Hoplocampa fulvicornis ( Panzer, 1801 )

Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko & Vårdal, Hege, 2019, A review of West Palaearctic Hoplocampa species, focussing on Sweden (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), Zootaxa 4615 (1), pp. 1-45 : 19-20

Hoplocampa fulvicornis ( Panzer, 1801)

Tenthredo fulvicornis Panzer, 1801: 82 /13. Syntype (s) ♂, most likely lost (the specimens sent as fulvicornis by Panzer to Fabricius [ZMUC] belong to minuta ). Type locality: Germany.

Tenthredo (Allantus) rutilicornis Klug, 1816: 54–55 . Syntypes ♂ ♀, “verschiedene Gegenden Deutschlands”, lectotype ♀ here designated (GBIF-GISHym2457, images: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4769503), in ZMHUB. Type locality: Germany. Paralectotypes 1♂ (GBIF-GISHym2453, images: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4769506), and 2♂ 2♀ (GBIF-GISHym 2454–2456, 2548), all in ZMHUB. Described with Tenthredo fulvicornis Panzer, 1801 as its (unjustified) synonym.

Hoplocampa minuta forma dudai Gregor, in Gregor & Bata, 1942: 288. Syntype (s) ♀, not examined, in NMPC. Type local- ity: Jindrichuv Hradec ( Czech Republic). New synonym .

Hoplocampa rutilicornis var. pleuris Zirngiebl,1954:152 . Lectotype ♀, designated by Blank(1996:210) (GBIF-GISHym3143, images: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.4769632), in ZSM. Type locality: Naturschutzgebiet Dannstadt ( Germany).

Hoplocampa prunicola Benson, 1968: 201 . Holotype ♀, not examined, in BMNH. Type locality: Izmit ( Turkey). Synonymy by Chevin (1986: 21).

Taxonomy. Hoplocampa fulvicornis ( Panzer, 1801) : Two male specimens in ZMUC, with handwritten labels “ fulvicornis ”, were apparently sent by Panzer to Fabricius. They are both H. minuta (Christ) , and cannot be considered to be types of fulvicornis Panzer , because they disagree with the original description of that species in having black metafemora bases (“Pedes omnes flavi” in fulvicornis ), and a black subgenital plate (“Abdomen [..] ano rufo”). Klug (1816) apparently intended to replace Panzer’s name. On p. 54, under his Tenthredo (Allantus) rutilicornis, Klug mentioned Panzer’s T. fulvicornis , and on p. 61 he used the younger name fulvicornis Fabricius as the valid name for what is now called H. minuta . However, an explicit statement that the name rutilicornis is a replacement name (as in brunnea : see under H. flava ), is missing. Taeger & Blank (1998) re-established Panzer’s name.

Hoplocampa minuta forma dudai: This was listed as a synonym of minuta by Taeger et al. (2010). However, the brief original description states [translated from Czech and Latin] that forma dudai is similar to rutilicornis , with a red clypeus, antenna, and legs (apart from the black metacoxa), but that the pronotum and tegulae are black. This character combination falls within the range of variability of fulvicornis , but disagrees with the darker colour pattern of minuta in that the clypeus and most of the legs are pale.

Additional description. Body length: 3.5–4.0mm. Clypeus broadly and shallowly emarginate. Tegulae and pronotum completely black, to completely pale. Legs completely pale, except more or less coxae. Female: scape and pedicel pale, flagellum pale to dark. Head capsule except for clypeus and labrum black, or extensively pale so that only an ocellar fleck remains. Mesoscutal lobes and mesoscutellum completely black, or partly pale. Mesepisternum completely black, to completely pale. Abdomen entirely black, including valvula 3, to extensively pale, including valvula 3, with only most of terga 1–3 black and medial spots on some following terga. The darkest examined specimens are from Öland, Sweden, and the palest from southern France and Bulgaria. Lancet: Fig. 84 . Male: antenna usually completely pale, but basal flagellomeres sometimes fuscous above. Head apart from pale clypeus and labrum completely black, to extensively pale, with black reduced to more or less postocellar area, edges of frontal area, and occiput. Mesoscutal lobes and mesoscutellum completely black. Abdomen black, except for more or less pale subgenital plate (at least apically pale) and harpes. Penis valve: Fig. 102 .

Total number of specimens examined: 243.

Similar species. Could be confused with minuta , cantoti , or chrysorrhoea : see key for distinguishing characters. The lancets of fulvicornis ( Fig. 84 ) and minuta ( Fig. 85 ) are closely similar, and do not seem to offer characters that will enable reliable identification. The lancet of brevis ( Fig. 81 ) resembles these species in its hooked sawteeth, but brevis has rows of ctenidial teeth on ca. annuli 1–7, whereas only the ventralmost ctenidial tooth is developed in the other two species. The penis valve of fulvicornis ( Fig. 102 ) is most similar to that of minuta ( Fig. 103 ), but in fulvicornis the distal filament is much longer than the maximal height of the valviceps, whereas shorter than the maximum height in minuta . Also, the valviceps is distally tapered in fulvicornis , but not tapered in minuta .

