Porphyrogenes

Austin, George T. & Mielke, Olaf H. H., 2008, Hesperiidae of Rondônia, Brazil: Porphyrogenes Watson (Lepidoptera: Pyrginae: Eudamini), with descriptions of new species from Central and South America, Insecta Mundi 2008 (44), pp. 1-56 : 35-37

Key to the males of Porphyrogenes

The following is a provisional key to males of all known species of Porphyrogenes (females are insufficiently known to include). Species encountered in central Rondônia are marked with an asterisk (*).

1. Dorsum with bright blue bases to wings, forewing with yellow-orange band ............................... ............................................................................................................... P. omphale (Butler) *

— Dorsum without blue but blackish to tawny, forewing not banded. ............................................ 2

2(1). Large (forewing length> 20 mm) ................................................................................................. 3

— Small (forewing length <20 mm) ................................................................................................ 21

3(2). Dorsum black with purple flush; head, palpi, pectus, and legs orange .............. P. stupa Evans

— Without above combination of characters .................................................................................... 4

4(3). Fringes of wings prominently white, Costa Rica....................................... undescribed species

— Fringes of wings not prominently white ....................................................................................... 5 5(5). Vein 2A on ventral forewing not swollen, usually not bare ......................................................... 6

— Vein 2A on ventral forewing bare and swollen ............................................................................ 10

6(5). Harpe narrow caudad ................................................................................................................... 7

— Harpe broad caudad ...................................................................................................................... 8

7(6). Ventral forewing with tuft above vein 2A, vein 2A not bare ............................ P. boliva Evans *

— Ventral forewing without tuft above vein 2A, vein 2A with short bare portion ............................. ............................................................................................. P. speciosus Austin and Mielke

8(6). Dorsum deep red-brown ............................................................. P. spadix Austin and Mielke *

— Dorsum paler orange-brown ......................................................................................................... 9

9(8). Large in size (forewing length = 27 mm), palpi gray-tan, legs yellow-orange, origin of vein Rs well basad of origin of vein CuA 2 ................................................................................. P. splendidus Austin and Mielke

— Smaller (forewing length = 25.2 mm), palpi dark gray, legs ochreous-brown, origin of vein Rs just basad of origin of vein CuA 2 ..................................................................................... P. simulator Austin and Mielke

10(5). Ventral forewing with vein 2A appearing doubled ...................................................................... 11

— Ventral forewing with vein 2A not appearing doubled ................................................................ 12

11(10). Wings tawny ................................................................... P. sororcula (Mabille and Boullet) *

— Wings browner ............................................................................................ P. vulpecula (Plötz)

12(10). Termen of hindwing broadly convex ...................................... P. convexus Austin and Mielke *

— Termen of hindwing less broadly convex, often nearly straight ................................................. 13

13(12) Origin of hindwing vein Rs opposite or basad of origin of vein CuA2 .......................................................................... 14

— Origin of hindwing vein Rs distad of origin of vein CuA2 ........................................................................................................ 17

14(13). Arms of uncus closely spaced, harpe broad and directed caudad .................................................... ......................................................................................... P. specularis Austin and Mielke *

— Arms of uncus widely spaced, harpe thin and curved dorsad ..................................................... 15

15(14). Anterior tufts on dorsal hindwing dark brown or red-brown .... P. sparus Austin and Mielke *

— Anterior tufts on dorsal hindwing tan ......................................................................................... 16

16(15). Dorsum orange-brown, palpi tawny, pectus tawny, Central America and northern South America. ................................................................................................................. P. zohra (Möschler)

— Dorsum dark orange-brown, palpi ochreous, pectus tan, western Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia....... ........................................................................................................................ P. stresa Evans *

17(13). Harpe upcurved with caudal end expanded ................................................................................. 18

— Harpe not broadly expanded caudad ............................................................................................ 19

18(17). Anterior tuft on dorsal hindwing tan .......................................... P. sporta Austin and Mielke

— Anterior tuft on dorsal hindwing gray .......................................... P. spina Austin and Mielke

19(17). Ventral forewing with conspicuous gray apex ........................................ P. probus (Möschler) *

— Ventral forewing without conspicuous gray apex ........................................................................ 20

20(19). Harpe sharply upturned and relatively thin ................................. P. sula (Williams and Bell)

— Harpe nearly straight and broad ......................................................................... P. spoda Evans

21(2). Vein 2A on ventral forewing not bare ................................................................. P. glavia Evans

— Vein 2A on ventral forewing bare ................................................................................................ 22

22(21). Pale macules on forewing ......................................................................... P. ferruginea (Plötz)

— No pale macules on forewing ....................................................................................................... 23

23(22). Harpe triangular, somewhat upturned to sharply pointed caudal end ...... P. despecta (Butler)

— Harpe not triangular, caudal end not sharply pointed ................................................................ 24

24(23). Harpe upturned to broad caudal end ................................................................. P. sparta Evans

— Harpe upturned to narrow caudal end ........................................................................................ 25

25(24). Dorsum pale tawny-brown, ventral hindwing with tornus blackish, anterior tufts on dorsal hindwing tan ................................................................................................................ P. spanda Evans *

— Dorsum dark orange-brown, ventral hindwing tornus not blackish, anterior tufts on dorsal hindwing ochreous-tan ...................................................................................... P. pausias (Hewitson) *