Phaedrotoma Foerster, 1862

Li, Xi-Ying, Achterberg, Cornelis van & Tan, Ji-Cai, 2013, Revision of the subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Hunan (China), including thirty-six new species and two new genera, ZooKeys 268, pp. 1-186 : 70-72

Genus Phaedrotoma Foerster, 1862 Figs 196-313

Phaedrotoma Foerster, 1862: 260. Type species (by original designation): Phaedrotoma depeculator Foerster, 1862 [examined].

Nosopoea Foerster, 1862: 260. Type species (by original designation): Opius cingulatus Wesmael, 1835 [examined]. Syn. n.

Eutrichopsis Foerster, 1862: 260. Type species (by original designation): Eutrichopsis munda Foerster, 1862 [examined]. Syn. n.

Tolbia Cameron, 1907: 85. Type species (by monotypy): Tolbia scaevolae Cameron, 1907. Syn. n.

Brachycentrus Szépligeti, 1907: 37 (nec Taschenberg, 1865). Type species (by monotypy): Brachycentrus minutus Szépligeti, 1907 [examined]. Syn. n.

Baeocentrum Schulz, 1911: 65 (new name for Brachycentrus ). Type species (by implication): Brachycentrus minutus Szépligeti, 1907 [examined]. Syn. n.

Hexaulax Cameron, 1910: 12. Type species (by monotypy): Hexaulax ruficeps Cameron, 1910. Syn. n.

Atoreuteus ; Szépligeti, 1908: 55 (not Foerster 1862).

Coeloreuteus Roman, 1910: 112. Type species (by original designation): Atoreuteus africanus Szépligeti, 1908 [examined]. Syn. n.

Neodiospilus Szépligeti, 1911: 415; Shenefelt 1970: 216; Wharton 1987: 63 (synonymized with Opius ). Type species (designated by Brues 1926): Neodiospilus flavipes Szépligeti, 1911 [examined; not Opius flavipes Szépligeti, 1898; = Opius sepi-valfus Wharton, 1987 (superfluous new name, because Opius flavipes Szépligeti, 1898, belongs to the genus Opius Wesmael s.s.); = Aulonotus kanywareensis Fischer, 2000 [examined]. Syn. n.]

Neopius Fischer, 1965: 187. Type species (by original designation): Neopius macrops Fischer, 1965 [examined; not Neopius Gahan, 1917]. Syn. n.

Euopius Fischer, 1967b: 959. Type species (by original designation): Neopius macrops Fischer, 1965 [examined]. Syn. n.

Gastrosema Fischer, 1972a: 353. Type species (by original designation): Opius pumilio Wesmael, 1835 [examined]. Syn. n.

Gerius Fischer, 1972a: 389. Type species (by original designation): Opius fossulatus Szépligeti, 1914. Syn. n.

Grimnirus Fischer, 1972b: 70. Type species (by original designation): Opius fuscicarpus Szépligeti, 1913. Syn. n.

Hoenirus Fischer, 1972b: 69. Type species (by original designation): Opius punctulatus Szépligeti, 1914 [examined; vein 3-CU1 of fore wing subhorizontal and vein CU1b largely reduced]. Syn. n.

Mimirus Fischer, 1972b: 70 Type species (by original designation): Opius peregrinus Szépligeti, 1914. [examined; clypeus with small medio-ventral tooth]. Syn. n.

Merotrachys Fischer, 1972a: 406. Type species (by original designation): Opius laetatorius Fischer, 1958 [examined;. Syn. n.

Phlebosema Fischer, 1972a: 350. Type species (by original designation): Opius discreparius Fischer, 1963. Syn. n.

Neoephedrus Samanta, Tamili, Saha & Raychaudhuri,1983: 93. Type species (by original designation): Neoephedrus helichrysi Samanta, Tamili, Saha & Raychaudhuri,1983 [examined]. Syn. n.

Adontopius Fischer, 1984b: 93. Type species (by original designation): Opius adentatus Fischer, 1980. Syn. n.

Serius Tobias & Jakimavičius, 1986: 23. Miswriting for Gerius Fischer, 1972.

Kainopaeopius Fischer, 1986: 609. Type species (by original designation): Opius crassicrus Thomson, 1895 [examined]. Syn. n.

Millenniopius Fischer, 1996: 675. Type species (by original designation): Opius inflatipectus Fischer, 1996 [examined]. Syn. n.

Neotropopius Fischer, 1999: 282. Type species (by original designation): Opius hirtithorax Fischer, 1963. Syn. n.

Diagnosis.

Face without tubercles; in front of anterior ocellus without distinct depression; frons without pair of distinct depressions above antennal sockets, but whole frons may be depressed; occipital carina present laterally, not or slightly curved ventrally and remain removed from hypostomal carina (Figs 243, 253), near level of middle of eye straight or nearly so, without transverse carina or crest; clypeus more or less convex and comparatively high; hypoclypeal depression variable; labrum normal, without emargination ventrally; mandible normal, gradually widened basally, at most with protruding carina; scapus, fore coxa and trochanter at most weakly compressed; epistomal suture without large depressions; medio-posterior depression of mesoscutum variable; pron ope round or wide elliptical, or pronotum only with a shallow transverse groove; scutellar sulcus usually rather wide; propodeum usually smooth or superficially sculptured; postpectal carina completely absent; vein 2-SR of fore wing present, rarely absent; first subdiscal cell of fore wing at least partly closed by vein 3-CU1 postero-apically (Fig. 197); vein 1-M of fore wing usually straight; vein cu-a of hind wing nearly always present; vein 3-SR of fore wing distinctly longer than vein 2-SR; if subequal then vein m-cu of hind wing or precoxal sulcus (almost) absent; length of fore wing usually less than 3.5 mm; second and basal half of third tergite without sharp lateral crease, if sometimes weakly developed then second tergite smooth; length of second and third tergites combined less than 0.7 times length of metasoma behind first tergite; fourth and following tergites (at least partly) exposed; ovipositor sheath more or less setose basally.

Biology.

Parasitoids of mining Agromyzidae , Tephritidae , Ephydridae , Anthomyiidae , Scathophagidae , and Drosophilidae .

Distribution.

Cosmopolitan.

Notes.

"Taxonomic dustbin" genus of the Opiinae ; if there are no obvious aut-apomorphies (except for the lack of a dorsope) species are included in this genus. The species share a straight occipital carina ventrally, the symmetrical and basally gradually widened mandibles, the lack of a dorsope, the gradually widened or parallel-sided first tergite and the vein m-cu of the fore wing angled with neighbouring veins. It is most likely that this is not a monophyletic assemblage and is in need of future study.