Phyllogomphoides pugnifer Donnelly, 1979
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4688.4.9 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ABBAF176-5312-47DF-A2BC-BEB40F916216 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E959D717-FFE4-FFE6-FF08-0D25FC5FE5EE |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Phyllogomphoides pugnifer Donnelly, 1979 |
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Phyllogomphoides pugnifer Donnelly, 1979 View in CoL
Figs. 1–4 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 .
Material studied: Three exuviae (♂ emerged), 8 F-0 larvae (3♂, 5♀), 22 mixed young stadia. MEXICO: Chiapas State: Municipality of Palenque, Chan Khala Zapote, stream, 298 m, 17°25.158’ N, 91°53.920’ W, 28 March 2012, J.A. Gómez, R. Novelo leg., 4 F-0 (1♂ emerged 23 May 2012), 11 mixed young stadia; Municipality of Salto del Agua, Mizol-há, waterfall and stream, 233 m, 17°23.444’ N, 91°59.919 W, 29 March 2012, J.A. Gómez, R. Novelo leg., 2 F-0 (1♂ emerged on 25 June 2012). Veracruz State: Municipality of Sayula, Almagres, pond, 40 m, 17°48’33” N, 94°55’19” W, no collecting date, J.A. Gómez leg., 2 F-0, 10 mixed young stadia; same data but km 3 road Sayula-Almagres, stream under bridge, 56 m, 17°51’08” N, 94°57’10” W, 12 June 2003, R. Novelo, J.A. Gómez leg., 3 F-0 (1♂ emerged on 10 August 2003), 1 F-2?
Description. Final stadium larva: Large size (TL 28−30), body robust and oblong, tapering caudad, abundantly covered with minute spinules, and of yellow-brown coloration ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ).
Head. Wider than long ( Fig. 2a View FIGURE 2 ), narrower than thorax and abdomen. Labrum light yellowish-brown ( Figs. 2a,b View FIGURE 2 ) mostly glabrous with minute, sparse scale-like setae, 0.5 mm long, anterior border densely setose, flattened ventrally, a transversal row of short, reddish-brown, robust setae more or less at middle ( Fig. 2c View FIGURE 2 ). Anteclypeus bare ( Fig. 2b View FIGURE 2 ), yellow, postclypeus, frons, vertex and occiput densely and minutely scaly ( Fig. 2b View FIGURE 2 ); anterior margin of frons slightly concave at middle ( Fig. 2b View FIGURE 2 ), anterolateral portions setose, setae long, delicate, whitish. Antennae minutely scaly ( Fig. 2b View FIGURE 2 ), setae tridentate, scape globose, pedicel subglobose, 3rd antennomere largest, four times longer than its widest part, subcylindrical, moderately flattened ventrally, strongly setose at sides, 4th antennomere small ( Figs. 2b,c View FIGURE 2 ), finger-like, up-turned over the apex of the 3rd antennomere, with some long setae, 0.16 the length of 3rd antennomere. Vertex with three large ocelli ( Fig. 2a View FIGURE 2 ). Compound eyes large ( Fig. 2a View FIGURE 2 ), convex on external margin. Occiput with five large smooth areas, occipital lobes rounded, bulging ( Fig. 2a View FIGURE 2 ). Mandibles ( Figs. 3 View FIGURE 3 a–c) with formula: L 1234 0 a(m 1,2,3,4,5)b/R 1234 y a(m 1,2)b, with a=b in right mandible, and a>b in left mandible. Galeolacinia ( Fig. 2c View FIGURE 2 ) of maxilla with seven moderately incurved teeth: three dorsal teeth approximately same length and robustness; four ventral teeth of different sizes, apical tooth largest. Ventral pad of hypopharynx subrectangular ( Fig. 2c View FIGURE 2 ), yellowish-brown, its surface uneven, mostly bare, a row of long stiff setae on anterior margin. Labium: Prementumpostmentum articulation reaching anterior margin of mesosternum. Prementum yellow ( Fig. 3d View FIGURE 3 ), mostly glabrous, subrectangular, longer than its widest part (1:0.73), sides slightly wavy, smooth and moderatetly divergent, ventrobasal margin widely emarginated, lacking midventral sulcus; ligula ( Fig. 3e View FIGURE 3 ) poorly developed (W/L proportion 1:0.18), one third as wide as the anterior part of prementum, apical margin convex, very slightly concave at middle, a single row of piliform setae. Labial palp stout ( Figs. 3 View FIGURE 3 d–e), apical lobe strongly incurved ending in a large, stout, bluntly pointed, conical tooth, internal margin with 10 small truncated teeth which increase in size distally; movable hook shorter than palp, obtusely pointed and incurved.
