Paracymbiomma otxurucu, Cizauskas & Brescovit & Rodrigues & Rheims, 2024

Cizauskas, Igor, Brescovit, Antonio D., Rodrigues, Bruno V. B. & Rheims, Cristina A., 2024, Description of the female of P. pauferrense Rodrigues, Cizauskas & Rheims, 2018 and three new species of Paracymbiomma Rodrigues, Cizauskas & Rheims, 2018 (Araneae: Prodidomidae) from Brazil, Zootaxa 5474 (3), pp. 271-291 : 277-280

Paracymbiomma otxurucu sp. nov.

Figs 15–35 , 66B

Type material. Holotype: BRAZIL: Pará: ♂, Canaã dos Carajás, Floresta Nacional (FLONA) Carajás, Cave S 11C_0124 [06°22’58” S; 50°23’40.5” W], 11 April 2016, Bioespeleo Consultoria Ambiental leg. ( IBSP 193183 ) . Paratypes: 2♀, same locality as holotype, Cave S 11C_0126 (06°22’58” S; 50°23’40.1” W), 8 August 2015, Bioespeleo Consultoria Ambiental leg. ( IBSP 193491 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, 11 April 2016, Bioespeleo Consultoria Ambiental leg. ( IBSP 193182 ) ; 1♀, same locality as previous specimen, Cave S 11C_ 00117 (06°23’00” S, 50°23’40” W), 20 April, 2016, Bioespeleo Consultoria Ambiental leg. ( IBSP 193490 ) ; 1♀, Parauapebas, Cave Cav 32 (06°25’35” S, 50°, 19’25” W), 22–31 May 2010, R. Andrade et al. leg. ( IBSP 264694 )

Etymology. The specific name means “spider” in the Karajá indigenous language; noun in apposition.

Diagnosis. Species of P. otxurucu sp. nov. resemble those of P. pauferrense and P. carajas in having eight eyes ( Figs 15–16 , 20 ). Males resemble those of P. carajas in having palps with ovoid tegulum and large MA with small triangular tip (tegulum circular and MA long, twisted at base in P. pauferrense ). They differ from the latter species by the palps with RTA medially as thick as base, tapering at distal third ( Figs 19 , 25 ) and embolus curving around tegulum from base ( Figs 18 , 24 ) (RTA gently tapering from base to tip and embolus running straight from base before curving around tegulum in P. carajas ). Females resemble those of P. carajas in having the epigynum with a triangular atrium (wide, onion dome-shaped in P. pauferrense ). They differ in having the anterior margin of the atrium not sclerotized ( Figs 22 , 26 ) (sclerotized in P. carajas ) and by the vulva with SS reaching the anterior margin of the first loop of CD ( Figs 23 , 27 ) (SS reaching half of first loop in P. carajas ).

Description. Male (holotype): Carapace, legs and abdomen weakly pigmented ( Fig. 15 ). Total length: 1.78. Carapace 0.84 long, 0.67 wide; abdomen 0.89 long, 0.56 wide; sternum 0.61 long, 0.43 wide; ALS 0.27 long ( Fig. 17 ), 0.095 wide. Eight eyes arranged in two rows, the anterior row straight, the posterior procurved ( Fig. 16 ). Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.024; ALE 0.046; PLE 0.040; PME 0.030; AME–AME contiguous; AME–ALE 0.009; ALE–ALE 0.072; PLE–ALE contiguous; PME–ALE 0.013; PME–PLE 0.029; PME–PME 0.050. Chelicerae 0.34 long. Leg formula 4123. Leg measurements: I: 2.25 (0.67, 0.34, 0.50, 0.39, 0.36); II: 2.09 (0.57, 0.29, 0.46, 0.41, 0.34); III: 2.21 (0.57, 0.28, 0.45, 0.38, 0.37); IV: 2.51 (0.77, 0.26, 0.50, 0.52, 0.46). Leg spination: I—femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1; tibia v2-2-0; metatarsus v2-0-0. II—femur d1-1-0; tibia v1-2-0; metatarsus v2-0-0. III—femur d1-1- 0, p0-1-1; tibia d0-1-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-0-2; metatarsus 1-1-2, r1-1-2, v0-1-2. IV—femur d1-1-0, p1-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d1-1-0, p0-1-1, r0-0-1, v0-0-2; metatarsus v0-0-2. Palp: femur with three dorsal spines (one median and two posterior) and four posterior ventral spines; E arising from tegulum at 1 o’clock position; C arising from tegulum at 11 o’clock position; MA slightly less than twice as long as wide ( Figs 18–19 , 24–25 ).