Life history. Host plants: Prunus spinosa is a main larval host, although the association is based on the occurrence of adults, not larvae (e.g. Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer 2000). Reports originating in the old literature, frequently repeated in more recent publications, of Hoplocampa fulvicornis feeding in cultivated Prunus species, may have partly arisen through misinterpretation of the species name, or misidentification of fulvicornis sensu Fabricius (= minuta ) as what we now understand as fulvicornis (Panzer) . On the other hand, Roberti (1948a) convincingly showed that fulvicornis does attack some plum varieties ( P. domestica , P. salicina ), at least in southern Italy. Biology: Roberti (1948a).

Distribution. Southern, Central and Northern Europe, including the British Isles; North to Denmark, Estonia ( Taeger et al. 2006), and Finland ( Paukkunen et al. 2009); Turkey ( Benson 1968). Published information on “ fulvicornis ” as a pest of Prunus salicina in China refers to the two described Monocellicampa species ( Liu et al. 2017).

Occurrence in Sweden: published records: Skåne ( Thomson 1871, Benander 1966), Småland, Öland ( Thomson 1871), Halland ( Andersson 1962), Uppland ( Thomson 1871).

Material examined: Skåne, Halland, Småland, Västergötland, Öland, Uppland.

Specimens examined. Bulgaria: 38♀, 27♂, 31.03–13.04, Burgas, Pazardzhik, and Varna Provinces ( SDEI) . France: mainland; 5♀ (including DEI-GISHym21046), 06.03–06.04 ( SDEI) . France: Corsica; 1♀ ( SDEI) . Ger- many: 51♀ 41♂, 23.03–05.06, Baden-Wuerttemberg; Bavaria; Brandenburg (DEI-GISHym83782); Mecklen- burg-Vorpommern (DEI-GISHym31788, 11358, 11359); Rheinland-Pfalz ( SDEI, ZSM) . Italy: 2♀ 1♂ ( SDEI) . Sweden: Skåne; 1♀, Ven , + 55.90919°N + 12.69814°E, 07.05.1972, R. Danielsson ( MZLU) . Småland ; 2♀ ( NHRS- HEVA000006546–6547 ), leg. Boheman ( NHRS) . Öland; 1♀ 1♂, Mörbylånga kommun, Gamla Skogsby (Kalk- stad), “diversitetsängen”, + 56.61669°N + 16.50759°E, 30.03– 01.05.2004, leg. SMTP ( NHRS) ; 11♀ 4♂, same data, but 01.05– 01.06.2004 ( NHRS) ; 8♀ 14♂, same data, but 20.05– 01.06.2005 ( NHRS) ; 6♀ 3♂, same data, but 20.05.– 28.06.2006 ( NHRS) ; 12♀ 4♂, same data, but 25.04– 20.05.2004 ( NHRS) . 2♀, Station Linné , 50 m asl, + 56.61900°N + 16.49900°E, 28– 29.05.2015, leg. Liston ( SDEI) . Västergötland ; 1♂ (NHRS-HEVA000006548), leg. Boheman ( NHRS) . Uppland; 1♂ (NHRS-HEVA000003419), Resarö, Vaxholm , + 59.43006°N + 18.32726°E, leg. Malaise ( NHRS) . 1♀ (NHRS-HEVA000006551) 2♂ (NHRS-HEVA000006549–6550), Stockholm [Holmi- ae], the ♀ leg. Boheman ( NHRS) .

Figures

FIGURES 83–88. Lancets: 83, flava (DEI-GISHym83558). 84, fulvicornis (DEI-GISHym31788). 85, minuta (DEI- GISHym83545). 86, tadshikistanica (DEI-GISHym31786). 87, testudinea (DEI-GISHym31790). 88, plagiata (DEI- GISHym83555).

FIGURES 94–107. Penis valves: 94 alpina (DEIGISHym20575). 95, crataegi (DEI-GISHym31784). 96, ariae (DEI- GISHym83574). 97, chamaemespili (BC-ZSM-HYM11307). 98–99, phantoma (DEI-GISHym83553): dorsal lobe intact, dorsal lobe destroyed during preparation. 100, flava (DEI-GISHym20595). 101, chrysorrhoea (DEI-GISHym83548). 102, fulvicornis (DEI-GISHym83782). 103, minuta (DEI-GISHym31782). 104, tadshikistanica [after Muche (1986), fig. 1]. 105, pectoralis (DEI-GISHym80337). 106, testudinea (DEI-GISHym83547). 107, plagiata (DEI-GISHym83556).

FIGURES 77–82. Lancets: 77, alpina (DEI-GISHym83575), spurette arrowed. 78, ariae (DEI-GISHym83551). 79, crataegi (DEIGISHym83583). 80, phantoma (DEI-GISHym83552). 81, brevis (DEI-GISHym83557). 82, chamaemespili (DEI- GISHym11128).