Pachira aquatica Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 726, tt. 291, 292. 1775.

Carvalho-Sobrinho, Jefferson, Yoshikawa, Vania Nobuko & Dorr, Laurence J., 2021, Notes on Brazilian Pachira (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) II: Additional typifications and new synonymies, PhytoKeys 186, pp. 53-72 : 53

Pachira aquatica Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 726, tt. 291, 292. 1775.

Figs 1 , 2A

Carolinea princeps L. f., Suppl. Pl.: 314. 1782 [1781], nom. illeg. superfl. Pachira carolinea Dum. Cours., Bot. Cult., ed. 1, 3: 84. 1802, nom. illeg. superfl. Bombax aquaticum (Aubl.) K. Schum., in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6): 62. 1895.

Carolinea pompalis Moc. & Sessé ex DC., Prodr. 1: 478. 1824, nom. nud., pro syn.

Pachira grandiflora Tussac, Fl. Antill. 4: 12, tt. 3, 4. 1827. Carolinea grandiflora (Tussac) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 14: 206. 1847 [1848]. Type: “Antilles.” Lectotype, designated by Yoshikawa et al. (in press): Tussac (1827, t. 3).

Carolinea macrocarpa Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 6: 423. 1831. Pachira macrocarpa (Schltdl. & Cham.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 1(2): 329. 1842. Pachira longifolia Hook., Bot. Mag., ser. 3, 6: t. 4549. 1850, nom. illeg. superfl. Bombax macrocarpum (Schltdl. & Cham.) K. Schum., in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6): 62. 1895. Type: Mexico. Veracruz, Papantla, Feb 1829 (lf, fl bud), F. Deppe & C.J.W. Schiede 1312 (lectotype, designated by Yoshikawa et al. (in press): BM barcode 000645670 [s.n.]; isolectotypes: HAL barcode 0098398, HAL barcode 0128027 (2 sheets), HAL barcode 0128028 [s.n.] (2 sheets), LE n.v., W n.v.).

Carolinea lovisa-carolina L. ex B.D. Jacks., Index Linn. Herb.: 52. 1912, nom. nud.

Type.

French Guiana. Cayenne, 1775 (lf), F. Aublet s.n. (lectotype, as “holotype,” designated by Robyns 1963, pp. 238, 242: BM barcode 000645671). Epitype: French Guiana. Tour de l'Ile River , 0-10 m, 04°47' 36"N, 052°22' 38"W, 18 Oct 1991 (lf, fl), S.A. Mori et al. 22126 (epitype, designated here: US barcode 00636701; isoepitypes: CAY barcode 155330, NY barcode 402480) .

Note.

Yoshikawa et al. (in press) typified several names that are synonyms of Pachira aquatica , but omitted mention of nomina nuda. Despite their lack of nomenclatural standing, these nomina nuda associated with P. aquatica do appear in standard indices (e.g., IPNI 2021; Tropicos 2021) and we include them to clarify their identification. Likewise, we discuss two names typified by Yoshikawa et al. (in press) in order to clarify their synonymies and bibliographic citations that are confused in standard indices.

The lectotype of Pachira aquatica consists solely of detached leaflets and a sterile twig. Consequently, a flowering collection from French Guiana is designated here as an epitype (Fig. 1 ).

" Carolinea pompalis fl. mex. ic. ined. " was cited originally as a synonym of C. minor Sims (≡ Pachira minor (Sims) Hemsl.). Robyns (1963) did not agree with this interpretation and placed the nomen nudum among his " Species dubiae incertae sedis." McVaugh (2000, p. 88) discussed the sources of the material that de Candolle (1824) examined, which included a plate in G (see F neg. no. 30513) and presumably another illustration now in the Torner Collection (Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation accession No. 6331.0864; see also No. 6331.1977). These images depict P. aquatica , which occurs in Mexico and South America. Pachira minor is restricted to South America, which was not visited by the Sessé and Mociño Expedition.

Several indices (e.g., IPNI 2021; Tropicos 2021) state incorrectly that the combination Carolinea grandiflora (Tussac) Spach was made in 1834, but Spach (1834, p. 426) did not then definitely associate the epithet " grandiflora " with the genus Carolinea stating simply “Carolinéa de Tussac. - Pachira grandiflora Tussac" (see Turland et al. 2018; Art. 35.2). The combination was made in 1847 in an index to the larger work when Spach (1847, p. 206) wrote "[ Carolinea ] Carolinea grandiflora , Tuss. .. [Vol.] 3 [Pag.] 426": the volume and page numbers providing an indirect reference to the basionym (see Turland et al. 2018; Art. 41.3).

Carolinea macrocarpa was described from Mexican material cultivated in Berlin. The protologue gives the type locality as " Ad ripas fluminum et rivulorum Papantlensium et Tecolutensium. Papantlae ." Robyns (1963, p. 239) selected " Schiede et Deppe 1312" as “typus” and he cited specimens at BM, LE and W, but not HAL. The labels on the HAL specimens, however, suggest the collecting combination may have been "Deppe & Schiede" and not "Schiede & Deppe."

Pachira longifolia is a superfluous name for P. macrocarpa (≡ Carolinea macrocarpa ). The epithet of this superfluous name is often miscited as " longiflora " (see e.g., Robyns 1963; Alverson in Berry et al. 1997), which is perhaps understandable given that Hooker (1850) called it the "Long-flowered Pachira ."

Figures

Figure 1. Epitype of Pachira aquatica Aubl. (US barcode 00636701).

Figure 2. Pachira species A P. aquatica fruit B P. duckei fruit C P. endecaphylla leaves and flower D P. glabra leaves and flower E P. retusa habit F P. retusa leaves and fruit. Photographs A, D J. G. Carvalho-Sobrinho B C. E. Zartman C B. A. S. Pereira E M. C. Machado F L. P. Queiroz.