrorsely with pubescence basally ( Fig. 11C, D )................. S. polytricapillum sp. nov.

- Postgonite without pubescence basally................................................................... 15

15. Hypandrium triangular in ventral view, with membranes medially in lateral view, pregonite with 3 sensilla medially, and pubescence basally ( Fig. 8C, D )........................................................ S. latifoliacea sp. nov.

- Hypandrium triangular in ventral view, without membranes in lateral view, pregonite with 5–7 sensilla, and not pubescent basally............................................................................................. 16

16 Pregonite with a small projection subbasally; postgonite with a small projection distally; aedeagus triangular, broader basally in lateral view............................................................................ S. nigrolimbata

- Pregonite lacking projection subbasally; postgonite lacking projection distally; aedeagus triangular, broader distally in lateral view.............................................................................................. 17

17 Tergite VI yellowish brown, with dark brown caudal bands; pregonite small, finger like in lateral view; phallus round dorsad in lateral view................................................................................. S. helvpecta

- Tergite VI yellow, lacking bands; pregonite curved strongly in lateral view; phallus tapering dorsad in lateral view.................................................................................................. S. fuscilimba

Figures

FIGURE 2. External morphology.A–C. Scaptodrosophila angustifolia sp. nov. A. head, anterior view; B. habitus, dorsal view; C. habitus, lateral view. D–F. S. apunctata sp. nov. D. head, anterior view; E. habitus, dorsal view; F. habitus, lateral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 5. External morphology. A–C. Scaptodrosophila undulata sp. nov. A. head, anterior view; B. habitus, dorsal view; C. habitus, lateral view. D–F. S. curvata sp. nov. D. head, anterior view; E. habitus, dorsal view; F. habitus, lateral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 6. Scaptodrosophila angustifolia sp. nov., male terminalia:A, B. Epandrium (epand), surstylus (sur) and cercus (cerc) (posterior and lateral views); C, D. Hypandrium (hypd), phallus (ph), phallapodeme (phapod), pregonite (pregt) and postgonite (pgt) (ventral and lateral views); E. Oviscapt (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Scaptodrosophila apunctata sp. nov., male terminalia:A, B. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus (posterior and lateral views); C, D. Hypandrium, phallus, phallapodeme, pregonite and postgonite (ventral and lateral views). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Scaptodrosophila latifoliacea sp. nov., male terminalia: A, B. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus (posterior and lateral views); C, D. Hypandrium, phallus, phallapodeme, pregonite and postgonite (ventral and lateral views). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 9. Scaptodrosophila longiciliata sp. nov., male terminalia: A, B. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus (posterior and lateral views); C, D. Hypandrium, phallus, phallapodeme, pregonite and postgonite (ventral and lateral views). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 10. Scaptodrosophila melanovittata sp. nov., male terminalia: A, B. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus (posterior and lateral views); C, D. Hypandrium, phallus, phallapodeme, pregonite and postgonite (ventral and lateral views); E. Oviscapt (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 11. Scaptodrosophila polytricapillum sp. nov., male terminalia: A, B. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus (posterior and lateral views); C, D. Hypandrium, phallus, phallapodeme, pregonite and postgonite (ventral and lateral views); E. Oviscapt (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 12. Scaptodrosophila undulata sp. nov., male terminalia: A, B. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus (posterior and lateral views); C, D. Hypandrium, phallus, phallapodeme, pregonite and postgonite (ventral and lateral views); E. Oviscapt (lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 13. Scaptodrosophila curvata sp. nov., male terminalia: A, B. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus (posterior and lateral views); C, D. Hypandrium, phallus, phallapodeme, pregonite and postgonite (ventral and lateral views). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.