Calendula murbeckii Lanza ex Murbeck (1923: 59)
|
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.605.1.1 |
|
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E82AFC0A-156E-CA4E-66ED-FBE4819BFCC1 |
|
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
|
scientific name |
Calendula murbeckii Lanza ex Murbeck (1923: 59) |
| status |
|
7. Calendula murbeckii Lanza ex Murbeck (1923: 59) View in CoL ; Maire (1928b: 56); Emberger & Maire (1941: 1152); Nègre (1958: 5, 1962: 299); Ibn Tattou & Fennane (2009: 28); Gonçalves et al. (2014: 273). Calendula echinata subsp. murbeckii (Lanza ex Murbeck (1923: 59)) Maire in Jahandiez & Maire (1934: 788); Ohle (1975a: 13). Type:— MOROCCO. Environs de Marrakesh: Aviation, champs arides, 1921, Murbeck s.n. (holotype LD! [1217767]; isotype MPU! [00819]).
Description:––Annual to short-lived perennial herbs. Stems (6) 22–46 (89) cm long, ascending to diffuse, with glandular hairs. Basal leaves (2.5) 3.5–6.7 (9) × (0.2) 0.3–0.6 (1.1) cm, with (0.2) 0.3–0.4 (0.6) mm thick, linear to oblanceolate, apex acute to slightly acuminate, margins sinuate-dentate, with acute teeth, to ± irregularly pinnatifid, glandular pubescent. Capitula solitary, (2) 2.7–3.4 (4.7) cm diameter, concolorous, yellow to orange. Achenes heteromorphic: outer achenes rostrate (14) 16.3–23 (26) × (1.2) 1.5–1.8 (3.3) mm, ± straight or slightly curved, with dorsal spines or muricate; middle achenes trialate (8.3) 9–10.5 (11.3) × (5) 5.8–8.3 (10.8) mm, lateral wings deeply pinnately cut into segments with truncate apices; inner achenes vermiculate-alate (3.8) 4.3–5.6 (6) × (2.2) 3.1–5.6 mm, with basal and apical teeth; and vermiculate-exalate (3.3) 3.8–4.5 (4.7) × (1) 1.2–1.3 (1.7) mm, both circular to hemicyclic. Figure 16 View FIGURE 16 .
Habitat and distribution:— Clay-limestone rocks,at elevations between 20–150 m. It is found in arid Mediterranean bio-climate. Endemic to Morocco with a distribution restricted to Marrakesh (Jbilet and Lalla Takerkoust). Figure 13 View FIGURE 13 .
Conservation status:—Endangered (EN). This species is under numerous threats, especially due to climate change, drought, development (infrastructures, urbanisation), human interference and grazing. The species is rare and local with a small-restricted range; at present, we only know two populations, one in a reserve of gazelles and another near the Lalla Takerkoust barrage. The classic population disappeared due to the development of the airport. The number of mature individuals is estimated to be <250 based on field observations. The EOO is 124.946 km 2 and the AOO is 12 km 2, both qualifying the species for EN. There was an observed decline, and it is projected to occur a future continuing decline in the EOO and AOO, extent and quality of the habitat, number of locations/subpopulations and number of mature individuals. Therefore, we propose the species conservation status as EN B1ab (i, ii, iii, iv, v) + 2ab (i, ii, iii, iv, v), C2a (i), D.
Chromosome number:— 2n = 18.
Genome size:—2.07 ± 0.14 pg.
Notes:— Murbeck (1923: 59) described this species as displaying only trialate and vermiculate achenes, without specifying which was the type of vermiculate achenes (i.e. alate or exalate). Later Maire (1928b: 56) confirmed the existence of rostrate, trialate, cymbiform and vermiculate-exalate achenes in this species. We have not seen any specimen (in field or herbarium) with cymbiform achenes. Therefore, either Maire (1928b: 56) considered as cymbiform the vermicular-alate achenes, or the specimen he observed was a hybrid. We observed in the field that two, or more, different combinations of achenes may appear in the fruiting capitula. For example, we observed plants with rostrate, trialate, vermiculate-alate and vermiculate-exalate achenes and others lacking the trialate achenes. Nègre (1958: 5) made some observations on C. murbeckii under cultivation: the first generation came out with the same characteristics as the parents, but the second generation displayed intermediate characteristics between C. stellata and C. murbeckii . However, we cannot exclude that this variability result from cross-pollination with some C. stellata that Nègre had growing in the garden at the same time. Maire in Jahandiez & Maire (1934: 788) determined all C. murbeckii specimens collected in the Anti-Atlas coastal region (environs of Mogador, collines des Haha, Agadir, Sous) as C. echinata . Later, Maire (1938: 424) revised his assesssment of C. echinata subsp. murbeckii and recognised this taxon at species level. Maire (1938) considered that the type of C. echinata , also from Mogador (Broussonnet s.n. G00457529) was merely a form of C. arvensis , as he also indicated in the label he added to the specimen in 1938. C. murbeckii has been included by recent authors (e.g. Ohle 1975a: 13) in C. maroccana ; however, we agree with Maire (1938: 424) that C. murbeckii is a distinct species, particularly in view of the different life form, achene morphology and 2C values.
Additional collections:— MOROCCO. Marrakech-Safi: Jbilet, near to the house of the gazele reserve, 624 m [31°52’09” N, 7°57’08” W], 25 March 2013, P GoogleMaps . Silveira, A. C. R. S . Gonçalves & A . Ouhammou 3280 ( AVE!); S of Barrage Lalla Takerhust , 729m [31°21’36” N, 8°09’46” W], 25 March 2013, P GoogleMaps . Silveira, A. C. R. S . Gonçalves & A . Ouhammou 3287 ( AVE!) .
| P |
Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants |
| A |
Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum |
| C |
University of Copenhagen |
| R |
Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile |
| S |
Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History |
| AVE |
Universidade de Aveiro |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
|
Kingdom |
|
|
Phylum |
|
|
Class |
|
|
Order |
|
|
Family |
|
|
Genus |