Malanea forsteronioides Muell .Arg. ( Mueller 1875: 453, 458)

Roxo, Rafaela Sales Pereira & Barbosa, Maria Regina de Vasconcellos, 2023, The genus Malanea Aubl. (Rubiaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Plant Ecology and Evolution 156 (3), pp. 257-275 : 257

Malanea forsteronioides Muell.Arg. ( Mueller 1875: 453, 458)

Fig. 2C-F

Malanea forsteronioides var. pilosa Standl. ( Standley 1931: 365) - Type: BRAZIL - Paraná • Paraty, "ad rivulam scandens"; 30 Dec. 1911; Dusen 13769; holotype: S [S16-54156].

Type.

BRAZIL - São Paulo • s.l.; s.d.; Burchell 3770; lectotype (designated here): BR [BR0000005314782]; isolectotypes: G frag. [G00237736], K [K000432743] .

Description.

Scandent shrub 2-3 m tall; branchlets greyish brown, glabrous to hirsute when young. Stipules triangular-lanceolate, 4-8 × 1.5-2 mm, acute to acuminate, tomentose outside, trichomes long, stiff. Leaves with petioles 5-8 mm long, densely hirsute-hispid; blades oblong-lanceolate, narrow lanceolate to narrow elliptic, 4.5-7 × 2.2-3 cm, obtuse at base, acuminate at apex, margin flat, chartaceous, discolour, glabrous or with hirsute trichomes on primary vein above, tomentose below; secondary veins 4-6 on each side of the midrib, impressed above, prominent below, tertiary veins inconspicuous. Inflorescence spiciform, 2.5-3 cm long, 1 per axil, glomerules 4-5(-7) with 3-4 flowers each, peduncle 0.5-1 mm long, hirsute; bracts lanceolate, ca 2 mm long, externally hairy, ciliated; bracteoles narrowly triangular, 0.2-0.27(-4) mm long, sericeous. Flower buds sericeous. Calyx lobed, lobes unequal, the two larger 2-3 mm long, the two smaller 1-2.5 mm, externally hirsute. Corolla white, tube 2.6-3.5 mm long, externally glabrescent, internally lanate; lobes rounded to acute, 2.1-3.1 mm long, externally tomentose, internally puberulent or lanate close to the mouth. Stamens with filaments 1.8-2 mm long; anthers 1-1.2 mm long. Style 2-2.3 mm long. Fruits fusiform, 8.6-9.5 × 3.8-5.2 mm long, reddish to purple, glabrous; persistent calyx lobes hirsute.

Distribution.

Endemic to Brazil, it occurs from Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina, along the eastern coast of Brazil (Fig. 1A ).

Habitat and ecology.

Known only from submontane moist forests in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Phenology.

Flowers from October to December; fruits in January, April, and from July to September.

Etymology.

The epithet forsteronioides refers to the similarity of this species with species of Forsteronia G.Mey. ( Apocynaceae ).

Preliminary IUCN conservation assessment.

Near Threatened (NT). The extent of occurrence (EOO) was calculated as 135,845 km² qualifying the species as Least Concern (LC). The area of occupancy (AOO) was evaluated as 68 km², falling into the Endangered (EN) category ( Bachman et al. 2011; IUCN 2012, 2022). Malanea forsteronioides occurs mainly on the coast of the Southeast portion of the Atlantic Forest. Although this area had an increase in tourism and an expansion of private houses for occasional use ( Sabino 2012), with impacts on the surrounding biodiversity, the species occupies more than ten locations. For this reason, we consider it as Near Threatened (NT).

Notes.

Müller (1875: 453) described Malanea forsteronioides and cited the gathering Burchell 3770. Three specimens of this gathering were found in BR, G, K. The lectotype here designated is the specimen in BR, with barcode BR0000005314782, because it has an annotation handwritten by Müller, as well as leaves, buds, and flowers in good condition, which allows a precise application of the name.

Comment.

