Bradybatus Germar, 1823

Li, Yizhe, Lü, Heyu, Jiang, Chunyan & Zhang, Runzhi, 2024, First record of the genus Bradybatus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Anthonomini) from China with description of a new species, Zootaxa 5468 (3), pp. 557-568 : 559-562

Subgenus Bradybatus Germar, 1823

Type species. Bradybatus creutzeri Germar, 1823 by monotype.

Diagnosis. Body shape nearly cylindrical; elytra with parallel sides, narrowing posteriorly from the middle or posterior third. Other characteristics consistent with the genus Bradybatus .

Bradybatus (Bradybatus) keerqinensis Lü and Zhang sp. n.

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Figs 1–34 , 38–42

Material examined. Holotype. ♂, China: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Keerqin National Natural Reserve , 45°7′5.52″N, 121°42′42.83″E, elev. 188m, 09/VIII/2021, Yizhe Li leg; collected from Acer truncatum Bunge (1833) seed ( IZCAS) . Paratypes. 22♂ and 27♀, same data as holotype ( IZCAS) .

Diagnosis. Color black ( Figs 40–42 ) to reddish-brown ( Figs 38, 39 ; evidently incompletely sclerotized); length 4.70–5.30 mm in male (n = 23), 4.95–5.33 mm in female (n = 27); rostrum longitudinally ribbed at base in both sexes; pronotum 1.21–1.27 (n = 50) times wider than long, distinctly constricted at basal 1/4, with dense round deep punctures and yellowish scales, longitudinal stripe absent; elytra 1.85–2.00 (n = 50) times longer than wide, subparallel, distinctly constricted at basal 4/5, interstria approximately same width, striae deep, densely scaled except at middle, oblique or transverse band absent; mesoscutellum small, oval, densely covered with greyish scales; legs densely covered with greyish scales, profemora, very robust, inner margin concave, with small teeth, mesofemoral and metafemoral teeth reduced to small projections, tibiae without teeth, claws with 2 small basal teeth; pedon uniformly curved C-shaped (in lateral view, n = 8); sides parallel (in dorsal view), with distinctly narrow apex, penis apodeme stout; tegmen complete; manubrium long; Spermatheca C-shaped (n = 7), with a slender, apically rounded cornu; corpus slender; ramus absent.

Description (holotype, except where indicated)

Coloration. Entirely black expect for scape and funicle of antennae, tarsomere of leg, anterior and lateral margins of pronotum and elytra reddish-brown ( Figs 1, 2 ).

Morphology.

Head ( Figs 5, 6 ). Head between eyes slightly narrower than width of rostrum at base; eyes almost evenly rounded, posterolateral angles not protruding from head outline; rostrum stout (l/w 3.6, Rl/Pl 1.0); in dorsal view basal part markedly, apical part slightly slenderized from base to apex; in lateral view slightly curved, slightly broadened at base; in basal part longitudinally ribbed, in apical part wrinkled and punctured; basal to antennal insertion position with dense subrecumbent curved elongate greyish scales, antennal insertion position to apex with scales sparse.

Antennae ( Fig. 7 ). Antennae inserted slightly anterior to middle of rostrum; scape robust, slightly widened in apical third, 1.6 times as long as funicle; funicular segment 1 slightly longer than wide, segment 2 small, funnelshaped, segment 3–6 transverse; club spindle-shaped, almost 2 times as long as wide.

Pronotum ( Fig. 11 ). Pronotum wider than long (Pl/Pw 0.79); widest at base, flank curved, distinctly constricted at basal 1/4, apical part narrowed, in lateral view almost flat on disc; with densely round deep punctures, distance between punctures smaller than puncture diameter, interstices with fine grainy texture; densely covered with subrecumbent elongate curved yellowish scales.

Elytra ( Fig. 12 ). Elytra longer than wide (El/Ew 1.95); nearly parallel on both sides, widest at apical 2/5, distinctly constricted at basal 4/5, in lateral view slightly elevated on disc; interstria approximately same width, with 1–3 rows scales; striae deep, striae 3–5 wrinkled at base, punctures on striae about 1/2 the width of interstria in diameter, barely distributed scales on striae; lateral and posterior margins with densely subrecumbent elongate curved greyish scales, middle with scales sparse, oblique or transverse band absent.

