Pirenella cingulata ( Gmelin, 1791 )

Zvonareva, Sofya & Kantor, Yuri, 2016, Cheсklist of gastropod molluscs in mangroves of Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, Zootaxa 4162 (3), pp. 401-437 : 414-415

Pirenella cingulata ( Gmelin, 1791)

Figs 5 G–J

Murex cingulatus Gmelin, 1791: 3561 .

Cerithideopsilla cingulata: Poppe 2008a: 286 –287, pl. 88 figs 1, 3.

Cerithidea (Cerithideopsilla) cingulata: Okutani 2000: 132 –133, pl. 66, fig. 4; Reid et al. 2008: 688, fig. 2F. Cerithidea cingulata: Thach 2005: 48 ; Zvonareva et al. 2015: 8, fig. 3(9).

Pirenella incisa: Reid & Ozawa 2016: 41 –48, figs 1, 2L–N, 4A, 14, 15A (full synonymy).

Material examined. Nha Phu Bay, Dam Bay, mangrove plantation and natural mangroves, about over 500 specimens.

Abundance. Common.

Measurements. Up to 35 mm ( Vohra 1970).

Ecological notes. Development with planktonic phase of 10 to 12 days ( Ozawa et al. 2015).

One of the most common and abundant species on estuarine shores, open mud and sand flats, and muddy inland creeks, which are often adjacent to mangroves. Reported to occur at low density in area of sparse mangroves and small plants, while it is not found in the shade of dense canopy. Sediment dweller without an obligate mangrove association. Appears to be an opportunistic and fast-growing species. It tends to avoid clean and well drained sand but occurs in big aggregations on wet areas, especially along runnels, drainage canals, ditches and channels on the beach ( Vohra 1970; Reid & Ozawa 2016). Considered a pest in brackish water milkfish ponds where the lack of competitors and predators results in ecological release and population explosion. Very tolerant to hypoxia and adverse conditions, 1.5 to 50 ‰ salinity tolerance ( Vohra 1970).

Obligate deposit feeder, food source reported to be macroalgae, bacteria and diatoms ( Kamimura & Tsuchiya 2004).

In studied sites it was found on mud and sand banks of mangrove streams in upper and mid-intertidal zones in mangrove plantation and in natural mangroves, sometimes in extremely high densities.

Relation to mangroves. Eurybiotic.

Distribution in Vietnam. From northern-east coast to southern delta ( Thach 2005; Reid & Ozawa 2016). General distribution. India to SE Asia, W Indonesia ( Reid & Ozawa 2016).

Figures

FIGURE 5. A – B. Pirenella incisa (22 mm). C – D. Pirenella incisa (25 mm). E – F. Pirenella microptera (22 mm). G – H. Pirenella cingulata (22 mm). I – J. Pirenella cingulata (16 mm). K – L. Cerithidea moerchii (31 mm). M – N. Cerithidea moerchii (27 mm). O. Cerithidea quoyii (43 mm). P. Cerithidea quoyii (41 mm). Q – R. Cerithidea quoyii (35 mm). S – T. Terebralia sulcata (43 mm).