Solariola gestroi (A. Solari & F. Solari, 1904 )

Bello’, Cesare, Osella, Giuseppe & Baviera, Cosimo, 2019, A taxonomic monograph of the genus Solariola Flach, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), Zootaxa 4676 (1), pp. 1-261 : 97-104

Solariola gestroi (A. Solari & F. Solari, 1904)

( Figs 16, 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, 16 ’, 16’a, 16’b, 16’c, 16’d, 16’e, 45a, 62, 62’, 105, 148, 191)

Otiorhynchus (Troglorhynchus) gestroi A. Solari & F. Solari, 1904: 169–171 .

Troglorhynchus (Solariella) gestroi: Flach, 1905 (note): 318; Ragusa, 1906 (note): 62; Normand, 1908 (fauna): 227.

Troglorhynchus (Solariola) gestroi: Hoffmann, 1950 (catalogue): 151.

Solariola gestroi: A. Solari & F. Solari, 1923 (revision): 51–57; Luigioni, 1929 (catalogue): 871; Porta, 1932 (catalogue): 57; Winkler, 1932 (catalogue): 1432; Lona, 1937 (catalogue): 233; Osella, 1976: 194 (fauna); Osella, 1979 (fauna): 312; Abbazzi et al., 1989 (fauna): 321; Abbazzi & Osella, 1992 (catalogue): 302; Abbazzi et al., 1995 (catalogue): 22; Osella & Di Marco 1996 (fauna): 355; Colonnelli, 2003 (checklist): 46; Osella et al., 2005 (checklist); Abbazzi & Maggini, 2009 (catalogue): 58; Magnano & Alonso Zarazaga, 2013 (catalogue): 346; Baviera, 2015: 401–428 (revision); Morrone & Hlaváč, 2017 (checklist): 50; Pierotti, 2017a (catalogue): 344.

Type locality. Campania, Vallo della Lucania, S. Biase di Ceraso ( Fig. 242 ) .

Diagnosis. A small size Solariola (TL: 2.6 0–2.72 mm; BL: 2.10–2.20 mm) belonging to the gestroi group with more robust body shape. Within the species group, it is recognisable by oblong-oval elytra with badly defined punctures and interstriae with elongate, recumbent setae. Rostrum short (RL: 0.40, RW: 0.30 RL/RW: 1.33–1.33). Mesorostrum carinae just divergent to sides. Forehead convex (FW/MW: 2.00–2.00). Submentum and laterally mesorostrum with short, whitish-yellowish pappolepida. Antennae long and thin (SL: 0.50– 0.50 mm, FL: 0.75– 0.75 mm, SL/FL: 0.67–0.67). Pronotum generally as long as wide (PL: 0.57–0.60 mm, PW: 0.57–0.58 mm, PL/PW: 1.00–1.03) without echinopappolepida at base. Oblong-oval elytra, dorsally vaulted (EL: 1.52–1.57 mm, EW: 0.83– 0.85 mm, EL/EW: 1.79–1.89).

Material examined. Holotype male with following labels: [genitalia in DHMF] [transparent label] / S[an] Biase, Ceraso, 20. V. 1902, Solari [w, hw] / Typus [w, p] (on the back) Troglorhynchus Gestroi Solari, Bull. [ettino] Soc.[ietà] E.[ntomologica] It.[aliana] 1923 [w, hw] / Solariola gestroi (Solari, 1903) HOLOTYPUS det. Baviera 2014 [r, p] / Solariola gestroi (Solari, 1903) Holotype, det. Bellò, Osella & Baviera, 2018 [r, p] / esemplare fotografato by Francesco Sacco [y, p] ( MSNM).

Paratypes. Two females, with the following labels: 1) S. Biase di Ceraso, 20.V.1902 / [leg.] Solari [w, hw, p] / coTypus [w, p] / Troglorhynchus Gestroi Solari Typus! [w, hw] / PARATYPUS Ot. Troglorhynchus Gestroi A. & F. Solari, 1903 [r, p, hw] / Museo Genova Coll. A. Dodero (acquisto 2000) [w, p] / Solariola gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1903) PARATYPUS [det. Baviera 2014] [r, p] ( MSNG); 2) S[an] Biase, Ceraso, 20. V. 1902, Solari [w, hw] / Typus [w, p] (on the back) Troglorhynchus Gestroi Solari, Bull. [ettino] Soc.[ietà] E.[ntomologica] It.[aliana] 1923 [w, hw] / Solariola gestroi (Solari, 1903) PARATYPUS [det. Baviera 2014] [r, p] / Collezione Cesare Bellò, Castelfranco Veneto [g, p] / esemplare fotografato by Francesco Sacco [y, p] ( CBE).

