Solariola paganettii ( Flach, 1905 )

Bello’, Cesare, Osella, Giuseppe & Baviera, Cosimo, 2019, A taxonomic monograph of the genus Solariola Flach, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), Zootaxa 4676 (1), pp. 1-261 : 159-167

Solariola paganettii ( Flach, 1905)

( Figs 30, 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e, 30 ’, 30’a, 30’b, 30’c, 30’d, 30’e, 46a, 76, 76’, 119, 162, 205)

Troglorhynchus (Solariella) paganettii Flach, 1905: 318 . Troglorhynchus (Solariella) paganettii Ragusa, 1906 (note): 62. Otiorhynchus (Solariella) flachi Weise, 1907 (note): 13. Solariola paganettii: A. Solari & F. Solari, 1923 (revision): 51–57; Luigioni, 1929 (catalogue): 871; Porta, 1932 (catalogue):

57; Winkler, 1932 (sub Flachi) (catalogue): 1432; Lona, 1937 (catalogue): 233; Osella, 1976: 195 (fauna); Osella, 1979

(fauna): 312; Abbazzi et al., 1989 (fauna): 321; Abbazzi & Osella, 1992 (catalogue): 302; Abbazzi et al., 1995 (catalogue): 22; Osella & Di Marco 1996 (fauna): 353–355; Colonnelli, 2003 (checklist): 46; Osella et al., 2005 (checklist); Abbazzi & Maggini, 2009 (catalogue): 58; Magnano & Alonso Zarazaga, 2013 (catalogue): 80, 347; Baviera, 2015: 402–405, 412–415, 421, 426–428 (revision); Morrone & Hlaváč, 2017 (checklist): 50; Pierotti, 2017a (catalogue): 344.

Type locality. Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Aspromonte Mountains ( Fig. 256 ) .

Diagnosis. A small size Solariola (TL: 2.7 0–2.77 mm; BL: 2.25–2.28 mm) belonging to the paganettii group with slender body shape. Within the species group, it is recognizable by red– yellow–brownish cuticle, elongate pronotum, dentate or sub-dentate profemora. Rostrum quite slender and short (RL: 0.35–0.40 mm, RW: 0.28–0.30 mm, RL/RW: 1.25–1.33). Mesorostrum carinae divergent to sides. Forehead convex (FW/MW: 2.00–2.00). Submentum and laterally mesorostrum with a few, short, whitish-yellowish pappolepida. Antennae very long and thin (SL: 0.50–0.55 mm, FL: 0.70–0.78 mm, SL/FL: 0.70–0.71). Pronotum longer than wide (PL: 0.60–0.62 mm, PW: 0.52–0.55 mm, PL/PW: 1.13–1.15) without echinopappolepida at base. Elongate, sub-parallel elytra, dorsally vault- ed (EL: 1.65– 1.62 mm, EW: 0.79–0.82 mm, EL/EW: 2.01–2.05) with thin and elongate setae raised.

Material examined. Neotype male with following labels: [genitalia in glue] [white label] / Calabria Aspromonte [w, p] / Paganetti [w, p] / 1905 [w, p]; Paganettii tipo pene Solari Boll.[ettino] Soc.[ietà] E.[ntomologica] It.[aliana] 1923 [w, hw] / Solariola paganettii ( Flach, 1905) NEOTYPUS [Baviera 2013 des.] [r, p] / Solariola paganettii ( Flach, 1905) Neotype, det. Bellò, Osella & Baviera, 2018 [r, p] / esemplare fotografato by Francesco Sacco [y, p] ( MSNM) .

Others specimens examined with the following labels: Calabria Aspromonte Paganetti [w, p] (4 specimens, CBE, TMLF); Calabria, Aspromonte , 1905 [w, p] / Paganetti [leg.] [w, p] (13 specimens, DEI, MCZR, MSNM) ; Calabria, S. [anta] Eufemia d’ Aspromonte, 1905 [w, p] / Paganetti [leg.] [w, p] (3 specimens, MSNM) ; Calabria, Aspromonte, Gambarie , 19. X. 1966, Osella [w, hw] (2 specimens, CBE, MSNG) ; Aspromonte, Calabria, Montalto , 1850m, 22. X. 1966, Osella [w, p or hw] (21 specimens, CBA, CBE, MSNG, GOS) ; Aspromonte , Gambarie ( RC) , 1300m, 19 VI 1987, leg. F. Angelini [w, hw] (1 specimen, CBE) ; Aspromonte, S. ta Eufemia, Fiumara di Crasta , castagneto, 630m, 3. V. 1993, leg. Angelini & Sabella [w, hw] (6 specimens, CBA, CBE, GOS, LDI, MZUF) ; Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Aspromonte, Montalto , 1500m., RCMO 3.1, 20. VII. 2009, leg Baviera C. [w, p] (1 female, CBA) . Others specimens are fifty unsexed specimens.