Thorax. Prothorax ( Figs. 1a View FIGURE 1 , 2a View FIGURE 2 ) narrower than head; pronotum densely and minutely spinulose, except on large, dorsolateral, bare, irregular areas; anterior margin straight, posterior margin widely convex, lateral margins rounded; ventral margin of propleura straight, strongly setose, setae reddish-yellow, long, delicate and curled-up. Pterothorax ( Fig. 2a View FIGURE 2 ) densely setose on ventrolateral margins, minutely spinulose on pleura. Legs concolorous, yellow ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 , 2a View FIGURE 2 ), very short (e.g. when fully extended, hind legs hardly reach anterior margin of S7), strongly setose, with long white setae; burrowing hooks moderately developed ( Fig. 2a View FIGURE 2 ); midcoxae ( Fig. 1b View FIGURE 1 ) slightly closer each other than fore- and hindcoxae; claws simple, setose on ventral surface, longer and sharp on hindtarsi, with pulvilliform empodium. Wing sheaths ( Fig. 1a View FIGURE 1 ) reddish-yellow, moderately divergent, external surface and dorsal borders minutely spinulose, setose on ventral borders; anterior and posterior wing sheaths reaching anterior margin and basal half of S4, respectively. Prosternum and metasternum glabrous, mesosternum setose at middle.
Abdomen. Fusiform ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ), tapering caudad, maximum width on S5, coloration with a complex pattern of dark and pale spots as in Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ; ventral surface more or less flat, dorsal surface convex, with spine-like middorsal protuberances on S2−9 ( Figs. 1a View FIGURE 1 , 4c View FIGURE 4 ), minute on S2, increasing in size and robustness caudad, bluntly pointed on S3−6, sharply pointed on S7−9, more or less keeled on distal half of S8−9, that on S8 reaching basal half of S9, that on S9 reaching basal 0.65 of S10, all of them beset with abundant, short spiniform setae; lateral margins of S7−9 ending in a large lateral spine ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 , 4b View FIGURE 4 ) increasing in size and robustness caudad, slightly upturned ( Fig. 4a View FIGURE 4 ). Tergita 2−10 densely and minutely spinulose, posterior margins of S2−6 with a row of long, stiff setae which dimin- ish in abundance caudad, posterior margins of S5−10 with a row of small spiniform setae; lateral margins of S2−10 densely setose. Sterna minutely setose, sterna 1−3 creamy pale, sterna 4−9 yellowish-brown, sternum 10 reddishbrown; sterna 4−7 and 9 divided into three sternites, sterna 3 and 8 divided into five sternites ( Fig. 4b View FIGURE 4 ); sternum 10 length/width proportion 1:0.8 (length measured along midline, width along basal margin). Female gonapophyses rudimentary ( Fig. 4d View FIGURE 4 ) conical, bluntly-tipped, tips widely divergent. Caudal appendages ( Figs. 4 View FIGURE 4 a–c) pyramidal, sharply pointed, covered with long setae, 0.65 as long as ventral length of S10; epiproct and paraprocts same length, cerci 0.90 the length of epiproct.
Measurements [exuviae in brackets]: TL 28.2−30.3 [27.3−30]; AL (ventral) 18.6−20.5 [18.2−20.2]; MWh 5.0−5.5 [5.2−5.4]; HfL (lateral) 4.0−4.4 [4.3−4.4]. Epiproct 1.3−1.4 (males) [1.2−1.4], 1.4−1.6 (females); lateral spines on S7 0.3−0.5 [0.5−0.6], on S8 0.6−0.7 [0.7−0.8], on S9 0.6−0.7 [0.6−0.8].
Diagnosis. Larvae of Phyllogomphoides are remarkably similar making very difficult the species separation. Nevertheless, the larva of P. pugnifer can be separated from other species of the genus by the following combination of proportions (similar proportions of other species in parentheses): Prementum Length/maximum Width 1:0.73 ( P. joaquini 1:0.78); ligula L/W 0.18:1.0 (same in P. albrighti , P. bifasciatus , P. duodentatus , and P. pacificus ); L/W S10 1:0.90 (same in P. bifasciatus , P. luisi , P. suasus , and P. litoralis ); length Epiproct/Cerci 1:0.92 ( P. luisi ).
Habitat. Phyllogomphoides pugnifer inhabits relatively small streams in tropical rain forest. Most of the larvae were found in mud and sand banks with coarse decayed leaves, along the shadowed shoreline of streams. Others were found along the shoreline of a muddy bottomed pond in open country.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.