Solariola raphaelis Bellò, Osella & Baviera, 2019

Bello’, Cesare, Osella, Giuseppe & Baviera, Cosimo, 2019, A taxonomic monograph of the genus Solariola Flach, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), Zootaxa 4676 (1), pp. 1-261 : 223-226

Solariola raphaelis Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n.

( Figs 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e , 46m , 88, 88 ’, 131, 174, 217) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:049D9BCB-7268-408E-9392-F126C4D80C47

Type locality. Sicily, Peloritani Mountains, Messina, Antennammare Mount, 1133m ( Fig. 268 ).

Diagnosis. A small size Solariola (TL: 2.5 0–3.00 mm; BL: 2.05–2.55 mm) belonging to the paganettii group with slender body shape. Within the species group, it is recognisable by small size, elytral declivity>75 degrees, pronotum longer than wide. Rostrum robust and short (RL: 0.40–0.45 mm, RW: 0.30–0.35 mm, RL/RW: 1.29– 1.33). Mesorostrum carinae sub-parallel or slightly divergent to sides. Forehead convex (FW/MW: 2.00–2.00). Submentum with short, whitish-yellowish pappolepida. Antennae with thin scape and elongate funicle (SL: 0.45–0.50 mm, FL: 0.65–0.80 mm, SL/FL: 0.63–0.69). Pronotum longer than wide (PL: 0.55–0.75 mm, PW: 0.50–0.65 mm, PL/PW: 1.10–1.20) without echinopappolepida at base. Elongate, slightly sub-oval elytra, dorsally vaulted (EL: 1.52–1.85 mm, EW: 0.75–0.90 mm, EL/EW: 2.00–2.05) with thin, not elongate, raised setae.

Type series. Holotype male with following labels: [genitalia in DHMF] [transparent label] / ♂ [w, p] / Sicilia: Messina, Peloritani , Monte Antennammare , vaglio Quercus, 1133m , 15. VI. 2009, leg. Baviera C.[osimo] [w, p] / N38°09.725’ E15°28.122’ [w, p] / MEDI 1.1 [w, hw] / Collezione Cesare Bellò , Castelfranco Veneto [g, p] / Solariola raphaelis Holotype det. Bellò, Osella & Baviera, 2018 [r, p] / esemplare fotografato by Francesco Sacco [y, p] ( MCIZ) .

Paratypes nineteen specimens with following labels: Sicilia: Messina, Peloritani, Monte Antennammare, vaglio Quercus, 1133m , 22. III. 2008, Leg. Baviera C. & Rando A., 1 female ( CBA) ; Sicilia: Messina, Peloritani, Monte Antennammare, vaglio Quercus, 1133m , 06. X. 2008, leg. Baviera C./ N38°09.276’ E15°27.506’, 1 female ( CBA) ; Sicilia: Messina, Peloritani, Monte Antennammare, vaglio Quercus, 1133m , 02. I. 2009, leg. Baviera C./ N38°09.725’ E15°28.122’, 1 male ( CBA) ; same data, 07. I. 2009, 1 female ( CBA); same data, 15. VI. 2009, 1 male and 2 females ( CBA, CBE, GOS) ; same data, 6. I. 2010, 1 male and 1 female ( CBE); same data, 4. VI. 2010, 2 females ( CBA, CBE); Sicilia: Messina, Peloritani, Monte Antennammare, vaglio Quercus , Acer , Castanea, 1070m , 15.VI. 2009, Leg. Baviera C., 1 male ( CBA) ; Sicilia: Messina, Peloritani, Monte Antennammare, Quercus, 1133m , 04. XI. 2010, Leg. Baviera C. & Bellò C. / N38°09.276’ E15°27.506’, 1 male and 1female ( CBA, CBE) ; Sicilia: Messina, Peloritani, Monte Antennammare, Quercus, 1133m , 26. IX. 2010, Leg. Baviera C. / N38°09.276’ E15°27.506, 1 male ( MTE) ; Sicilia ( ME), sotto Dinnammare, vaglio Quercus , 6. V. 2010, Baviera C. leg., 1 female ( CBE) ; I, Sicilia, Peloritani, Messina, Antennammare, vaglio Quercus ilex, 1100m , 18.V.2018, Baviera leg., 1 male and 2 females ( CBA, CBE) . All with label: Solariola raphaelis paratype det. Bellò, Osella & Baviera, 2018 [r, p].

Other specimens with following labels: Sicilia: Messina, Peloritani, Monte Antennammare, vaglio Quercus ilex, 1000m , 6. I. 2010, leg. Baviera C. / N38°09’45.9 ’’’ E15°27’50.9’’, 5 exx ( CBA, CBE); / N38°09.765’ E15°27.848’, 2 exx ( CBA, CBE).

Sicilia: Messina, Peloritani, Monte Antennammare 2, vaglio Quercus, 1000m , 8. II. 2011, Leg . Baviera C.

