Porphyrogenes boliva Evans, 1952

Austin, George T. & Mielke, Olaf H. H., 2008, Hesperiidae of Rondônia, Brazil: Porphyrogenes Watson (Lepidoptera: Pyrginae: Eudamini), with descriptions of new species from Central and South America, Insecta Mundi 2008 (44), pp. 1-56 : 3-4

Porphyrogenes boliva Evans, 1952

( Fig. 1, 2 , 51, 52 , 115 , 134 )

Porphyrogenes boliva Evans, 1952 . Type locality: Venezuela; male [holo] type ( Fig. 1, 2 ) in BM(NH).

Description. Male ( Fig. 1, 2 , 51, 52 ) - mean forewing length = 23.7 mm (23.1-24.5 mm, n = 5; from Rondônia, Brazil); forewing with costal fold, apex slightly produced, slightly rounded, termen relatively straight, anal margin straight; hindwing termen nearly straight, tornus produced to short lobe, vein Rs arising mid-base and end of discal cell and basad of CuA 2 ( Fig. 115 ); dorsum brown, unmarked; forewing overscaled with tawny-ochreous, heaviest basad, anal margin with very sparse tuft proximad; hindwing overscaled with tawny-ochreous posterior to vein Rs, vague indication of brown discal macules on some individuals; shining gray-brown speculum in anterior base of discal cell, proximal 1/4 of Sc+R 1 -Rs, and proximal 1/2 of costal cell; short and sparse ochreous-tan recumbent tuft near base of Sc+R 1 -Rs covering speculum in Sc+R 1 -Rs, similar semierect ochreous-tan tuft arising from near base of discal cell covering speculum in discal cell ( Fig. 115 ); conspicuous erect ochreous tuft along anterior edge of vein 2A, recumbent pale yellow-tan tuft from posterior edge of 2A; fringes on both wings dark brown.

Venter similar to dorsum; tawny color duller; forewing vein 2A unmodified, nearly straight ( Fig. 115 ); recumbent tuft anterior to central 1/3 of this vein, tan basad, brown distad; shining gray-tan speculum in proximal 1/4 of CuA 2 -2A and in proximal 1/3 of anal cell (continued to tornus as modified tan grading to brown scales); hindwing with vague indication of dark discal macules; relatively conspicuous brown area at tornus; cell 2A-3A with shallow groove just caudad of 2A.

Dorsal head and thorax tawny-ochreous, palpi ochreous-tan, eyes red, antennae black, yellow on distal 2/3 of venter and beneath apiculus, nudum red-brown, 27 (n = 2), 28 (n = 1), or 29 (n = 2) segments, ventral thorax tawny-ochreous, pectus ochreous-tan, legs orange, dorsal abdomen dark brown, pale brown or gray at segments, overscaled with tawny-ochreous especially anteriorly, ventral abdomen paler tawnyochreous to gray-brown.

Genitalia ( Fig. 134 ) - tegumen broad and quadrate in lateral and dorsal views, short dorso-caudal oriented process from each side of caudal end, tuft double and very sparse; uncus decurved in lateral view, divided in V-shape in dorsal view, arms moderately spaced caudad, long and broad, ventral process of uncus triangular; gnathos shorter than uncus, terminal ends rounded in ventral view; combined ventral arms from tegumen and dorsal arms from saccus curved; saccus narrow and long, oriented cephalad; valva with costa-ampulla broadly rounded, curving ventro-caudad to harpe, harpe moderately long, narrow, curving evenly upward to blunt and spiculose caudal end oriented nearly dorsad; aedeagus about length of valva, broad with blunt caudal end; cornuti as several (at least three) clusters of long and thin spikes.

Female - unknown.

Distribution and phenology. Porphyrogenes boliva was known from two males from Venezuela ( Evans 1952). The records from Rondônia, extending this distribution far southward, are for June (1), August (1), October (2), and December (1).

Diagnosis and discussion. Evans (1952) based his description of P. boliva on two males from Venezuela. One of these ( Fig. 1, 2 ) is the [holo] type. This species tends to be paler tawny on the dorsum than its congeners. Evans’ (1952) drawing of the genitalia of P. boliva indicates a much longer harpe than on males from Rondônia, an error also noted for some of his other representations of the genitalia of Porphyrogenes (see P. pausias and P. probus below).

Figures

Figure 1-18. Types and associated specimens of Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 1) Porphyrogenes boliva Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 2) same, vs. 3) Phareas ferruginea Plötz, 1883, lectotype male, ds. 4) same, vs. 5) Augiades despecta Butler, 1870, lectotype female, ds. 6) same, vs. 7) Telegonus omphale Butler, 1871, lectotype male, ds. 8) same, vs. 9) Eudamus pausias Hewitson, 1867, lectotype male, ds. 10) same, vs. 11) Porphyrogenes pausias, female associated with lectotype, ds. 12) same, vs. 13) Telegonus probus Möschler, 1877, lectotype female, ds. 14) same, vs. 15) Porphyrogenes suva Evans, 1952, [holo]type male, ds. 16) same, vs. 17) Telemiades vulpecula Plötz, 1882, lectotype male, ds. 18) same, vs.

Figure 51-64. Porphyrogenes (ds = dorsal surface, vs = ventral surface). 51) P. boliva, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 17 August 1993, ds. 52) same, vs. 53) P. ferruginea, male, ECUADOR: La Selva, ds. 54) same, vs. 55) P. despecta, male, [BRAZIL], Pará, no date, ds. 56) same, vs. 57) P. omphale, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 18 November 1992, ds. 58) same, vs. 59) P. omphale, female, PANAMA: Panamá Prov.; Distrito de El Llano, Cordillera de San Blas, north of El Llano, ca. 330m, 9 May 1978, ds. 60) same, vs. 61) P. pausias, male, BRAZIL: Rondônia; linha C-10, 5 km S of Cacaulândia, 13 November 1994, ds. 62) same, vs. 63) P. pausias, female, BRAZIL: Rondônia; Fazenda Rancho Grande, 16 April 1997, ds. 64) same, vs.

Figure 115-123. Venation and some secondary sexual characters of male Porphyrogenes. Shown is ventral surface including modification of vein 2A and extent of speculum on ventral forewing (irregular line in CuA 2 -2A and anal cell) and origins of veins on hindwing. Insert is of anterior portion of dorsal hindwing showing hair-like tufts. 115) P. boliva, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #1616); 116) P. ferruginea, BRAZIL: Amazonas (GTA #4184); 117) P. despecta, BRAZIL: Pará (GTA #7587); 118) P. pausias, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #4212); 119) P. omphale, BRAZIL:Rondônia (no number); 120) P. probus (GTA #6700); 121) P. sororcula, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #8879); 122) P. spanda, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3225); 123) P. stresa, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3927).

Figure 134-139. Male genitalia of Porphyrogenes; shown are lateral view of uncus, gnathos, tegumen, and saccus; dorsal view of uncus and tegumen; ventral view of uncus and gnathos; juxta; lateral view (with extended vesica) and often dorsal view of aedeagus; internal lateral view of right valva (inset shows the flattened harpe). 134) P. boliva, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3499); 135) P. ferruginea, BRAZIL: Amazonas (GTA #4184); 136) P. despecta, BRAZIL:Pará (GTA #7587); 137) P. omphale, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #3229); 138) P. pausias, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #4212); 139) P. probus, BRAZIL: Rondônia (GTA #6700).