Additional material examined (sixty-nine males and females) with the following data: S. Biase di Ceraso, 7.XI.1902, [Leg.] Bensa; Vallo Lucano, [leg.] Solari; S. Biase, Vallo Lucano, 12.VI.1904, [leg.] Solari; same data, V.1904; same data; 8.VI.1904; same data, VI.1904; same data, 10.VI.1904; same data, 15.VI.1904; same data 25.V.1907; Vallo Lucano, Novi Velia, 29.IV.1966, leg. Sbordoni; Salerno Vallo della Lucania Novi Velia, 31.X.2011, Leg. Bellò C.; Salerno, Vallo Lucano, Ceraso, San Biase, 660m, vaglio Quercus ilex + Castanea / Ceraso loc. San Biase, 40°10’37.6’’N 15°16’45.0’’E, 30.IV.2018, Bellò & Chemello leg. ( CBA, CBE, GOS, MCZR, MSNM, MSNG).

Holotype redescription. Male. See Figs 16, 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e . Oval-elongate body (T L: 2.72 mm, BL: 2.20 mm). Brownish cuticle.

Rostrum short (RL: 0.40 mm, RW: 0.30 mm, RL/RW: 1.33), conical to sides with pterygium expanded. Epistome absent. Mesorostrum carinae just divergent to sides. Submentum with short, whitish-yellowish pappolepida, also partially visible around mesorostrum. Interocular pit visible. Forehead convex (FW/MW: 2.00). Vestigial eyes flat and just visible.

Antennae thin and elongate (SL: 0.50 mm, FL: 0.75 mm, SL/FL: 0.67); AS ratio: 6.5.4.3.3.3.4.11. Scape clubbed, slightly more robust than funicle, curved at proximal third and progressively thickening towards apex. Funicle long and thin; all segments with elongate and thin setae. Club three-segmented, fusiform, in length twice the width, densely covered by thin setae.

Pronotum nearly as long as wide (PL: 0.60 mm, PW: 0.58 mm, PL/PW: 1.03), wider in the middle and without echinopappolepida at base. Scutellum visible.

Elytra oval elongate to sides, dorsally vaulted (EL: 1.57 mm, EW: 0.83 mm, EL/EW: 1.89), wider at middle with convex suture. Humeri obliquely rounded. Striae with 12–13 badly defined punctures, badly catenulate, not deep. Interstriae convex with thin and elongate setae recumbent. Elytral declivity> 60 degrees.

Legs short and robust with femora clubbed. Protibia with seven acute spines on inner edge and an evident mucro on inner apical angle. Protibia sinuous on inner edge and straight in side view. Metatibia and mesotibia straight in side view. All tibia with noticeable apical comb. Tarsal segment 1 short, conical; segment 2 short and transverse; segment 3 very bilobed; all segments with thin golden setae. Onychium curved, robust and short with one short claw.

Male genitalia. See Figs: dorsal shape aedeagus Fig. 62 ; apex of penis Fig. 62 ’; IX sternite Fig. 105 .

Female genitalia. See Figs: spermatheca Fig. 148 ; VIII sternite Fig. 191 .

Sexual dimorphism. Males can usually be recognized by their smaller size, slender appearance, more rounded humeri, legs stronger with a more noticeable apical mucro, and ventrites 1 and 2 slightly hollowed.

Paratypes variability. Paratypes, sexual dimorphism excluded, are similar to the holotype but differs in size.

Distribution. See Figs. 222, 222a. Italian endemic. Known from Salerno, Vallo Lucano, surroundings of San Biase of Ceraso type locality at 400–700 meters of elevation.

Ecology and Phenology. This species was described from three specimens collected in Castanea sativa Miller forest under leaves ( Solari & Solari, 1904). Adults are found in late spring or early summer, collected by sifting leaf litter either ( Castanea or Quercus ) or under deep stones ( Osella, 1976).

Main soil type. Chromic Cambisol ( European Soil Data Centre; Panagos et al. 2012) .

Reproduction. Amphigonic.

Associated species. Sympatric with Heteromeira curvisetis Pierotti, 2011 and Aparopion suturidens Reitter, 1891 .