All with label: Solariola raphaelis det. Bellò, Osella & Baviera, 2018 [w, p]. Other specimens are seven males and females.

Holotype description. Male. See Figs 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e . Elongate body (T L: 2.50 mm, BL: 2.05 mm). Red-brownish cuticle.

Rostrum short and robust (RL: 0.40 mm, RW: 0.30 mm, RL/RW: 1.33), conical to sides with pterygium expanded. Epistome absent. Mesorostrum carinae sub-parallel to sides. Submentum with few, short and yellowish pappolepida, not visible around mesorostrum. Interocular pit visible. Forehead convex (FW/MW: 2.00). Vestigial eyes, small, slightly convex, and just visible.

Antennae thin and elongate (SL: 0.45 mm, FL: 0.65 mm, SL/FL: 0.69); AS ratio: 5.4.3.2.2.2.2.8. Scape clubbed, slightly robust than funicle, curved at proximal third and progressively thickening towards apex. Funicle elongate and thin; all segments with elongate and thin setae. Club three-segmented, oval-shaped, in length twice the width, densely covered by thin setae.

Pronotum longer than wide (PL: 0.55 mm, PW: 0.50 mm, PL/PW: 1.10), wider at middle and without echinopappolepida at base. Scutellum visible.

Elytra elongate, slightly sub-oval to sides, dorsally vaulted (EL: 1.52 mm, EW: 0.75 mm, EL/EW: 2.03), wider at middle with convex suture. Humeri rounded. Striae with 14 punctures, catenulate, close, not small, deep. Interstriae convex with thin, short, raised setae. Elytral declivity <75 degrees.

Legs elongate and not robust with clubbed femora. Protibia with seven acute spines on inner edge and an evident mucro on inner apical angle. Protibia sinuous on inner edge and slightly curved in side view. Metatibia and mesotibia straight in side view. All tibia with noticeable apical comb. Tarsal segment 1 short, conical; segment 2 short and transverse; segment 3 very bilobed; all segments with thin golden setae. Onychium curved, robust and short with one short claw.

Male genitalia. See Figs: dorsal shape aedeagus Fig. 88 ; apex of penis Fig. 88 ’; IX sternite Fig. 131 .

Female genitalia. See Figs: spermatheca Fig. 174 ; VIII sternite Fig. 217 .

Sexual dimorphism. Males can usually be recognized by their smaller size, slender appearance, more rounded humeri, legs stronger with a more noticeable apical mucro, and ventrites 1 and 2 slightly hollowed.

Paratypes variability. Paratypes, sexual dimorphism excluded, are similar to the holotype but differs in size.

Distribution. See Figs. 223, 223a. Sicilian endemic. Known from Peloritani Mountains on the top Antennammare Mount at 1000–1133 meters of elevation.

Etymology. Named after Raffaele (Raphael in biblical Latin), the young son of one of us (Baviera).

Ecology and Phenology. Collected S. raphaelis by Winkler extractors from soil obtained sifting the leaf litter of Quercus , in winter or spring season.

Main soil type. Dystric Cambisol ( European Soil Data Centre; Panagos et al. 2012).

Reproduction. Amphigonic.

Associated species. Sympatric with Pseudomeira vitalei (A. & F. Solari, 1907).

Figures

FIGURES 46a–46n. Facies of Solariola paganettii species group: 46a—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905) ♂ neotype; 46b—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923 ♂ lectotype; 46c—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923 ♂ holotype; 46d—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015 ♂ holotype; 46e—S. comata Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46f—S. graziaensis Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46g—S. margaritae Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46h—S. mariaetheresiae Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holo- type; 46i—S. melonii Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46j—S. nemoralis Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♀ holotype; 46k—S. pacei Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46l—S. pentaphyllica Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46m—S. raphaelis Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype; 46n—S. rosae Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n. ♂ holotype.

FIGURES 42–42e. Solariola raphaelis Bellò, Baviera & Osella, sp.n. holotype ♂ from “Messina, Monte Antennammare”: 42—habitus dorsal view (scale bar: 1 mm); 42a—habitus, lateral view; 42b—rostrum, lateral view; 42c—base of the elytra; 42d—elytral declivity; 42e—details rostrum, pronotum, funicle and club.

FIGURES 47–89. Dorsal view aedeagus: 47—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 48—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 49—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 50—S. benellii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 51—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 52—S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 53—S. hyblensis sp. n, ♂ unknown; 54—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 55—S. mariaeclarae sp.n., paratype; 56—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 57—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 58—S. petriolii sp.n., paratype; 59—S. sabellai sp.n., ♂ unknown; 60—S. saccoi sp.n., holotype; 61—S. selinusia sp.n., holotype; 62—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), paratype; 63—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 64—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 65—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n., paratype; 66—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 67—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 68—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 69—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 70—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 71—S. poggii sp.n., paratype; 72—S. sbordonii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 73—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 74—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 75—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 76—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 77—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923; 78—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923; 79—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 80—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 81—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 82—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 83—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 84—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 85—S. nemoralis sp.n., paratype; 86—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 87—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 88—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 89—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.

