Libnotes (Libnotes) nohirai Alexander, 1918

Podenas, Sigitas, Byun, Hye-Woo & Kim, Sam-Kyu, 2015, Limoniinae crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) new to Korea, Journal of Species Research 4 (2), pp. 61-96 : 86-88

Libnotes (Libnotes) nohirai Alexander, 1918

Libnotes nohirai Alexander, 1918: 445 ; Savchenko, 1983: 113.

Limonia ingentissima Alexander, 1947: 352 .

General body coloration yellowish brown, surface covered with light gray to whitish pruinosity. Body length of male 8.6­11.2 mm, female 8.2­12.5 mm. Wing length of male 13.3­17.7 mm, female 12.5­17.3 mm. In general, Korean males of L. nohirai are distinctly smaller, than specimens from Japan.

Head dark brown dorsally, getting yellowish laterally, covered with light gray to whitish pruinosity, which is densier along eye margin. Sparse erect brownish setae making row behind posterior eye margin. Vertex dorsally with very narrow median line. Anterior vertex very narrow, slightly rised between eyes, covered with yellowish pruinosity. Eyes large, ventrally nearly reaching each other. Length of male antennae 1.55­1.85 mm, if bent backwards, far not reaching wing base. Antenna of female 1.55­2.35 mm long. Scape elongate, nearly cylindrical, brown, dorsally covered with sparse gray pruinosity and few semi­erect brown setae. Pedicel short, narrower at base wider at apex, brownish basally, yellowish distally. Flagellum 12­segmented, but because distal segment is distinctly narrowed at middle, it looks as if flagellum has 13 flagellomeres. Basal segments of flagellum short, nearly rounded, yellow, segments getting elongate towards distal end of antenna, distal end of flagellum grayish. Apical flagellomere elongate, distinctly longer than preceding segment, wider at base, narrow­ er at apex. Verticils nearly twice as long as respective segments. Pubescence, covering segments short, yellowish, uniformly dense on all sides of flagellum. Rostrum dark brown at base, getting yellowish brown towards distal end, distal margin rimmed by light gray. Rostrum semi­polished, covered with few erect setae and grayish pruinosity. Palpus dark brown, covered with erect dark brown setae. Mouth parts grayish brown.

Thorax brown, covered with fine gray pruinosity. Cervical sclerites dark brown. Pronotum elongate, brownish gray with dark brown dorsal surface and yellowish postero lateral margins. Base color of mesonotal prescutum yellowish, but nearly whole surface of sclerite ocupied by four brown, stripes, that nearly reach each other, margins indistinct. Median stripes wide and darker, indistinctly divided longitudinally by weak median vita. Area between median and lateral stripes bears few erect setae. Lateral stripes very short. Scutal lobes brown, densely covered with gray pruinosity. Scutellum and mediotergite dark brown, covered with dense gray pruinosity. Pleura yellowish brown to gray in male, yellowish to brownish in female, covered with gray pruinosity. Katepisternum brown, just frontal angle yellowish. Dorsopleural membrane yellow. Wing ( Fig. 7F ) yellow, patterned with brown. Brown areas surround veins Sc 1 and Sc 2, R 1 and R 2, wing membrane darkened along entire length of Rs and this darkening through cord reaches posterior wing margin, also darkened distal margin of discal cell and distal part of vein A 2. Small dark spots around R 1 and tip of R 2 are separate, not connected like in related species. Veins yellow, but brown in darkened areas. Venation: Sc long, Sc 1 reaching wing margin far beyond branching point of Rs, Sc 2 close to Sc 1 tip. Rs very short, slightly arched. Vein R 1 very short, transverse; R 2 oblique and extends beyond tip of R 1 in male, but in female it is transverse and at same level as R 1. Both branches of Rs very long, parallel to each other and distinctly arcuated towards posterior wing margin, thus cell r 1 very wide at wing margin. Cross­vein r­m distinct, at base of discal cell. Discal cell long and narrow, slightly more than three times as long as wide. Longitudinal veins issuing from it distinctly turned towards posterior wing margin. Basal deflection of CuA 1 slightly more than its own length beyond branching point of M. A 1 long and nearly straight, A 2 shortened and strongly curved towards posterior wing margin, thus leaving very wide cell a 1 at wing margin. Anal angle small, but comparatively wide. Halter elongate. Length of male halter 2.10­2.90 mm, that of female 1.75­2.55 mm. Stem pale yellow, base whitish, knob darkened, brownish. Coxae and trochanters light yellow, distal margin of trochanter blackened. Femur yellow to brownish yellow with broadly dark brown distal end. Tibia yellow with narrowly darkened distal end. Two basal tarsomeres yellow with narrowly darkened distal ends of segments, remaining three segments dark brown. Legs covered with minute setae. Male femur I: 8.2­11.2 mm long, II: 8.3­12.1 mm, III: 9.9­13.0 mm; tibiae I: 10.3­14.1 mm, II: 9.6­13.42 mm, III: 10.4­13.0 mm; tarsus I: 9.0­ 12.6 mm, II: 7.4­10.2 mm, III: 5.0­ 7.2 mm long. Female femur I: 7.0­ 10.5 mm long, II: 7.4­11.6 mm, III: 8.3­12.3 mm; tibiae I: 9.2­13.4 mm, II: 8.7­11.3 mm, III: 9.4­13.0 mm; tarsus I: 8.8­12.4 mm, II: 7.0­ 9.8 mm, III: 5.3­7.1 mm long. Claw with few spines on basal half.