Figures

FIGURES 16–16e. Solariola gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1904) holotype ♂ from “San Biase, Ceraso”: 16—habitus dorsal view (scale bar: 1 mm); 16a—habitus, lateral view; 16b—rostrum, lateral view; 16c—base of the elytra; 16d—elytral declivity; 16e—details rostrum, pronotum, funicle and club.

FIGURES 239–242. FIGURE 239. “Messina, Nebrodi, Caronia, Contrada Onofrio” type locality of S. sabellai Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n.—Photo by C. Bellò. FIGURE 240. “Agrigento, Palma di Montechiaro, 120m” type locality of S. saccoi Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n.—Photo by C. Bellò. FIGURE 241. “Agrigento, Montallegro” type locality of S. selinusia Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n.—Photo by C. Bellò. FIGURE 242. “Vallo della Lucania, San Biase, Ceraso” type locality of S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1903)..—Photo by C. Bellò.

FIGURES 47–89. Dorsal view aedeagus: 47—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 48—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 49—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 50—S. benellii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 51—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 52—S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 53—S. hyblensis sp. n, ♂ unknown; 54—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 55—S. mariaeclarae sp.n., paratype; 56—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 57—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 58—S. petriolii sp.n., paratype; 59—S. sabellai sp.n., ♂ unknown; 60—S. saccoi sp.n., holotype; 61—S. selinusia sp.n., holotype; 62—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), paratype; 63—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 64—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 65—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n., paratype; 66—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 67—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 68—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 69—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 70—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 71—S. poggii sp.n., paratype; 72—S. sbordonii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 73—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 74—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 75—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 76—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 77—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923; 78—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923; 79—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 80—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 81—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 82—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 83—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 84—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 85—S. nemoralis sp.n., paratype; 86—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 87—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 88—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 89—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.

FIGURES 90–132. IX Sternite: 90—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 91—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 92—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 93—S. benellii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 94—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 95—S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 96—S. hyblensis sp.n., ♂ unknown; 97—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 98—S. mariaeclarae sp.n.,# paratype; 99—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 100—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 101—S. petriolii sp.n., paratype; 102—S. sabellai sp.n., ♂ unknown; 103—S. saccoi sp.n., ♂ holotype; 104—S. selinusia sp.n., ♂ holotype; 105—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), paratype; 106—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 107—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 108—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n. paratype; 109—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 110—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 111—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 112—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 113—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 114—S. poggii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 115—S. sbordonii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 116—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 117—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 118—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 119—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 120—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923; 121—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923, not present; 122—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 123—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 124—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 125—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 126—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 127—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 128—S. nemoralis sp.n., paratype; 129—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 130—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 131—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 132—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.

FIGURES 133–175. Spermatheca: 133—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 134—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 135—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 136—S. benellii sp.n., holotype; 137—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 138— S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 139—S. hyblensis sp.n., holotype; 140—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 141—S. mariaeclarae sp.n., paratype; 142—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 143—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., paratype; 144—S. petriolii sp.n., holotype, not found spermatheca; 145—S. sabellai sp.n., holotype; 146—S. saccoi sp.n., ♀ unknown; 147—S. selinusia sp.n. ♀ unknown; 148—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), sintypus; 149—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 150—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 151—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n., paratype; 152—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 153—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 154—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 155—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 156—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 157—S. poggii sp.n., holotype; 158—S. sbordonii sp.n., holotype; 159—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 160—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 161—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 162—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 163—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 164—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923; 165—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 166—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 167—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 168—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 169—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 170—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 171—S. nemoralis sp.n., holotype; 172—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 173—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 174—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 175—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.

FIGURES 176–218. VIII Sternite: 176—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 177—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 178—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 179—S. benellii sp.n., holotype; 180—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 181— S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 182—S. hyblensis sp.n., holotype; 183—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 184—S. mariaeclarae sp.n., paratype; 185—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 186—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., paratype; 187—S. petriolii sp.n., holotype; 188—S. sabellai sp.n., holotype; 189—S. saccoi sp.n., ♀ unknown; 190—S. selinusia sp.n. ♀ unknown; 191—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), sintypus; 192—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 193—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 194—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n., paratype; 195—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 196—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 197—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 198—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 199—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 200—S. poggii sp.n., holotype; 201—S. sbordonii sp.n., holotype; 202—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 203—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 204—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 205—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 206—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 207—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923; 208—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 209—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 210—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 211—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 212—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 213—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 214—S. nemoralis sp.n., holotype; 215—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 216—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 217—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 218—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.