Coecobrya ellisi Jantarit & Nilsai, 2021
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publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.41.76926 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:73326F5C-C4BE-431D-BE6D-601A69BD7FFA |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C26E01AA-DB0E-4EEB-B4D5-521B4A5247C7 |
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taxon LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:act:C26E01AA-DB0E-4EEB-B4D5-521B4A5247C7 |
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treatment provided by |
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scientific name |
Coecobrya ellisi Jantarit & Nilsai |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Coecobrya ellisi Jantarit & Nilsai sp. nov.
Figures 1C View Figure 1 , 8 View Figure 8 , 9 View Figure 9 , 10 View Figure 10
Type material.
Holotype: male on slide. Thailand, Phetchabun province, Nong Phai district, Tham Tho, altitude 261 m a.m.s.l., 16.1231°N, 101.0222°E. 9.X.2019; S. Jantarit and A. Nilsai leg. (sample # THA_SJ_PNB06), dark zone of a cave, by entomological aspirator. Paratypes: same data as holotype, 12 specimens (1 male, 4 females and 7 subadults on slides). Additional material: same data as holotype, 8 specimens (in ethanol).
Holotype and 12 paratypes on slides deposited in NHM-PSU.
Description.
Habitus (Fig. 1C View Figure 1 ). Medium size Entomobryidae . Body length 1.6-2.1 mm (holotype 1.8 mm). No scales. Eyes absent. Color: whitish in alcohol, with orange pigmentation on head, body, legs and furca. Four antennal segments. Body slender not bent nor humped at the level of Th. II. Th. II slightly larger than Th. III. Abd. IV 3.70-4.25 times as long as Abd. III along dorsal midline.
Pseudopores (Figs 9E View Figure 9 , 10A-C View Figure 10 ). Pseudopores present as round flat disks, smaller than mac sockets, except for the coxae and manubrium where psp are as large as mac sockets, present on various parts of the body: antennae, head, tergites, coxae and manubrium. On antennae, psp located ventro-apically between the tip of antennal segments and the chaetae of the apical row, or just below apical row of chaetae (2 psp on Ant. I, 2-3 psp on Ant. II, and 3 psp on Ant. III). On head, 1-2 psp located externally on each peri-antennal area. On tergites, 1+1 psp close to the axis from Th. II to Abd. IV (Figs 10A-C View Figure 10 ). On coxae, 1-2 psp on coxae I, 2-3 psp on coxae II and 1-2 psp on coxae III, located close to longitudinal rows of chaetae. On manubrium, 2+2 dorso-apical ones (Fig. 9E View Figure 9 ).
Clypeus and mouthparts (Figs 8A-C, E-G View Figure 8 ). Clypeal area with three long, smooth prefrontal; seven middle chaetae (two long smooth chaetae and five ciliated chaetae; 1+1 long lateral chaetae (Fig. 8G View Figure 8 ). Prelabral and labral chaetae 4/5, 5, 4, all thin and smooth; the three median chaetae of the first row longer than two lateral ones, two lateral chaetae 1/2.5 length of others on second row (Fig. 8A View Figure 8 ). Distal border of the apical non-granulated area of the labrum with a relatively narrow median U- or V-form intrusion into the granulated area dorsally; apical edge without spines (Fig. 8A View Figure 8 ). Ventro-distal complex of labrum well differentiated, asymmetrical, with 1+1 distal combs of 13-15 minute on the right side and 14-16 strong and larger teeth on the left side (Fig. 8C View Figure 8 ), and an axial pair of long sinuous tubules. Maxillary outer lobe with one basal chaeta, one apical chaeta (basal chaeta thicker than apical one) (34-44 µm vs. 12-15 µm) and four smooth sublobal hairs (Fig. 8F View Figure 8 ). Labial palp strongly modified for the genus, with 0, 5, 0, 4, 4 guards for papillae A-E. Lateral process of labial palp subcylindrical, as thick as normal chaetae, with tip beyond the apex of the labial papilla (Fig. 8B View Figure 8 ). Mandible apex strong, asymmetrical (left with four teeth, right with five teeth); molar plate with three strong pointed basal teeth, and 3-(5) smaller inner distal teeth, identical in both mandibles (Fig. 8E View Figure 8 ). Maxilla capitulum with a three-toothed claw and several stout ciliated lamellae; lamella 2 large and broad, lamella 3 well developed; several other lamellae present.