Barbosa (2007) indicated heterostyly in Malanea forsteronioides , which was corroborated here. However, we emphasize that long-styled individuals are more abundant than short-styled individuals in the specimens analysed. However, the size of the corolla, androecium, and style do not show great variation between the two flower forms. Only the size of the bracteoles and calyx lobes vary, being slightly larger in long-styled individuals.

Material examined.

BRAZIL - Paraná • Antiga estrada para Superaqui-Guaraqueçaba; 23 Mar. 1989; fr.; Caetano Filho s.n.; RB • Jacarezinho, Jacarehy; 2 Sep. 1914; fb., fl.; Standley s.n; NY • Paranaguá, Caiobá, Morro do Bio; 25°31 ’13” S, 48°30 ’33” W; 100 m; 1 Nov. 1965; fb.;. Hatschbach 13070; NY. - Rio de Janeiro • Arraial do Cabo, Ilha do Farol; 30 Oct. 2013; fb.; Uller s.n.; RB • Paraty, Pico do cairuçú - acesso pela praia negra; 25 Nov. 1990; fl.; Farney 2548; RB • Rio de Janeiro, Serra da Tijuca; Jan. 1932; fb.; Brade 11319; NY. - Santa Catarina • Florianópolis, Ilha de Santa Catarina, Jureré; 23 Feb. 1970; fr.; Klein 8606; NY • Itapoá, Reserva Volta Velha; 26°15'S, 48°65'W; 9 Jan. 1998; fb.; Canha s.n.; NY • Vargem do Macário, Governador Celso Ramos; 18 Nov. 1971; fb.; Klein 9955; NY. - São Paulo • Alto da Serra, Estação Ecológica; 8 Dec. 1919; fb., fl.; Hoehne 3547; SP • Antiga São Paulo - Santos, Alto da Serra; 14 Oct. 1961; fb., fl.; Pereira 5932; RB • Biritiba Mirim, Estação Ecológica de Boracéia; 23°38'S, 45°53'W; 950 m; 14 Nov. 1983; fb.; Custodio-Filho 1839; NY, SP • Parelheiros, Sítio à esquerda na Estrada Eng. Marsilac; 23°53 ’46” S, 46°43 ’40” W; 14 Feb. 1995; fb.; Godoy 373; SP [ SP300813 ] • Pariquera-Açu, Propriedade de Antônio Povinski; 29 Sep. 1995; fb.; Ivanauskas 419; RB • Pariquera-Açu, Rodovia para Cananeia, Fazenda Esteiro do Morro de F. Capobianco; 12 Jan. 1995; fr.; Bernacci 1137; IAC • Peruibe; 23 Oct. 1990; fl.; Furlan 1238; HRCB • Peruíbe, Estação Ecológica da Juréia; Oct. 1990; fb.; Sobral 6868; HRCB • Praia Grande; 26 Oct. 1998; fl.; Loefgren 4146; SP.

Figures

Figure 1. Geographical distribution of the species of Malanea in Atlantic Forest based on georeferenced localities of herbarium specimens. A. M. evenosa (yellow circles) and M. forsteronioides (pink diamonds). B. M. macrophylla (blue circles). C. M. harleyi (turquoise diamonds) and M. martiana (orange circles). D. M. revolutifolia (red diamonds) and M. spicata (green circles).

Figure 2. Species of Malanea from the Atlantic Forest. A - B. M. evenosa (Cardoso 1417). A. Lower surface of leaf with domatia. B. Inflorescence. C - F. M. forsteronioides. C. Lower surface of leaf (Hoehne 3547). D. Stipule (Furlan 1238). E. Inflorescence (Furlan 1238). F. Fruits (Bernacci 1137). G - K. M. harleyi. G. Habit (Carvalho 1364). H. Lower surface of leaf (Thomas 10378). I. Stipule (Mattos-Silva 3929). J. Inflorescence (Thomas 9494). K. Fruits (Thomas 10378). L - P. M. macrophylla. L. Habit (Silva 218). M. Lower surface of leaf (Kollmann 2109). N. Stipule (Bayman 211). O. Flower (Cardoso 1591). P. Fruits (Viana 408).