Phacopteronidae Heslop-Harrison, 1958 (1906)

Malenovský, Igor & Burckhardt, Daniel, 2009, A review of the Afrotropical jumping plant-lice of the Phacopteronidae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), Zootaxa 2086 (1), pp. 1-74 : 7

Phacopteronidae Heslop-Harrison, 1958 (1906)

Phacoseminae Kieffer, 1906: 387.

Phacosemini, Enderlein 1910: 138.

Phacopteronini Heslop-Harrison, 1958: 578 (replacement name for Phacoseminae Kieffer, 1906).

Phacopterinae, Becker-Migdisova 1973: 103.

Phacopterini, Becker-Migdisova 1973: 103.

Pseudophacopterini Becker-Migdisova, 1973: 103.

Phacopteronidae, White & Hodkinson 1985: 272 .

Adult Phacopteronidae are easily recognizable from all other psylloids by their unique fore wing venation: veins Rs and M 1+2 are touching, the costal break is proximal to the apex of the vein R 1 and a pterostigma is absent ( Brown & Hodkinson 1988; Hollis 2004; Figs. 29–57 , 59– 64 , 67–82 in this paper). Within the Afrotropical region, the fore wing venation of the Phacopteronidae superficially resembles that of the Ciriacremini (Psyllidae) , where veins Rs and M 1+2 are similarly in contact but where the costal break is adjacent to the apex of the vein R 1 and a well-developed pterostigma is present. The Afrotropical Ciriacremini were revised by Hollis (1976) and Aléné et al. (2007). The fore wing venation is also distantly reminiscent of the Carsidaridae , where a false cross vein connecting Rs and M 1+2 is present, but which lacks the costal break and differs in the structure of head and male terminalia ( Hollis 1987).

The fifth instar larvae of Afrotropical Phacopteronidae vary in several characters, such as body shape, chaetotaxy, antennal segmentation or shape and structure of the circumanal pore ring. They share a characteristic tarsal arolium that has a broad pad and indistinct petiole. In most species, lanceolate setae are present in varying numbers and forms; sectasetae or capitate setae are always absent ( Figs. 247–262 ).

Figures

FIGURES 29–38. Pseudophacopteron spp., fore wings. 29, P. zimmermanni; 30, P. aulmanni; 31, P. fuscivenosum; 32, P.khayae; 33, P. electum; 34, P. pretoriense; 35, P. carapae; 36, P.morion; 37, P. sodalis; 38, P. benguelense.

FIGURES 39–48. Pseudophacopteron spp., fore wings. 39, P. lecaniodisci; 40, P. lautereri; 41, P. marmoratum; 42, P. verrucifrons; 43, P. arcuatum; 44–45, P.eastopi; 46, P. pusillum; 47, P. nigritulum; 48, P. wagneri.

FIGURES 49–58. Pseudophacopteron spp. 49–55, fore wings; 56–57, habitus, lateral view; 58, head, frontal view. 49, P. stigmatum, male; 50, P.stigmatum, female; 51, P.kala; 52, P. nothospondiadis; 53, P. geminum; 54, 56, P. hankae; 55, P. bicolor; 57–58, P. magnum.

FIGURES 59–66. Pseudophacopteron spp. 59–63, fore wings (arrow: costal break); 64, habitus, lateral view; 65–66, head, dorsal view (arrow: lateral tubercle on vertex). 59, 65, P. caffrariense; 60, 66, P. hollisi; 61, P. cuniculus; 62, 64, P. serrifer; 63, P.tamessei.

FIGURES 67–76. Pseudophacopteron spp., fore wings, distribution of surface spinules (delimited by dashed lines). 67, P. zimmermanni; 68, P. aulmanni; 69, P.khayae; 70, P. pretoriense; 71, P. lautereri, 72, P. marmoratum; 73, P. arcuatum; 74, P. verrucifrons; 75, P. nigritulum; 76, P. wagneri.

FIGURES 77–82. Pseudophacopteron spp., fore wings, distribution of surface spinules (delimited by dashed lines). 77, P.bicolor; 78, P. hankae; 79, P. stigmatum, female; 80, P. caffrariense; 81, P. hollisi; 82, P.tamessei.

FIGURES 247–250. Pseudophacopteron spp., fifth instar larvae: left dorsal and right ventral surfaces, with details of antenna, tarsus, chaetotaxy, and circumanal pore ring. 247, P. zimmermanni; 248, P. aulmanni; 249, P. khayae; 250, P. benguelense.

FIGURES 251–254. Pseudophacopteron spp., fifth instar larvae: left dorsal and right ventral surfaces, with details of antenna, tarsus, chaetotaxy, and circumanal pore ring. 251, P. pretoriense; 252, P. carapae; 253, P. sodalis; 254, P. electum (254 reproduced from Malenovský et al. 2007 with permission of Taylor and Francis, London).

FIGURES 255–258. Pseudophacopteron spp., fifth instar larvae: left dorsal and right ventral surfaces, with details of antenna, tarsus, chaetotaxy, and circumanal pore ring. 255, P.morion; 256, P. nothospondiadis; 257, P. pusillum; 258, P. nigritulum (255–257 reproduced from Malenovský et al. 2007 with permission of Taylor and Francis, London).

FIGURES 259–262. Pseudophacopteron spp., fifth instar larvae: left dorsal and right ventral surfaces, with details of antenna, tarsus, chaetotaxy, and circumanal pore ring. 259, P. marmoratum; 260, P. stigmatum (a, specimen from Ivory Coast; b, specimen from South Africa); 261, P. lecaniodisci; 262, P. cuniculus (261–262 reproduced from Malenovský et al. 2007 with permission of Taylor and Francis, London).