Neotype redescription. Male. See Figs 30, 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 30e . Elongate body (T L: 2.77 mm, BL: 2.25 mm). Yellow–brownish cuticle.

Rostrum short (RL: 0.40 mm, RW: 0.30 mm, RL/RW: 1.33), conical to sides with pterygium expanded. Epistome absent. Mesorostrum carinae just divergent to sides. Submentum with short, whitish-yellowish pappolepida, also partially visible around mesorostrum. Interocular pit visible. Forehead convex (FW/MW: 2.00). Vestigial eyes flat and just visible.

Antennae thin and elongate (SL: 0.55 mm, FL: 0.78 mm, SL/FL: 0.70); AS ratio: 6.6.4.3.3.3.3.12. Scape clubbed, slightly more robust than funicle, curved at proximal third and progressively thickening towards apex. Funicle long and thin; all segments with elongate and thin setae. Club three-segmented, oval–elongate, in length twice the width, densely covered by thin setae.

Pronotum longer than wide (PL: 0.62 mm, PW: 0.55 mm, PL/PW: 1.13), wider in the basal half and without echinopappolepida at base. Scutellum visible.

Elytra elongate, sub-parallel to sides, dorsally vaulted (EL: 1.62 mm, EW: 0.79 mm, EL/EW: 2.05), wider in the basal third with convex suture. Humeri rounded. Striae with 18–19 punctures, catenulate, not deep. Interstriae flat with thin and elongate setae raised. Elytral declivity> 60 degrees.

Legs elongate and not robust with femora dentate or sub–dentate. Protibia with five acute spines on inner edge and an evident mucro on inner apical angle. Protibia sinuous on inner edge and curved in side view. Metatibia and mesotibia straight in side view. All tibia with noticeable apical comb. Tarsal segment 1 short, conical; segment 2 short and transverse; segment 3 very bilobed; all segments with thin golden setae. Onychium curved, robust and short with one short claw.

Male genitalia. See Figs: dorsal shape aedeagus Fig. 76 ; apex of penis Fig. 76 ’; IX sternite Fig. 119 .

Female genitalia. See Figs: spermatheca Fig. 162 ; VIII sternite Fig. 205 .

Sexual dimorphism. Males can usually be recognized by their smaller size, slender appearance, more rounded humeri, legs stronger with a more noticeable apical mucro, and ventrites 1 and 2 slightly hollowed.

Paratypes variability. Paratypes, sexual dimorphism excluded, are similar to the holotype but differs in size.

Distribution. See Figs. 223, 223a. Italian endemic. Known only from the southern part of Aspromonte Massif, surroundings of Gambarie at 600–1600 meters of elevation.

Ecology and Phenology. Paganetti-Hummler collected the type series under deep layers of moist beech leaves in Aspromonte (Calabria) between June and July 1895 ( Flach, 1905). Although Flach (1905) write: “Bei St. Eufemia d‘Aspromonte (1600 m) fing derselbe unter denselben Verhältnissen im Kastanienwalde eine Anzahl Gestroi und wenige Paganettii”. We collected S. paganettii by Winkler or Berlese extractors from soil obtained sifting the leaf litter of a Fagus and Castanea forest with Hedera sp. Also with pitfall traps (Angelini & Sabella) or under stone and tearing clods of grass.

Main soil type. Dystrict Cambisol ( European Soil Data Centre; Panagos et al. 2012) .

Reproduction. Amphigonic.

Associated species. Sympatric with Heteromeira marianii (Pesarini, 1972) .

