Passalinae Leach, 1815

Fonseca, Claudio Ruy Vasconcelos Da, Barbosa, Márcio Luís Leitão & Fernandez, Maria Fernanda Souza, 2011, A hypothetical evolutionary history of passalid beetles narrated by the comparative anatomy of the hindgut (Coleoptera: Passalidae), Zootaxa 3012, pp. 1-20 : 14

Subfamily Passalinae Leach, 1815 (subfamily here redefined to include a smaller group of taxa)

This branch was supported by one synapomorphy:

[Character 17] Ileum with symmetrical, lateral diverticula (0); asymmetrical (1). Unambiguous optimization (ci = 100; ri = 100).

At this level, lateral diverticula were asymmetrical in numbers and size on both surfaces of the ileum, giving it a more flattened appearance ( Figs 6 , 7 ). This character state was apomorphic.

Figures

FIGURE 6. Passalinae hindgut. A— Ptichopus angulatus (Percheron), Costa Rica; B— Passalus interruptus (Linnaeus), Brazil; C— Spasalus crenatus (MacLeay), Puerto Rico; D— Paxillus leachi MacLeay, Brazil; E— Passipassalus buhrnheimi Fonseca & Reyes-Castillo, Brazil (Fig. E from Fonseca & Reyes – Castillo 1993).

FIGURE 7. Macrolininae hindgut. A— Pleurarius pilipes Kaup, India; B— Ophrygonius inaequalis (Burmeister), India; C— Episphenus moorei Kaup, India; D— Aceraius grandis (Burmeister), Taiwan; E— Macrolinus latipennis (Percheron), Java; F— Pseudepisphenus perplexus Gravely, New Guinea; G— Protomocoelus australis (Boisduval), Solomon Islands; H— Labienus ptox (Kaup), New Guinea; I— Analaches puberilis Kuwert, New Guinea.