Female (paratype): Carapace and legs pale yellow, and abdomen weakly pigmented ( Fig. 20 ). Total length: 2.32. Carapace 1.06 long, 0.78 wide; abdomen 1.23 long, 0.74 wide; sternum 0.68 long, 0.49 wide; ALS 0.14 long, 0.085 wide. ALS with two MaAm and eight Pi ( Figs 32–33 ); PLS with one MiAm, two Cy and one Ac ( Figs 32, 34 ); PMS with one Ac and three Cy ( Figs 32, 35 ). Eight eyes arranged in two rows, the anterior row straight, the posterior procurved. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.040; ALE 0.064; PLE 0.058; PME 0.044; AME– AME contiguous; AME–ALE 0.011; ALE–ALE 0.103; PLE–ALE 0.006; PME–ALE 0.026; PME–PLE 0.018; PME–PME 0.054. Chelicerae 0.34 long, one retromarginal tooth and three promarginal teeth ( Fig. 29 ). Leg formula 4123. Tarsi III–IV with short-toothed claws, with 4 teeth ( Figs 30–31 ). Leg measurements: I: 2.51 (0.77, 0.37, 0.53, 0.43, 0.40); II: 2.50 (0.74, 0.33, 0.57, 0.45, 0.42); III: 2.18 (0.68, 032, 0.40, 0.42, 0.35); IV: 2.97 (0.74, 0.39, 0.69, 0.62, 0.53). Leg spination: I—femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1; tibia v1-1r-1-2-1; metatarsus v1r1-0-0. II—femur d0-0-1r; tibia v1r1-1r-0; metatarsus v2-0-0. III—femur d1-0-0, p0-0-1, r1-0-1; tibia v1r1p-1-1r-1p-1; metatarsus v1-2r-2p-1-2r-

2p. IV—femur d1-1r-0, r1-0-1; tibia d1-1-0, p1-0-1, p1-0-1, v1-1-2; metatarsus p1-0-1, r2-0-1, v1-1-2. Epigynum: EF wider than long; atrium triangular, slightly wider than long ( Figs 22 , 26 ). Vulva: CD with single hyaline part with a single loop, and sclerotized part strongly convoluted; PS roughly peanut-shaped, slightly over two times longer than wide; SS anterior, medially bent at an almost 90° angle, with well-defined, oval distal part ( Figs 23 , 27 ).

Variation. Females (n = 5): total length 2.32–3.30; carapace length 1.06–1.40; femur I length 0.77–0.10.

Distribution. Iron caves of Canaã dos Carajás and Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil ( Fig. 66B )

Natural history. Paracymbiomma otxurucu sp. nov. is a subterranean spider found in a few ferruginous caves inserted in the Serra Sul outcrop, Floresta Nacional de Carajás (FLONA de Carajás) . Like other Paracymbiomma species, the specimens of P. otxurucu sp. nov. were collected on the cave’s floor in the aphotic zone with high humidity. In addition to the cave environment, these spiders can also colonize shallow subterranean environments.

Figures

FIGURE 66. Map showing collection records for the known species of Paracymbiomma Rodrigues, Cizauskas & Rheims, 2018. A—Brazil, epigean species; B—Subterranean species.

FIGURES 15–19. Paracymbiomma otxurucu sp. nov., male (IBSP 193183). 15 Habitus, dorsal; 16 Carapace, eye area, frontal; 17 abdomen, spinnerets, ventral; 18–19 Left palp (18 ventral, 19 retrolateral).ALE—anterior lateral eyes; ALE—anterior lateral eyes; ALS—anterior lateral spinnerets; C—conductor; E—embolus; MA—median apophysis; Pcb—paracymbium; PLE— posterior lateral eyes; PME—posterior median eyes; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale lines: 15: 0.5 mm; 16–17: 0.2 mm; 18–19: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 20–23. Paracymbiomma otxurucu sp. nov., female (IBSP 193491). 20 Habitus, dorsal; 21 Abdomen, ventral; 22–23 genitalia (22 epigynum, ventral, 23 vulva, dorsal). A—atrium; FD—fertilization duct; PIn—postepigastric invagination; PS— primary spermathecae; SS—secondary spermathecae. Scale lines: 20–21: 0.5 mm; 22–23: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 24–27. Paracymbiomma otxurucu sp. nov. 24–25 Male (193183), left palp (24 ventral, 25 retrolateral); 26–27 Female (IBSP 1983182), genitalia (26 epigynum, ventral, 27 vulva, dorsal). A—atrium; C—conductor; E—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; MA—median apophysis; Pcb—paracymbium; PS—primary spermathecae; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; SS— secondary spermathecae. Scale lines: 24–25: 0.1 mm; 26–27: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 28–31. Paracymbiomma otxurucu sp. nov., female (IBSP 193488). 28 epigynum, ventral 29 chelicerae, prolateral; 30–31 leg IV, tarsus, claws (30 retrolateral, 31 prolateral). Scale lines: 28–29: 100 µm; 30: 40 µm; 31: 50 µm.

FIGURES 32–35. Paracymbiomma otxurucu sp. nov., female (IBSP 193488). 32 spinnerets, apical; 33 anterior lateral spinneret, detail; 34 posterior median spinneret, detail; 35 posterior lateral spinneret, detail. Ac—aciniform gland spigot; ALS—anterior lateral spinnerets; Cy—cylindrical gland spigot; MaAm—major ampullate gland spigot; MiAm—minor ampullate gland spigot; Pi—piriform gland spigot; PLS—posterior lateral spinnerets; PMS—posterior median spinnerets. Scale lines 32: 100 µm; 33: 50 µm; 34–35: 30 µm.