Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (Sacc.) Bainier, Bull. Soc. Mycol.

Yasanthika, Erandi, Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N., Ren, Guang-Cong, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Tennakoon, Danushka S., Monkai, Jutamart, Gui, Heng, Mortimer, Peter E., Lumyong, Saisamorn & Hyde, Kevin D., 2021, Taxonomic and phylogenetic insights into novel Ascomycota from contaminated soils in Yunnan, China, Phytotaxa 513 (3), pp. 203-225 : 215-217

Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (Sacc.) Bainier, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 23: 99. 1907

Index Fungorum number: IF154310, Facesoffungi number: FoF09619, FIGURE 6 .

Culture characteristics:— Colonies on PDA at 25 °C, reaching 45–55 mm in 7 days. Colonies raised, with entire margin, initially white, becoming buff and powdery to granular at maturity. Reverse is honey-colored to brownish.

Hyphae are septate and hyaline 1–3.8 µm wide. Conidiophores have 1–2 vertical branches bearing groups of 2 to 4 annellophores at the apex. Conidiogenous cells 17.2 × 5.5 µm and have 4.2 µm wide annellate. Conidia globose to ovoid, 7 × 6.2 µm, apex sometimes slightly pointed and finely to coarsely roughened at maturity.

Known hosts and substrates:— Saline soil, arable soil, plantation soils, compost, river sediments, polluted running water, cotton textile paper products, slime of paper mills, uranium mine, granite outcrop, seeds of barely, wheat, soya bean, ground nut, feathers, nests, dung and dead insects ( Bainier 1907, Saccardo 1881, Domsch et al. 1993, Sandoval-Denis et al. 2013).

Known distribution:— Brazil, Canada, China, Finland, India, Israel, New Zealand, South Africa, USA ( Domsch et al. 1993, Mao & Guan 2016).

Material examined:— China, Yunnan Province, Kunming City , 25.047865N, 102.721724 E, industrial wastecontaminated soil, 16 December 2019, G.C. Ren ( HKAS 107658 ); living culture, KUMCC 20-0229 .

GenBank Accession No:— ITS: MW 577169 , btub: MW 602384 , tef 1-α: MW 590262

Notes:— Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was introduced by Bainier (1907), which was previously known as Penicillium brevicaule ( Saccardo 1881) . Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is a common soil fungus with a wide distribution in both acidic and alkaline soils. It can survive in substrates with high concentrations of chitin, tannic and cyanamide ( Domsch et al. 1993). Mao & Guan (2016) isolated S. brevicaulis from contaminated soil in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China. In our study, we report S. brevicaulis ( KUMCC 20-0229) from soil contaminated by industrial waste in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China. In the multi-gene phylogeny, our collection ( KUMCC 20-0229), forms a well-supported clade with other S. brevicaulis (100% ML, 1.00 BYPP). Our new collection ( KUMCC 20-0229) also shows similar morphological features to S. brevicaulis ( CBS 273.30) in having vertically branched conidiophores with 2–4 annellophores present at the terminal and conidiogenous cells with annellated zones that bear globose to ovoid conidia with finely to coarsely roughened surfaces.

Domsch et al. (1993) mentioned that annellations were produced during conidiogenesis and these remained on the conidiogenous cells after detachment of conidia. Optimal growth and sporulation of S. brevicaulis ranged from 24–30 °C ( Domsch et al. 1993).

Figures

FIGURE 6. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (HKAS107658) a. Mature colony on PDA after 4 weeks with the sporulation. b. Reverse of the colonies on PDA after 4 weeks. c. Sporulation of the colony with mycilium. d. Mature septate hyphae. e. Branched conidiophore bearing annellophores and conidia f–j. Conidiogenous cells with developing conidia. k–r. Conidia. Scale bars: d = 20 μm e, k, l = 10 μm, f–j, m–r = 5 μm.