Antennae (Fig. 8D View Figure 8 ). Antennae extremely long, approximately 3.5-6.4 times as long as cephalic diagonal. Antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV. 1: 1.85: 1.76: 2.54 (N = 3). However, Ant II and III fused together in most cases. Antennal segments not subdivided nor annulated. Antennal chaetal types not analysed in detail. Smooth spiny mic at base of antennae: 3 dorsal, 3 ventral on Ant. I, 1 internal, 1 external and 1 ventral on Ant. II, 1 smooth ventral on Ant. I, smooth straight long chaetae on antennae present Ant. I ventrally with many smooth spiny mic of various sizes in its basal part, many subcylindrical, hyaline sens in its middle to apical part, and many long smooth straight chaetae. The paddle-like chaetae on Ant II absent. Ant. III organ with five sens not clearly seen in all specimens. Ant. IV without apical bulb. Subapical organite not distinctly knobbed, swollen, slightly enlarged apically, inserted dorsally (Fig. 8D View Figure 8 ).
Dorsal head chaetotaxy (Fig. 9D View Figure 9 ). Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy with three antennal chaetae (An1, An3a, An3, An1 as mes); four anterior mac (A0, A2-3 and A5), three median (M1, M2 and M4) and eight sutural mac (S0, S1-7); Gr. II with 4(5) mac; A0 as mac; 6-8+6-8 scale-like structures (usually 6+6) present below sutural mac, probably inside the integument; a pair of short cephalic trichobothria, external and close to the middle of the head (Fig. 9D View Figure 9 ).
Ventral head chaetotaxy (Figs 9A, B View Figure 9 ). Chaetae of labial basis almost all smooth (m1m2rel1l2) or (mimrel1l2 sensu Zhang and Pan, 2020) (Fig. 9A View Figure 9 ) except m1(mi) ciliated in one side in two specimens (Fig. 9B View Figure 9 ), chaetae m1, e and l1 subequal, r thin and shortest, and l2 longest, m2 longer and thicker than m1. The r/m2 length ratio: 0.15-0.21 (Fig. 9A View Figure 9 ). Postlabial chaetae X2, and X4 smooth and minute chaetae, X, X3 long and smooth and X1 absent (Fig. 9A View Figure 9 ). On each side of the cephalic groove with 8-9 chaetae, of which the anterior five always long and smooth, 6thand 8th long and ciliated, 7thand 9th mics (Fig. 9A View Figure 9 ).
Tergite chaetotaxy (Figs 10A-D View Figure 10 ). Th. II with three (m1, m2, m2i) medio-medial, three (m4, m4p, m4i) medio-sublateral and 28-31 posterior mac; 1+1 ms and 2+2 sens antero-laterally (Fig. 10A View Figure 10 ).
Th. III with 29-36 mac. 2+2 sens laterally (Fig. 10A View Figure 10 ).
Abd. I with seven (a2-3, m2-4, m2i, m4p) mac, 1+1 ms and 1+1 sens laterally (Fig. 10B View Figure 10 ).
Abd. II with two (m3, m3e) central and one (m5) lateral mac, 2+2 tric without modified chaetae, 1+1 sens laterally and 1+1 mic near internal tric (Fig. 10B View Figure 10 ).
Abd. III with two (a2, m3) central, and three (am6, pm6, p6) lateral mac, 3+3 tric without modified chaetae, 1+1 sens laterally,1+1 mic near m3, ms present (Fig. 10B View Figure 10 ).
Abd. IV with eight central mac (I, M, A5-6, A5p, B4-6) and nine (D3, E1-4, F1-3, F3a) lateral mac, 2+2 tric and at least 8 long S-like chaetae, without modified chaetae (Fig. 10C View Figure 10 ).
Abd. V with at least 9 obvious mac mixed with several mes to small mac, and 3+3 sens (Fig. 10D View Figure 10 ). Abd. VI not analysed.
S-chaetae formula from Th. II to Abd. V: 2+ms, 2/1+ms, 2,2+ms, ≈8, 3; as and ps sens on Abd. IV 1/3 as long as S-like chaetae (Figs 10A-D View Figure 10 ).
