Trinoton querquedulae ( Linnaeus, 1758 )

Gonza ́ Lez-Acun, Daniel A. & Palma, Ricardo L., 2021, An annotated catalogue of bird lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from Chile, Zootaxa 5077 (1), pp. 1-151 : 42-43

Trinoton querquedulae ( Linnaeus, 1758)

Pediculus querquedulae Linnaeus, 1758: 612 .

Trinotum lituratum Burmeister, 1838: 441 .

Trinotum luridum Burmeister, 1838: 441 .

Trinoton querquedulae ( Linnaeus, 1758) ; Clay & Hopkins 1950: 243, figs 26–28; pl. 2: fig. 2.

Trinoton querquedulae ( Linnaeus, 1758) ; Hopkins & Clay 1952: 358.

Trinoton querquedulae querquedulae ( Linnaeus, 1758) ; Eichler & Vasjukova 1981a: 37, figs 12, 22, 25, 33, 40, 41; pl. 2: fig. 1; pl. 4: fig. 2; pl. 7: fig. 2; pl. 8: fig. 2.

Trinoton querquedulae ( Linnaeus, 1758) ; Hinojosa-Sáez et al. 2009: 340.

Trinoton querquedulae ( Linnaeus, 1758) ; Palma 2017: 78.

Neotype ♀ in NHML (see Clay & Hopkins 1950: 244, pl. 2: fig. 2).

Type host: Anas crecca crecca Linnaeus, 1758 .

Chilean host: Anas georgica Gmelin, 1789 .

Other hosts: Twenty-six species of Anas , ten species of Aythya , two species of Aix , three species of Bucephala , three species of Melanitta , four species of Mergus , two species of Netta , three species of Oxyura , three species of Somateria , two species of Tadorna and over 10 species of other genera (see Price et al. 2003: 139).

Chilean localities: Parral: Region VII; San Nicolás: Region VIII; Tubul: Region IX; Quella: Region XVI.

Geographic distribution: All continents, except Antarctica.

Chilean reference: Hinojosa-Sáez et al. (2009).

Other significant references: Clay & Hopkins (1950); Eichler & Vasjukova (1981a); Palma (1996: 143); Martín- Mateo (2002: 39, figs 7f–i, 8); Price et al. (2003: 139); Palma & Peck (2013: 25); Palma (2010: 408).

Remarks: Trinoton querquedulae is an extremely widespread species with some morphological variability among populations from different hosts. However, we do not recognise as valid taxa the subspecies of this louse species recorded by Eichler & Vasjukova (1981a).

Family RICINIDAE Neumann, 1890 Ricinidae Neumann, 1890 . Bull. Soc. d’Hist. Nat., Toulouse 24, 55. Type genus: Ricinus De Geer, 1778 .

Genus Ricinus De Geer, 1778

Ricinus De Geer, 1778 . Meìm. Hist. Ins. 7, 69. Type species: Ricinus fringillae De Geer, 1778 (by subsequent designation).

Physostomum Nitzsch, 1818 . Germar’s Mag. Entomol. 3, 302. Type species: Ricinus nitidissimus Nitzsch, 1818 = Ricinus fringillae De Geer, 1778 (by subsequent designation).

Species of Ricinus feed on blood, have a low prevalence and intensity of infestation, and a very high ratio of females over males ( Nelson 1972).