Entada goetzei (Harms) S.A. O'Donnell & G.P. Lewis, 2022

O'Donnell, Shawn A., Ringelberg, Jens J. & Lewis, Gwilym P., 2022, Re-circumscription of the mimosoid genus Entada including new combinations for all species of the phylogenetically nested Elephantorrhiza (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade), PhytoKeys 205, pp. 99-145 : 99

Entada goetzei (Harms) S.A. O'Donnell & G.P. Lewis comb. nov.

≡ Elephantorrhiza goetzei (Harms) Harms, Veg. Erde [Engler] 9(3, 1): 400, in obs. 1915.

Type.

TANZANIA. Rufiji District , W. Goetze 82 (holotype: B†; drawing: BM [BM000842177]; isotype: K) .

Basionym.

Piptadenia goetzei Harms, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 397. 1900.

Description.

Shrub to small deciduous tree 1-4(-7) m tall, young shoots often becoming blackish (Fig. 15A ). Leaves: petiole 1-5(-7.5) cm; rachis 6-20(-45.5) cm, grooved above; pinnae 3-30(-41) pairs per leaf, 1.8-9 cm long, with 9-40(-48) pairs of leaflets; leaflets 3.5-12(-22) × 0.7-0.8(-2.75) mm, linear-oblong to narrowly oblong, apex acute to rounded and mucronate, base oblique, mid-rib running from distal corner of leaflet base to apex centre, lamina glabrous (Fig. 15B ). Inflorescence: a spiciform raceme, (2-)5-20(-23) cm long, axillary, solitary or aggregated in fascicles or on short lateral shoots, rachis glabrous (Figs 2H , 15C ). Flowers: yellowish-white, sometimes tinged pink or purple, pedicels 1 mm, articulated near the middle, with minute pale yellowish-white glands at the base of the pedicels; calyx 1.5-1.75 mm long, distinctly toothed, glabrous; petals 2.5-3 mm long; stamen filaments 4.5 mm long (Fig. 15C ). Fruit: a straight to curved craspedium, (15-)20-30(-44) × 1.3-2.2(-3) cm, lacking transverse septa between seeds, thus leaving the valves to separate from the replum intact upon ripening, the epicarp exfoliating from the endocarp; umbonate over seeds (Fig. 15D ). Seeds: ellipsoid to lenticular, 11-20 × 9-18 × 7-12 mm.

Figures

Figure 2. Genus-wide variation in morphological characters. A-D habit A large woody liana, E. rheedei (photo: B Wursten, Hyde et al. (2021)) B small tree, E. abyssinica (photo: G Baumann, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) C shrub, E. burkei (photo: M Schmidt, Dressler et al. (2014 a, b )) D geoxylic suffrutex, E. dolichorrhachis (photo: M Bingham, Bingham et al. (2021)) E, F leaves E bipinnate leaf with few pinnae, few large leaflets and ending in a bifurcating tendril, E. rheedei (photo: AP Balan, Balan and Predeep (2021)) F bipinnate leaf with many pinnae, many small leaflets and no tendril, E. rangei (photo: A Dreyer, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) G-I inflorescences G terminal panicle of up-turned spikes, E. polyphylla (photo: R Vasquez Martinez, CC BY-NC-SA 3.0, MBG (2021)) H axillary fascicles of spiciform racemes, E. goetzei (photo: G Baumann, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) I short spiciform raceme of dark red flowers, E. wahlbergii (photo: R Mangelsdorff, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) J-M fruits J immature, weakly falcate, segmented craspedium up to 2 m long, E. rheedei (photo: photographer unknown, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), 2000) K immature, segmented, laxly spiralled craspedium up to 120 cm long, E. gigas (photo: R Aguilar CC BY-NC-SA 2.0, Aguilar (2021)) L ripe segmented craspedia breaking up into one-seeded segments with exfoliating epicarp, E. africana (photo: B Eichhorn, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) M ripe unsegmented craspedium, the entire valve breaking away from the persistent replum, E. burkei (photo: M Kriek CC BY-SA 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 85675968) N, O seeds N one-seeded endocarp segment and small ovoid, flattened seed with elliptic pleurogram, E. africana (photo: B Eichhorn, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) O ripe one-seeded fruit segments with large circular, laterally compressed seeds lacking a pleurogram, E. gigas (photo: J Stevens, Dressler et al. (2014 a)). Scale bars: 1 cm (N, O).

Figure 15. Entada goetzei habit, vegetative and reproductive structures. A shrub with mature fruits, Malawi (photo: G Baumann, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) B leaf with linear-oblong leaflets, Malawi (photo: C Chisale, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) C fascicles of spiciform racemes bearing open, pedicellate flowers and closed flower buds on leafless stem, Malawi (photo: C Chisale, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) D mature fruits, Malawi (photo: C Chisale, Dressler et al. (2014 a)).