Legs (Figs 8J, K View Figure 8 ). Leg long; tita of leg III slightly longer than tita of legs I and II. Legs devoid of scales, covered with ordinary ciliated chaetae of various lengths, mic not seen. Trochanteral organ with 17-23 smooth, straight, unequal spine-like chaetae (Fig. 8K View Figure 8 ). The distal whorl of tita III with 9-10 subequal ciliated mes, irregularly arranged, and dorso-apical pointed tenent hair (claw II-III clavate in one specimen). A smooth, thin and long chaeta close to tenent hair absent. Ventro-distal smooth chaeta of tita III thick, erected, pointed, rather short. Claw rather slender and elongated. Unguis of all claw with one inner tooth at 68 % from the base of claw; a pair of unequal basal teeth at about 50-52 % of inner edge from basis, outer tooth present at 40 % from base of the claw (Fig. 8J View Figure 8 ). Unguiculus approximately 2/3 as long as inner edge of the claw, pointed apically, devoid of inner and outer teeth (Fig. 8J View Figure 8 ).
Ventral tube (Figs 8H, I View Figure 8 , 9C View Figure 9 ). Ventral tube about three times longer than wide. Lateral flaps with 7-8+7-8 chaetae (6-7+6-7 smooth chaetae and 0-2+0-2 ciliated chaetae present (Figs 8H-I View Figure 8 , 9C View Figure 9 ). Anterior face with 6-7+6-7 ciliated chaetae, 2(3) of them larger than others (Fig. 8H View Figure 8 ); posteriorly with 4 apical long smooth chaetae, and about 8-9 proximal smooth chaetae mixed with long and mic chaetae arranged roughly asymmetrically (Fig. 9C View Figure 9 ).
Furcal complex (Figs 9E-G View Figure 9 ).Tenaculum with four large teeth of decreasing size from the basal to the distal one of each ramus, on a prominent, irregular body, with a postero-basal strong serrated chaeta bent distally. Mucrodens 1.22-1.31 times longer than manubrium. Furcula without smooth chaetae. Manubrium with a dense cover of ciliated chaetae both dorsally and ventrally. Manubrial plaque with 2+2 psp and five to six ciliate chaetae (Fig. 9E View Figure 9 ). Distal part of manubrium ventrally with 10-12 + 10-12 ciliate chaetae (Fig. 9G View Figure 9 ). Dens without spines, annulated and covered with ciliated chaetae on both sides. Distal smooth part of dens longer than mucro. Mucro strong and falcate, basal spine long, nearly reaching the tip of the mucronal tooth (Fig. 9F View Figure 9 ).
Genital plate. Female genital plate with 2+2 genital mic, male genital plate not clearly seen.
Ecology.
Coecobrya ellisi sp. nov. was found deep in a cave which has many chambers, on the muddy ground floor, on stalagmites and on wet rock walls. Many individuals were found feeding on the patches of bat guano in mesotrophic to eutrophic habitats. The relative humidity of the cave was 86-89% and the temperature was 25.8-27.5 °C. The cave where this species was found is located in an isolated limestone hill and has a narrow, vertical, entrance about 25 m deep which is equipped with iron ladders. The cave is approximately 250 m long and 30 m deep and many of the chambers are dug out and enlarged. Bad air, with a low oxygen level (<18%), was also detected in some chambers, including the one where the new species was found which is at the base of the iron ladders.
Etymology.
This species is named in honor of Martin Ellis, a British speleologist who played a role in the Tham Luang cave rescue in Thailand (in 2018), and for his outstanding contribution to the study of cave fauna in Thailand. Our biological surveys have benefited tremendously from his support, including the discovery of this new species.
Remarks.
Coecobrya ellisi sp. nov. is close to and shares most morphological characters with C. phitsanulokensis sp. nov. from Tham Yai Nakarat, Noen Mapang district, Phitsanulok province. The two caves where these new two species were discovered are only 55 km apart in a straight line. They are similar in chaetotaxy of dorsal head, number of sublobal hairs on maxillary outer lobe, labial chaetotaxy, medio-medial and medio-sublateral mac on Th. II, number of mac on Abd. I, Abd. III, pointed tenent hair, anterior face of ventral tube and number of chaetae on manubrium plaque. However, C. ellisi sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from C. phitsanulokensis sp. nov. by the number of An mac on dorsal head (3 vs. 5), number of central mac on Abd. II (2 vs 3(4), number of central mac on Abd. IV (8 vs. 9), lateral mac on Abd. IV (9 vs. 8), number of inner teeth of claw (3 vs. 2) and number of chaetae on ventro-distal part of manubrium (10-12 vs. 13) (Table 1 View Table 1 ). Moreover, C. ellisi sp. nov. possesses orange dots clearly pigmented on the antennae, head, body, legs and manubrium while all other troglomorphic Coecobrya species so far described in Thailand are devoid of any trace of pigmentation (Fig. 1C View Figure 1 ).
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