Kuwania Cockerell

Wu, San’An, Nan, Nan, Gullan, Penny & Deng, Jun, 2013, The taxonomy of the Japanese oak red scale insect, Kuwania quercus (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kuwaniidae), with a generic diagnosis, a key to species and description of a new species from California, Zootaxa 3630 (2), pp. 291-307 : 294-295

Genus Kuwania Cockerell in Fernald

Sasakia Kuwana, 1902: 47 . Type species: Sasakia quercus Kuwana , by monotypy. Homonym of Sasakia in Lepidoptera ; discovered by Fernald, 1903: 32.

Kuwania Cockerell in Fernald, 1903: 32. Replacement name for Sasakia Kuwana, 1902 .

Diagnosis. Adult female. Body elongate, somewhat broadened toward posterior end, about 1.4–6.0 mm long, red in life. Derm membranous; mouthparts absent. Antennae, placed together on apex of head but not contiguous; usually with 9 segments, basal 2 segments much enlarged, apical segment ovoid, with a group of setae at apex, intermediate segments broader at apex than at base. Legs of moderate size relative to body; trochanter with 4–6 campaniform sensilla on each face; tibia with a tuft of clubbed setae at apex; tarsus 1 segmented and curved; claw with one denticle and 2 acute digitules. Thoracic spiracles without disc pores in atrium; abdominal spiracles smaller, with 4–6 pairs present (0 in K. oligostigma ), each usually with a single disc pore within atrium. Anal lobe indistinct or absent; anal ring simple, subapical on dorsum. Multilocular disc pores distributed on both surfaces, of one or 2 types, each pore with one central loculus and 5–10 outer loculi; discoidal pores sometimes present on abdominal venter.

First-instar nymph. Body elliptical, 0.2–0.3 mm long. Derm membranous; eyes present and mouthparts well developed. Antennae placed close together at apex of head, 6 segmented, nearly clavate in form; intermediate segments short and narrow; apical segment longest and somewhat swollen, with a small group of setae at apex. Legs short and stout; tibia and tarsus apparently fused; claw with a distinct denticle and 2 digitules, each knobbed at apex and exceeding tip of claw. Thoracic spiracles each accompanied by a single multilocular disc pore; abdominal spiracles uncertain, perhaps absent. Anal ring simple, subapical on dorsum. A marginal row of discoidal pores present on dorsum of head, prothorax and abdominal segments; apical setae well developed, about one-third length of body, also with a long seta on dorsal margin of prothorax, sometimes on margin of abdominal segment VII.

Key to species of Kuwania based on adult females ( K. minuta Borchsenius is not included*)

1. With 4 or 6 pairs of abdominal spiracles; on Fagaceae ........................................................ 2

- Without abdominal spiracles; on Burseraceae ........................................... K. oligostigma # De Lotto

2. Abdominal venter with discoidal pores..................................................................... 3

- Abdominal venter lacking discoidal pores..................................................................4

3. With 4 pairs of abdominal spiracles; tibia with about 6 clubbed setae............................ K. quercus (Kuwana)

- With 6 pairs of abdominal spiracles; tibia with about 10–30 clubbed setae..................... K. pasaniae Borchsenius

4. Multilocular disc pores of 2 sizes; tibia with 4–9 clubbed setae on apex........................................... 5

- Multilocular disc pores of one size; tibia with about 12 clubbed setae at apex........................... K. rubra Goux

5. Large type of multilocular disc pore each with 8–10 outer loculi, usually 10, small type of multilocular disc pore each with 5–7 outer loculi, usually 7........................................................ K. raygilli Wu & Gullan, sp. nov.

- Large type of multilocular disc pore each with 7 or 8 outer loculi, usually 8, small type of multilocular disc pore each with 6 or 7 outer loculi, usually 6................................................................ K. bipora Borchsenius

*We have not been able to examine specimens of K. minuta . There is no type material deposited in the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, and all types may be in the Zoological Institute of Armenia (I.A. Gavrilov-Zimin 2012, personal communication). Borchsenius (1955) described this species from Ukraine and Armenia on Quercus sp., but provided no illustrations. We doubt that it belongs to Kuwania because the original description of the adult female states that the multilocular pores have two or three central loculi, and these pores in other species of Kuwania have one central loculus.

# We have not seen specimens of K. oligostigma , but the adult female described and illustrated by De Lotto (1959) resembles a species of Kuwania except for the absence of abdominal spiracles. It is possible that these were difficult to see or may have been removed unintentionally during maceration and clearing of body contents.