Culicoides (Diphaomyia) bergi Cochrane

Phillips, Robert A., 2022, Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Insecta Mundi 2022 (907), pp. 1-214 : 54

Culicoides (Diphaomyia) bergi Cochrane

(Fig. 194)

Culicoides bergi Cochrane, 1973: 311 (female, male; fig. female head, antenna, palpus, wing, spermathecae, male genitalia, parameres; New York).

Culicoides (Diphaomyia) bergi: Wirth et al. 1985: 16 (numerical characters; fig. female wing).

Culicoides baueri Hoffman , misidentified: James 1943: 149 (seasonal distribution; Colorado). Wirth 1952a: 183 (key; female; male genitalia; fig. dorsal thoracic pattern, female palpus, wing, male genitalia). Rees and Bullock 1954 (Utah: Salt Lake County). Foote and Pratt 1954: 16 (in part; key; female; male genitalia; fig. male genitalia). Fox 1955: 229 (in part; key and diagnoses of subgenera; species key; taxonomy).

Culicoides (Diphaomyia) baueri , misidentified: Vargas 1960: 40 (subgenus Diphaomyia Vargas ; designated C. baueri as type species). Jones 1961a: 741 (key; pupa; fig. respiratory trumpet, operculum, chaetotaxy; Texas). Jamnback 1965: 42 (key; female; male genitalia; pupa; distribution; fig. female wing, antenna, palpus, eye separation, pupa). Atchley 1967: 985 (key; numerical characters; female; male genitalia; variation; fig. female wing, palpus, spermathecae, male genitalia, parameres). Battle and Turner 1971: 24 (in part; female, male; biology; fig. female eye separation, palpus, wing, spermathecae, male genitalia).

Diagnosis. ( Tables 14, 15) Wing pattern distinct; r 2 dark; distal pale spot in r 3 bilobed and 8-shaped; pale spots at ~0.3 on M 1 and ~0.5 on M 2; CuA fork and CuA 1 and CuA 2 entirely within pale stripes; ventral apodeme of gonocoxite with two widely divergent processes, footlike, the posterior one small and sometimes unapparent (as in Fig. 78 C . salihi); basal arms of aedeagus each with spurlike process on posterior margin (as in Fig. 73 C . defoliarti - haematopotus ), median process of aedeagus with a median pair of lateral hyaline posterior-projecting points, aedeagal ratio ~0.55; parameres separate, without submedian lobe, with subapical fringe of spines (as in Fig. 77 C . salihi).

Distribution. California, Utah (Box Elder, Cache, Garfield, Grand, Salt Lake, Uintah counties), Wyoming, Colorado, South Dakota, Nebraska, Missouri, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Wisconsin, New York, West Virginia, Virginia. Records for C. baueri from the northern and western United States before 1973 were for C. bergi ( Cochrane 1973) .

Larval ecology. Immatures have been collected from a grassy puddle and from fresh-water spring, creek, and pond margins ( Jones 1961b as C. baueri ; Cochrane 1973), usually from feces-enriched mud ( Knausenberger 1986).

Adult behavior. Cochrane (1973) reports C. bergi collections from quail-baited traps; and Weinmann et al. (1979) collected blood-engorged C. bergi (as C. baueri ) from California quail ( Callipepla californica )-baited traps; however, they found no C. bergi infected with quail heartworm ( Splendidofilaria californiensis ) or other evidence it can transmit the parasite.

Figures

Figures 73–78. Male genitalia of Culicoides subgenus Diphaomyia, ventral view. 73) C. defoliarti-haematopotus, focused on aedeagus (A), paramere (P). 74) C. defoliarti-haematopotus, focused on ventral apodemes of gonocoxites (Gcva) and median lobes on parameres (Pml). 75) C. inyoensis, posterior projections on basal arms of aedeagus circled.76) C. erikae, median lobes on parameres circled.77) C. salihi, focused on aedeagus and parameres, posterior projections on basal arms of aedeagus (App). 78) C. salihi, focused on posterior portion of ventral apodemes of gonocoxites, circled.