Calendula suffruticosa subsp. trialata P. Silveira & A.C. Gonç.

Gonçalves, Ana Carla, Ouhammoud, Ahmed, Amirouche, Rachid, Santos, Conceição, Figueiredo, Estrela & Silveira, Paulo, 2023, A taxonomic revision of Calendula (Asteraceae) in Morocco, including some taxa from Algeria and Tunisia, Phytotaxa 605 (1), pp. 1-83 : 58

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.605.1.1
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8181574
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E82AFC0A-1577-CA56-66ED-FD5083EDF991
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Calendula suffruticosa subsp. trialata P. Silveira & A.C. Gonç.
status

Treatment

11n. Calendula suffruticosa subsp. trialata P. Silveira & A.C. Gonç. View in CoL in Gonçalves et al. (2018: 40). Type:— SPAIN. Cádiz: Conil de la Frontera, [36°16’35” N, 6°05’15” W], 25 May 1981, Cambó et al. 421/81 (holotype MA!) GoogleMaps .

Description:––Perennial herbs, ± woody at the base. Stems (25) 29.8–59.5 (66) cm, decumbent to diffuse, ± branched, mostly with glandular hairs and occasional non-glandular hairs, viscous. Basal leaves (3) 4–4.5 (5) × 0.6–1.1 cm, (0.4) 0.5–1.2 (1.5) mm thick, oblanceolate, apex acute to obtuse, margins sub-entire to sinuate-dentate or slightly undulate-dentate, attenuated in a ± large petiole, lamina with glandular and non-glandular hairs, mostly white-arachnoid in the margins, viscous. Capitula solitary, (1.5) 1.8–2.9 (3.3) cm diameter. Outer achenes rostrate (4.5) 5.4–14.1 (16) × 1.3–1.7 (2.5) mm, generally straight or slightly curved, without dorsal spines, at times with one tooth at the base; middle achenes, usually, trialate (7.8) 8.5–9.2 (9.8) × (6.3) 7–8 (8.8) mm, wings sub-entire and sinuate-dentate at the apex, sub-equal, or bialate (9.2) 10.3–13.5 (17) × (3) 5–6.9 (9.3) mm, with a rostrum (1.5) 2–5.7 (8.7) mm, with lateral wings sinuate-dentate; inner achenes vermiculate-exalate (3.8) 4–4.5 (4.7) × (1.3) 1.5–1.8 mm, generally hook-shaped to falcate. Figure 17 View FIGURE 17 .

Habitat and distribution:—Dunes, sandy soils, rocky shores and hills not far from the sea, at elevations of 0–130 m, near the lighthouse at Cape Cires in Tanger ( Morocco).

Conservation status:—Critically Endangered (CR). This taxon is under numerous threats, especially due to climate change (rise in sea level, extreme weather), and human intervention (tourism, leisure activities, infratructures). The subspecies has a small-restricted range, since only one population is known and suffering from high habitat degradation due to human pressure.The number of mature individuals is estimated to be <50 based on field observations, the AOO is 4 km 2, and it is unlikely that more populations exist. Therefore we propose a conservation status of CR B2ab (iii, v), C2a (i, ii), D.

Chromosome number:— 2n = 32.

Genome size:—3.21 ± 0.05 pg.

Additional collections:— MOROCCO. Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceïma : Tanger Cap Cires, 10 m [35°54’27” N, 5°28’54” W], 12 June 2012, P GoogleMaps . Silveira & A. C. R. S . Gonçalves 3267 ( AVE!) .

MA	Real Jardín Botánico
P	Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants
A	Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum
C	University of Copenhagen
R	Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile
S	Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History
AVE	Universidade de Aveiro