First abdominal tergite dark brown, sparsely covered with pruinosity, succeeding tergites yellow with three longitudinal brown stripes. Usually median line complete, reaching to posterior end of eigth tergite, in light­ er colored specimens it could disappear before end of abdomen. Basal sternites obscure yellow with lateral longitudinal stripes, median stripe indistinct. Distal segments (6­8) dark brown to black on both dorsal and ventral sides. Male genitalia ( Fig. 8C ) yellow. Ninth tergite simple, transverse, with small median emargination on posterior margin. Gonocoxite elongate, wider at base, narrower towards apex, bearing long and narrow setose ventro­median lobe. Outer gonostylus strongly sclerotised, long and narrow, slightly arched, rod­like. Inner gonostylus with large rostral prolongation armed with two long spines arising from same tubercle and with additional lobe bearing four or five long powerful setae on apex. Paramere long and narrow. Penis simple, long, getting narrower towards apex. Ninth sternite simple, posterior margin nearly straight. Basal part of ovipositor ( Fig. 8I ) brownish yellow. Cercus and hypovalvae dark brown, semi­polished. Cercus bifid at tip. Hypovalvae long and narrow, nearly reaching tip of cercus, distal end slightly enlarged.

Elevation range in Korea. Specimens are known to occur at altitudes from over 200 m to nearly 1950 m.

Period of activity. Adults were flying from late July through November in Korea. Specimens collected by the author in spider webs in early spring, most probably, remained there since previous fall.

Habitats. The species was collected by the author in back­yard of small hotel surrounded by mixed forest and shrubs on steep slope to medium­sized mountainous stream.

General distribution. The species was known from Far East of Russia, Japan and Korea.

Examined materials ( Fig. 10M ): 1♂, 3$$ (pinned), Corea, Ompo , 800 ʹ, XI­3, 1937, Yankovsky ( USNM) ; 2♂♂ (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan , 5000­6000 ft., VII­26, 1940, coll. Yankovsky ( USNM) ; 2$$ (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan , 6000 ft., VIII­2, 1940, coll. Yankovsky ( USNM) ; 1♂, 1$ (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan , 5500­6372 ft., VIII­5, 1940, coll. Yankovsky ( USNM) ; 1♂, 2$$ (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan , 6300 ft., VIII­8, 1940, coll. Yankovsky ( USNM) ; 8♂♂, 9$$ (pinned), [S.] Korea, #37, Hill 1468, 16 mi. NW Chunchon, N38.00000, E127.50000, altitude 4300 ft., 1954.09.16, George W. Byers ( KU) ; 1♂ (pinned), [S.] Korea, #38, Hill 1468, 16 mi. NW Chunchon, N38.00000, E127.50000, altitude 4300 ft., 1954.09.17, George W. Byers ( KU) ; 1♂, 1$ (in ethanol), S. Korea, Jeollanam­do, Gurye­gun, Toji­myeon, Jirisan National Park , Piagol valley , N35.26586, E127. 58090, altitude 448 m, 2012.04.27, S. Podenas (collect­ ed from spider web) ( NIBR) ; 4♂♂ (in ethanol), 2♂♂, 1$ (pinned), S. Korea, Jeollanam­do, Gurye­gun, Toji­myeon, Naedong­ri , N35.26580, E127.58128, altitude 378 m, 2013.05.09 ­11, S. Podenas (collected from spider web) ( NIBR) ; 1$ (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon­do, Pyeongchang­gun, Jinbu­myeon , Dongsan­ri , Odaesan National Park , St. 1, N37.71822, E128.54175, altitude 800 m, 2013.10.30 ­11.28, Park S.­J., Oh S.­B. (malaise trap) ( NIBR) ; 1♂, 3$$ (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon­do, Pyeongchang­gun, Jinbu­myeon , Dongsan­ri , Odaesan National Park , St. 2, N37.76583, E128.57727, altitude 768 m, 2013.10.30 ­11.28, Park S.­J., Oh S.­B. (malaise trap) ( NIBR) .

Figures

Fig. 7. Wings of Libnotes. A. L. (Afrolimonia) ladogensis. B. L. (Libnotes) amatrix, male. C. L. (Libnotes) amatrix, female. D. L. (Libnotes) basistrigata. E. L. (Libnotes) longistigma. F. L. (Libnotes) nohirai. G. L.(Libnotes) puella.

Fig. 8. Male and female terminalia of Libnotes. A­D. male genitalia, dorsal view. A. L.(Libnotes) amatrix. B. L. (Libnotes) basistrigata. C. L. (Libnotes) nohirai. D. L. (Libnotes) puella. E­J. ovipositor, lateral view. E. L.(Afrolimonia) ladogensis. F. L.(Libnotes) amatrix. G. L. (Libnotes) basistrigata. H. L. (Libnotes) longistigma. I. L.(Libnotes) nohirai. J. L.(Libnotes) puella.

Fig. 10. Distribution maps.A. Achyrolimonia basispina. B. Discobola annulata. C. Discobola margarita. D. Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) edwardsi. E. Geranomyia gifuensis. F. Geranomyia multipuncta. G. Geranomyia neavocetta. H. Helius (Helius) nipponensis. I. Libnotes(Afrolimonia) ladogensis. J. Libnotes (Libnotes) amatrix. K. Libnotes (Libnotes) basistrigata. L. Libnotes (Libnotes) longistigma. M. Libnotes (Libnotes) nohirai. N. Libnotes (Libnotes) puella. O. Trentepohlia(Mongoma) pennipes. P. Trentepohlia (Trentepohlia) septemtrionalis.