Mesonotum (based on 12 paratypes) ( Fig. 15 ). Central posterior margin of mesonotum relatively flat (not produced); postero-lateral margins slightly convex; mesoscutellum small, oval, densely covered with recumbent elongate greyish scales; axillary cord reduced and broadly rounded; mesoscutum longitudinally elongate, posterior margin continuous and smooth, punctures present on middle and anterior margins.

Metanotum (based on 12 paratypes) ( Fig. 16 ). Anterior margin of scutellar groove broadly concave, concavity more of a cleft; scutellar groove with median longitudinal crest; sclerotized bridge absent; posterior margin of scutellar groove straight; anteromedial margin of allocrista quadrate; metascutum subcircular; postero-medial margin convex; metascutellar line present; postero-lateral margins of metanotum developed and slightly convex.

Metendosternite (based on 12 paratypes) ( Fig. 17 ). Stalk inverted V-shaped; distal sheaths well developed; anterior tendons inserted at dorsal margin of distal sheaths; the length of anterior part of longitudinal flange same as the posterior; furcal arms long, apically clearly bifurcate; hemiductus developed and robust.

Abdomen (based on 12 paratypes) ( Fig. 21 ). Abdominal ventrites densely covered with whitish scales; ventrite 2–4 posterior margin and ventrite 5 lateral and posterior margins with sparse punctures; posterior margin of ventrite 1–4 linear in both sexes, ventrite 5 concave in males, convex in females; ventrite 2 0.6 times as long as ventrite 1, nearly as long as ventrite 5; ventrite 2 and 3 lengths nearly equal; ventrite 5 2.6 times wider than long.

Legs. Legs densely covered with subrecumbent elongate greyish scales; prothoracic legs stronger than mesothoracic and metathoracic legs; profemora, very robust, swollen in median part, inner margin concave, with small teeth, mesofemora and metafemora teeth reduced to small projections; tibiae slightly widened in median part, without teeth; tarsomere 1 almost 2 times longer than wide, tarsomere 2 1.3 times longer than wide, tarsomere 3 bilobed, onychia of approximately 1.5 times as long as tarsomere 3; claws connate at base, median with 2 small teeth.

Male terminalia and genitalia (based on 8 paratypes) ( Figs 23–31 ). Pedon uniformly curved, C-shaped (in lateral view); sides parallel (in dorsal view), symmetrical at base, with distinctly narrow apex, longer than apodeme; penis apodeme stout; tegmen complete; manubrium long, almost same length of tegmen; paramere long, nearly 1/3 length of tegment; spiculum gastrale long, with curved apex, basal plate subreniform.

Female tergite 8, sternite 8 and spermatheca (based on 7 paratypes) ( Figs 32, 33 ). Tergite 8 with densely rounded concavity; sternite 8 with apodeme more 3 times longer than lamina; lamina trapeziform, apical covered by setae, medially V-shaped concave at apex; spermatheca C-shaped, with slender, apically rounded cornu; corpus slender; ramus absent.

Hind wings (based on 6 paratypes) ( Fig. 34 ). Hind wings fully developed, elongate. Alar venation well developed: subcosta (Sc), radial (R) and radial recurrent (Rr) well defined, radial sclerite (rs) well developed, darkened; radial window (w) well defined; radial 3 (R 3) very weakly defined (as translucent line), almost reaching alar margin; post radial stripe (pst) darkened, well-defined, almost reaching alar margin; posterior part of postradial stripe (ppp) extending along apical region of wing, nearly 1/3 length of pst, almost reaching alar margin; apical hook of medial stripe (h) strongly reduced; cubital (Cu) and branch 1 of Cu (Cu 1) well defined; radial sclerotisation (rsc) and medial sclerotisation (msc) well defined; medial stripe (mst) strongly defined, slightly shorter than pst; apical fold (af) distinct, nearly reaching alar margin; anal vein 2 (2A) well defined, almost reaching margin; anal vein 3 (3A) short, nearly one third length of 2A; anal area with margin broadly rounded; posterior margin of hind wing fringed by short and fine setae separated from each other by distance similar to length of one seta.

