Pseudodynerus garcetei, Hermes, Marcel G., 2010

Hermes, Marcel G., 2010, A new eumenine wasp in the genus Pseudodynerus de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), Zootaxa 2441, pp. 63-68 : 64-68

Pseudodynerus garcetei new species

( Figs. 1, 2, 5 and 6 )

Comments and diagnosis. Pseudodynerus garcetei is similar in structure to P. a u r a t o i d e s (Bertoni), P. subapicalis (Fox) , P. obesus Hermes & Melo and P. carpenteri Hermes & Melo. It differs from all of these species by the continuous (fused to the lateral tooth) lamella of the posterior surface of propodeum, which seems to be slightly separated from the lateral tooth in the other species ( Fig. 6 , compare with fig. 41 in Hermes and Melo 2008), and by the wider inferior depressions in the same surface ( Fig. 6 ). Also, the color pattern is unique among all species included in the genus.

Description. Holotype female. Coloration. Integument black with yellow marks as follows: small stripes on base of mandibles ( Fig. 5 ); stripes on inner lower orbit of compound eyes ( Fig. 5 ); small spot on frons between antennal sockets, just above clypeus ( Fig. 5 ); marks on median dorsal surface of pronotum ( Fig. 1 ); small marks on superior portion of mesepisternum ( Fig. 2 ); large interconnected stripes on mesoscutum, resembling and “M” letter ( Fig. 1 ); scutellum and mesoscutum entirely ( Fig. 1 ); dorsal surface of propodeum medially, extending laterally adjacent to posterior surface ( Fig. 6 ); posterior surface of propodeum entirely, except for inferior depressions ( Fig. 6 ); longitudinal stripe on anterior surface of fore tibiae ( Fig. 5 ); longitudinal stripes on outer surfaces of mid and hind coxae; apical marks on inner surfaces of mid femora; small basal and apical spots on inner surfaces of mid tibiae; transverse subapical bands on T1-4 and obsolete band indicated medially on T5 ( Figs. 1 and 2 ); transverse subapical bands on S2-4; wings ambarine basally to hyaline apically; costa and subcosta blackish, remainder of venation chestnut.

Pilosity. Two dense blackish patches of setae on vertex, covering the cephalic foveae; eyes and clypeus bare; withish sparse and erect setae present throughout, which are somewhat longer on mesepisternum, lateral lower surface of propodeum and metasoma.

Surface of Integument. Clypeus reticulate and with regular coarse punctation until apical one third, where the punctures are stretched ( Fig. 5 ); body predominantly covered with coarse and conspicuous punctation, with fine micropunctate, almost reticulate background ( Figs. 1 and 2 ); lateral surface of propodeum smoother, with well-spaced smaller punctures; posterior surface of propodeum smooth, unpunctured; S2 with smaller well-spaced punctures.

Measurements and Structure. FWL 14.12; ABL 15; MHW 3.72; HH 3.52; CW 1.5; CH 1.8. Apex of clypeus slightly concave, almost straight ( Fig. 5 ); occipital carina well developed; pronotal carina developed and slightly raised and lamellar dorsally; lateral face of pronotum depressed; epicnemial carina present but weak, almost obsolete; lamella of posterior surface of propodeum well developed, especially dorsally, continuous laterally and fused to the lateral tooth ( Fig. 6 ); lateral tooth of posterior surface of propodeum developed, inferior depressions of the same surface wide and upside down heart-shaped ( Fig. 6 ); T2 with median hump developed, especially visible in lateral view ( Fig. 2 ).

Male. Unknown.

Etymology. The species is named after Bolívar Rafael Garcete-Barrett, an enthusiastic sphecologist and a special friend.

Type material. Holotype female ( DZUP), BRAZIL: ‘ BRASIL, AM, Novo Airão,\Anavilhanas Jungle Lodge\ 06.vii. 2008, 27m, 2°38’20”S \ 60°56’27”W Grossi & Parizotto’.

Phylogeny. One cladogram was recovered with equal weighting of the characters ( Fig. 7 ). Under implied weighting, ten cladograms were obtained and no internal resolution was recovered for clade 2 of Hermes and Melo (2008). Based on superior resolution, the single cladogram obtained with equal weights provides a better explanation for the relationships among species included in Pseudodynerus .

Pseudodynerus garcetei is closely related to P. auratoides and sister to a clade composed of P. subapicalis , P. obesus and P. carpenteri ( Fig. 7 ). No change in the character optimization was observed from previous results, except that the coarser apical punctation of T2 now places P. garcetei as sister of the previously mentioned clade. As placed deeply within Pseudodynerus , it is obviously that P. garcetei shares with the other members the highly modified integument in the vertex which contains the cephalic foveae (in females), and the presence of lamellae on the posterior surface of propodeum (synapormophies for Pseudodynerus ). However, the propodeal lamella is slightly different and the propodeal concavity much wider than in other species of the genus, which are evidently autapomorphies for this species.

The new species is described from the Amazon Basin, a region that is poorly surveyed even for members of Pseudodynerus (see maps in Hermes and Melo 2008). New efforts and even methods for eumenine collection would probably reveal the occurrence of new taxa in this megadiverse biome of South America.

Figures

FIGURE 7. Cladogram showing relationships among species of Pseudodynerus with equal weighting of the characters (81 steps, Consistency Index (Ci) = 0.62, Retention Index (Ri) = 0.80). Only unambiguous changes are shown. Black circles represent unique changes; white circles represent multiple changes. Character list with respective states as in Hermes and Melo (2008).

FIGURES 1 – 6. Figs. 1, 2, 5 and 6. Pseudodynerus garcetei holotype female: 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 5, head in frontal view; 6, propodeum in oblique-posterior view. Fig. 3. Montezumia liliacea female in dorsal view. Fig. 4. Polybia liliacea female in dorsal view. Scale bar for figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 = 3 mm; figs. 5 and 6 = 1 mm.