FIGURES 267–270. FIGURE 267. “Reggio Calabria, Aspromonte, Cinquefrondi, 550m” type locality of S. pentaphyllica Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n.—Photo by C. Baviera. FIGURE 268. “Messina, Peloritani, Monte Antennammare, 1133m” type locality of S. raphaelis Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n.—Photo by C. Baviera. FIGURE 269. “Messina, Peloritani, San Pier Niceto, Li Pantani, 700m” type locality of S. rosae Bellò, Osella & Baviera sp.n.—Photo by C. Baviera. FIGURE 270. Cosimo Baviera with some of Winkler extractors and Berlese funnels at Messina University.

FIGURES 90–132. IX Sternite: 90—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 91—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 92—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 93—S. benellii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 94—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 95—S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 96—S. hyblensis sp.n., ♂ unknown; 97—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 98—S. mariaeclarae sp.n.,# paratype; 99—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 100—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 101—S. petriolii sp.n., paratype; 102—S. sabellai sp.n., ♂ unknown; 103—S. saccoi sp.n., ♂ holotype; 104—S. selinusia sp.n., ♂ holotype; 105—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), paratype; 106—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 107—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 108—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n. paratype; 109—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 110—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 111—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 112—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 113—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 114—S. poggii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 115—S. sbordonii sp.n., ♂ unknown; 116—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 117—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 118—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 119—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 120—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923; 121—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923, not present; 122—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 123—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 124—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 125—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 126—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 127—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 128—S. nemoralis sp.n., paratype; 129—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 130—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 131—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 132—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.

FIGURES 133–175. Spermatheca: 133—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 134—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 135—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 136—S. benellii sp.n., holotype; 137—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 138— S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 139—S. hyblensis sp.n., holotype; 140—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 141—S. mariaeclarae sp.n., paratype; 142—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 143—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., paratype; 144—S. petriolii sp.n., holotype, not found spermatheca; 145—S. sabellai sp.n., holotype; 146—S. saccoi sp.n., ♀ unknown; 147—S. selinusia sp.n. ♀ unknown; 148—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), sintypus; 149—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 150—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 151—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n., paratype; 152—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 153—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 154—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 155—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 156—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 157—S. poggii sp.n., holotype; 158—S. sbordonii sp.n., holotype; 159—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 160—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 161—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 162—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 163—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 164—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923; 165—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 166—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 167—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 168—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 169—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 170—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 171—S. nemoralis sp.n., holotype; 172—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 173—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 174—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 175—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.

FIGURES 176–218. VIII Sternite: 176—S. doderoi A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 177—S. ruffoi Osella & Di Marco, 1996, paratype; 178—S. angelae Baviera, 2015, paratype; 179—S. benellii sp.n., holotype; 180—S. bucolorum sp.n., paratype; 181— S. forbixi sp.n., paratype; 182—S. hyblensis sp.n., holotype; 183—S. ientilei sp.n., paratype; 184—S. mariaeclarae sp.n., paratype; 185—S. mariaesilvanae sp.n., paratype; 186—S. paulimagrinii sp.n., paratype; 187—S. petriolii sp.n., holotype; 188—S. sabellai sp.n., holotype; 189—S. saccoi sp.n., ♀ unknown; 190—S. selinusia sp.n. ♀ unknown; 191—S. gestroi (A. & F. Solari, 1923), sintypus; 192—S. fraterna Baviera, 2015, paratype; 193—S. angelinii sp.n., paratype; 194—S. cajetanibelloi sp.n., paratype; 195—S. calida sp.n., paratype; 196—S. diottii sp.n., paratype; 197—S. fancelloi sp.n., paratype; 198—S. normanna sp.n., paratype; 199—S. obsoleta sp.n., paratype; 200—S. poggii sp.n., holotype; 201—S. sbordonii sp.n., holotype; 202—S. tedeschii sp.n., paratype; 203—S. venusta sp.n., paratype; 204—S. zoiai sp.n., paratype; 205—S. paganettii (Flach, 1905); 206—S. hirtula A. & F. Solari, 1923, paratype; 207—S. vitalei A. & F. Solari, 1923; 208—S. pesarinii Baviera, 2015, paratype; 209—S. comata sp.n., paratype; 210—S. graziaensis sp.n., paratype; 211—S. margaritae sp.n., paratype; 212—S. mariaetheresiae sp.n., paratype; 213—S. melonii sp.n., paratype; 214—S. nemoralis sp.n., holotype; 215—S. pacei sp.n., paratype; 216—S. pentaphyllica sp.n., paratype; 217—S. raphaelis sp.n., paratype; 218—S. rosae sp.n., paratype.