Variation.

Male paratypes. Measurements (in mm) (n = 22): body length: 4.70–5.30 (mean = 4.81). Rostrum: length: 1.00–1.10 (mean = 1.09), width: 0.20–0.30 (mean = 0.28). Pronotum: length: 1.00–1.20 (mean = 1.11), width: 1.37–1.50 (mean = 1.39). Elytra: length: 3.60–3.90 (mean = 3.73), width: 1.80–2.10 (mean = 1.88).

Female paratypes. Measurements (in mm) (n = 27): body length: 4.95–5.33 (mean = 4.99). Rostrum: length: 1.00–1.20 (mean = 1.08), width: 0.20–0.25 (mean = 0.25). Pronotum: length: 1.10–1.20 (mean = 1.14), width: 1.40–1.47 (mean = 1.44). Elytra: length: 3.70–4.10 (mean = 3.91), width: 1.90–2.10 (mean = 2.04). Illustrations of a female are provided ( Figs 3, 4 , 8–10, 13, 14 , 18–20, 22 , 32, 33).

Males body slightly smaller than females; the rostrum of males stouter and shorter than females; rostrum wrinkled and punctured at apex in males, while smooth and shiny in females; antennae inserted slightly anterior to middle of rostrum in males, middle of rostrum in females; ventrite 5 concave in males, convex in females; striae 3–5 of elytra wrinkled present or absent in both sexes. Gender cannot be distinguished by color.

Figures

FIGURES 1–4. Bradybatus (Bradybatus) keerqinensis. 1, 2 male holotype, dorsal and lateral views 3, 4 female paratype, dorsal and lateral views. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 5–14. Bradybatus (Bradybatus) keerqinensis. 5, 6, 7, 11, 12 male holotype 8, 9, 10, 13, 14 female paratype 5, 8 head, dorsal view 6, 9 head, lateral view 7, 10 antennae 11, 13 pronotum, dorsal view 12, 14 elytra, dorsal view. Scale bars: 5, 6, 8, 9, 11–14: 1.0 mm; 7, 10: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 15–22. Bradybatus (Bradybatus) keerqinensis. 15, 16, 17, 21 male paratype 18, 19, 20, 22 female paratype 15, 18 mesonotum, dorsal view 16, 19 metanotum, dorsal view 17, 20 metendosternite, posterior view 21, 22 ventrites, ventral view. Scale bars: 21, 22: 1.0 mm; 15–20: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 23–34. Bradybatus (Bradybatus) keerqinensis. 23–31 male paratype 32, 33, 34 female paratype 23, 24 penis, dorsal view 25, 26 penis, lateral view 27 penis, ventral view 28, 29 penis at apex, showing details of the pedon 30 tegmen 31 spiculum gastrale and sternite 9 32 tergite 8 and sternite 8 33 spermatheca 34 hind wing (Cu: cubital; Cu1: branch of Cu; Sc: subcosta; R: radial; Rr: radial recurrent; R3: radial 3; W: radial window; af: apical fold; h: apical hook of medial stripe; msc: medial sclerotisation; mst: medial stripe; ppp: posterior part of postradial stripe; pst: postradial stripe; rf: radial fold; rms: radiomedial sclerotization; rs: radial sclerite rsc: radial sclerotization; 2A: anal vein 2; 3A: anal vein 3). Scale bars: 23–27, 30, 31, 32: 0.5 mm; 33: 0.1 mm; 34: 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 35–42. Biotope, host plant and life history of Bradybatus (Bradybatus) keerqinensis. 35 biotope (Keerqin National Natural Reserve, Inner Mongolian) 36 host plant (A. truncatum) 37 damaged samara 38, 39 body incompletely sclerotized 40 body completely sclerotized 41 looking for hibernaculum 42 ready for hibernaculum.