Figures

FIGURES 30–30e. Solariola paganettii (Flach, 1905) neotype ♂ from “Aspromonte”: 30—habitus dorsal view (scale bar: 1 mm); 30a—habitus, lateral view; 30b—rostrum, lateral view; 30c—base of the elytra; 30d—elytral declivity; 30e—details rostrum, pronotum, funicle and club.

FIGURES 255–258. FIGURE 255. “Catanzaro, Sambiase, Terme di Caronte, 260m” type locality of S. zoiai Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. FIGURE 256. “Reggio Calabria, Aspromonte, Montalto“ locality of S. paganettii (Flach, 1905)—Photo by C. Baviera FIGURE 257. “Aspromonte, Santa Eufemia” locality of S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923. FIGURE 258. “Messina, Peloritani, Monte Ciccia” locality of S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923—Photo by C. Baviera.

FIGURES 47–89. Dorsal view aedeagus: 47—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 48—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 49—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 50—S. benellii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 51—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 52—S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 53—S. hyblensis sp. n, ♂ unknown; 54—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 55—S. mariaeclarae sp.n., paratype; 56—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 57—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 58—S. petriolii sp.n., paratype; 59—S. sabellai sp.n., ♂ unknown; 60—S. saccoi sp.n., holotype; 61—S. selinusia sp.n., holotype; 62—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), paratype; 63—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 64—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 65—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n., paratype; 66—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 67—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 68—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 69—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 70—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 71—S. poggii sp.n., paratype; 72—S. sbordonii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 73—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 74—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 75—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 76—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 77—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923; 78—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923; 79—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 80—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 81—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 82—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 83—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 84—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 85—S. nemoralis sp.n., paratype; 86—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 87—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 88—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 89—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.

FIGURES 90–132. IX Sternite: 90—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 91—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 92—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 93—S. benellii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 94—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 95—S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 96—S. hyblensis sp.n., ♂ unknown; 97—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 98—S. mariaeclarae sp.n.,# paratype; 99—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 100—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 101—S. petriolii sp.n., paratype; 102—S. sabellai sp.n., ♂ unknown; 103—S. saccoi sp.n., ♂ holotype; 104—S. selinusia sp.n., ♂ holotype; 105—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), paratype; 106—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 107—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 108—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n. paratype; 109—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 110—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 111—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 112—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 113—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 114—S. poggii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 115—S. sbordonii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 116—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 117—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 118—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 119—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 120—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923; 121—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923, not present; 122—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 123—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 124—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 125—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 126—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 127—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 128—S. nemoralis sp.n., paratype; 129—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 130—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 131—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 132—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.

FIGURES 133–175. Spermatheca: 133—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 134—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 135—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 136—S. benellii sp.n., holotype; 137—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 138— S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 139—S. hyblensis sp.n., holotype; 140—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 141—S. mariaeclarae sp.n., paratype; 142—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 143—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., paratype; 144—S. petriolii sp.n., holotype, not found spermatheca; 145—S. sabellai sp.n., holotype; 146—S. saccoi sp.n., ♀ unknown; 147—S. selinusia sp.n. ♀ unknown; 148—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), sintypus; 149—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 150—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 151—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n., paratype; 152—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 153—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 154—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 155—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 156—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 157—S. poggii sp.n., holotype; 158—S. sbordonii sp.n., holotype; 159—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 160—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 161—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 162—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 163—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 164—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923; 165—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 166—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 167—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 168—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 169—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 170—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 171—S. nemoralis sp.n., holotype; 172—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 173—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 174—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 175—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.

FIGURES 176–218. VIII Sternite: 176—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 177—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 178—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 179—S. benellii sp.n., holotype; 180—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 181— S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 182—S. hyblensis sp.n., holotype; 183—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 184—S. mariaeclarae sp.n., paratype; 185—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 186—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., paratype; 187—S. petriolii sp.n., holotype; 188—S. sabellai sp.n., holotype; 189—S. saccoi sp.n., ♀ unknown; 190—S. selinusia sp.n. ♀ unknown; 191—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), sintypus; 192—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 193—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 194—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n., paratype; 195—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 196—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 197—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 198—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 199—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 200—S. poggii sp.n., holotype; 201—S. sbordonii sp.n., holotype; 202—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 203—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 204—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 205—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 206—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 207—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923; 208—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 209—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 210—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 211—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 212—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 213—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 214—S. nemoralis sp.n., holotype; 215—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 216—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 217—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 218—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.